بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. introduction to histology
TRANSCRIPT
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الله بسمالرحيم الرحمن
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INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY
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HISTOLOGY(MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY)
Definition.
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Light Microscope (L/M)
• 1- Illumination.• 2- Magnification.• 3- Resolution. N.B. Resolving power ( It is the least distance between 2 particles at which they will appear separated). R.P. for L/M is 250 nm
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Light microscope
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STAINING FOR L/M
Staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin
(H&E) or (Hx&E):
Basophilic structures.
Acidophilic structures.
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(B) Electron microscopy:
1-Transmission E/M: Resolving power 0.2 nm.
* Electron-dense structure
**Electron-lucent structure
2-Scanning E/M: Resolving power 10 nm.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
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Scanning Electron microscope
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THE CELL
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THE CELL NUCLEUS(INTERPHASE NUCLEUS)
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Shape of nuclei
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Dark Nucleus(Deeply-stained nucleus)
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Vesicular (open face) Nucleus
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L/M:Appearance (Type):
- Light nucleus (vesicular) (open face)
- Dark nucleus (deeply-stained)
Number: 1, 2, or more.
Position: Central, eccentric, peripheral, basal.
CELL NUCLEUS)Interphase Nucleus(
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Cell Nucleus
• L/M (cont.):Size:
Small, medium, large ) Nucleus/cell ratio(
Shape: e.g. Rounded, oval, rod-shaped.
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Nucleus (E/M diagram)
RER-------
Hc
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Nucleus (Electron Micrograph)
PRACTICAL
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Nuclear pores
PRACTICAL
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Cell Nucleus(Interphase nucleus)
E/M:(1) Nuclear envelopeInner nuclear membrane.
Outer. " " Nuclear pores.Nuclear pore complex.Perinuclear cisterna.
Nuclear lamina. N.B. Rough Endoplasmic reticula (Relation with,).
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)2 (Chromatin: ( Classification ):According to Metabolic activity :
a- Euchromatin(Extended chromatin) b- Heterochromatin(Condensed chrom.)
According to Position: a- Peripheral chromatin.
b- Nucleolus-associated chromatin. c- Chromatin islands.
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Nucleolus (E/M)
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)3 (Nucleolus: L/M: 1-5 basophilic bodies
E/M: 1- Pale-staining fibrillar center.
2 -Pars fibrosa: containing rRNA (nRNA)
being transcribed.
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Nucleolus (cont.):
3 -Pars granulosa: maturing ribosomal subunits are assembled.
4 -Nucleolar matrix.
N.B. Nucleolus is a non-membranous structure.
Function of nucleolus: rRNA synthesis.
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NUCLEOPLASM
• 1- Nuclear matrix.
• 2- Ribonucleoprotein.
• 3- Interchromatin granules.
• 4- Perichromatin granules.
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CYTOPLASM
(1) Organelles.
(2) Inclusions.
(3) Cytosol.
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Cytoplasmic organelles1- Cell Membrane.
2- Ribosomes.
3- Endoplasmic Reticulum.
4- Golgi Apparatus.
5- Endosomes
6- Lysosomes.
7- Peroxisomes.
8- Mitochondria.
9- Cytoskeleton.
10-Centrioles.
11-Cilia & flagella.
12-Filaments (thin f., intermediate f., thick f.).
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Cytoskeleton
1- Thin Filaments (actin filaments).
2- Intermediate Filaments.
3- Microtubules.
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Specializations of cellmembranes
(1) Microvilli.
(2) Cilia.
(3) Intercellular junctions.
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions
1- Glycogen.
2- Lipids.3- Pigments: e.g. lipofuscin pigments, melanin.
4- Crystals.
5- (Secretory granules).
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CELL MEMBRANE(PLASMALEMMA)
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Cell Membrane(Plasmalemma)
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CELL MEMBRANE & GLYCOCALYX
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GLYCOCALYX (CELL COAT)
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MICROVILLI
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MITOCHONDRIA
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PRACTICAL
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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ROUGH ENDOPLASMICRETICULUM
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RER & SECRETORY GRANULES
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GOLGI APPARATUS
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LYSOSOMES
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CILIA
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CILIA
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CILIA & CENTRIOLES
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CENTRIOLES
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CENTRIOLES
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MICROTUBULES& ACTIN FILAMENTS
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DISTRIBUTION OF MICROTUBULES IN INTERPHASE CELLS
• 1- Cytoplasmic microtubules.
• 2- Cilia.
• 3- Flagella.
• 4- Centrioles.
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Glycogen granules in hepatocyte
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INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS
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INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS
(1) Occludent junction.
(2) Adherent junction.
(3) Gap junction (Nexus).
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OCCLUDENT JUNCTION(TIGHGT JUNCTION)
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DESMOSOMES(Macula adherent junctions)
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GAP JUNCTION (NEXUS)
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JUNCTIONAL COMPLEX