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IB Environmental Systems and Societies

3.4 and 3.5 Review

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Name all five layers/horizons of a soil profile.

3.4.1: Question: 1

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Name at least two things that determine the primary productivity of soil.

3.4.2: Question 2

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Name at least three things that lead to soil degradation.

3.4.3: Question 3

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What are the purposes for mechanical, cropping, and soil husbandry methods?

3.4.4: Question 4

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Name at least two things that soil erosion and soil fertility loss, at Sierra de Santa in Veracruz, Mexico, have resulted in.

3.4.5: Question 5

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What is one difference between agriculture in MEDC’s and agriculture in LEDC’s?

3.5.1: Question 6

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Between terrestrial food production systems and aquatic food production systems, which of the two is more efficient and why?

3.5.2: Question 7

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What is the difference between intensive farms and extensive farms?

3.5.3: Question 8

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Define the term ‘shifting cultivation’.

3.5.4: Question 9

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Organic horizon Mixed mineral-organic horizon Eluvial or leached horizon Illuvial or deposited horizon Bedrock or parent material

3.4.1: Answer 1

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Mineral content Drainage Water-holding capacity Air spaces Biota Potential to hold organic matter

3.4.2: Answer 2

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Water erosion Wind erosion Acidification (toxification) Eutrophication Salinity Atmospheric deposition (heavy metals

and organic pollutants) Desertification Climate change

3.4.3: Answer 3

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Soil conservation Mechanical methods are used to reduce

water flow Cropping and soil husbandry methods

are used against wind and water damage

3.4.4: Answer 4

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Reduced agricultural productivity Decreased availability of drinking water

in nearby urban centres Increased road maintenance Falling hydroelectric potential A decline in the fishing industry in

coastal lagoons

3.4.5: Answer 5

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MEDC’s: Advanced technology Low labour and high fuel costs Grand-scale factory produced fertilizers

and pesticides LEDC’s:

Low levels of technology Lack of capital High levels of labour

3.5.1: Answer 6

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Terrestrial: Second law of thermodynamics

3.5.2: Answer 7

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Intensive farming: Small area of land Aims to have very high output per unit

area of land Extensive farming:

Large in comparison to the money and labour put into them

Few workers are responsible for thousand of acres of land

3.5.3: Answer 8

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Agriculture in which new land is cleared by cutting down small areas of forests and setting them on fire.

Ash is used as fertilizer Cleared land spaces are used to farm

crops

3.5.4: Answer 9

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Hope this helped

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