INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

EDU555Curriculum & Instruction

Encik Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh

To start teaching: teacher must be

guided by instructional objective, followed by strategies and tools to accomplish the task, and then evaluate the outcomes

Instructional Objectives

Objectives: desired outcomes of learning

Purpose:Defining the intents of an educational

planHelping teachers to plan steps necessary

to achieve planHelping students to know what is

expected of them at the end of the program

Instructional Objectives

Helping teachers, administrators and

society to assess the products of the system

Statement that described the teacher’s intent about how students should change

Instructional Objectives

Robert Mager (1962)

Objectives must be OBSERVABLE and MEASURABLE

‘Behavioral Objectives’

Mager format of instructional objectives

Suggested that objectives of learning need to be specific in term of:

1) Student behaviour What the learner will be able to do when

he has mastered the objectives What learner will be doing or behavior the

teacher will accept as evidence that the ‘objectives’ have been achieved

using verbs that denote observable action “at the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to identify….”

Mager format of instructional objectives

2) Testing situation Under what conditions he will be able to do it The condition under which the behaviour will be

observed ‘given the blank world map students should

be able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’

Mager format of instructional objectives

3) Performance criteria To what standard he will be able to do it The standard of the performance level defined as

acceptable indicating correctness, speed, rate of response ‘given the blank world map students should be

able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’

Mager format of instructional objectives

use precise words – that are not open to

many interpretations Link the 3 parts together when writing the

behavioral objectives Start by stating students behaviours, condition

and performance

Mager format of instructional objectives

Mager format of instructional objectives

Examples :- state- list down- identify- compare- calculate- draw- name the…

- colour the..- measure- solve- match the..

Criticisms: 1) Not practical difficult to write 2) Difficult to accomplish the kind of

specificity3) Becomes unmanageable for teachers to

write because too many objectives and specificity

Mager format of instructional objectives

Groundlund (1970) suggested there

are 2 levels of objectives:1) General objectives2) Specific objectives

Instructional Objectives

General instructional objectives must

be followed by a sample of specific behavioral outcomes

Teaching may be directed towards achievement of the general objectives

Specific objectives may form the basis for testing and assessment

Instructional Objectives

There are different types of behaviours

can be specified in writing the instructional objectives

Bloom’s Instructional Objectives

Benjamin Bloom (1956) proposed the most helpful guides for the behaviour classification

He created a scheme that classifies instructional objectives in a systematic way

He divided the objectives into 3 domains:1) Cognitive domain : knowing fact and

information2) Psychomotor domain: performing physical

skills3) Affective domain: exhibiting personal

attitudes

Bloom’s Instructional Objectives