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Invention and Innovation

Important TermsImportant Terms InventionInvention InnovationInnovation DiscoveryDiscovery CreativityCreativity PatentsPatents TrademarksTrademarks

CopyrightsCopyrights ScienceScience EngineeringEngineering TechnologyTechnology DesignDesign

InventionInvention Is the creation of a completely new Is the creation of a completely new

product, method, or device. Businesses product, method, or device. Businesses use inventions to create original solutions use inventions to create original solutions to meet consumer needs.to meet consumer needs.

Top 10 Canadian InventionsTop 10 Canadian Inventions

10.10. Poutine Poutine ((Fernand Lachance)Fernand Lachance)

9.9. Electric WheelchairElectric Wheelchair((George Johann Klein)George Johann Klein)

8.8. Zipper (Gideon Sundback)Zipper (Gideon Sundback) 7.7. Robertson screwdriverRobertson screwdriver

(Peter Robertson)(Peter Robertson) 6.6. Pacemaker Pacemaker ((John Hopps)John Hopps)

Top 10 Canadian InventionsTop 10 Canadian Inventions

5.5. Wonderbra (Wonderbra (Moses Nadler)Moses Nadler) 4.4. Five pin bowling (T.E Ryan)Five pin bowling (T.E Ryan) 3. 3. Light bulb Light bulb ((Henry Woodward)Henry Woodward) 2.2. Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) 1.1. Insulin (Fredrick Banting)Insulin (Fredrick Banting)

InnovationInnovation Is the change of an existing product to use Is the change of an existing product to use

new technology, items or processes.new technology, items or processes.

1st Cell PhoneMarch 6, 1983

Razr 2006

Alexander Graham Bell’s

Phone1876

Old Phone

Evolution of the

Tele

phon

e

Samsung Galaxy SIII 2012

Old Computers

New Computers

To promote rapid growth of To promote rapid growth of technology, there had to be technology, there had to be

something in it for both users something in it for both users and producers, and if the and producers, and if the

correct balance could be found, correct balance could be found, it would be good for the it would be good for the

country.country.

Intellectual Intellectual PropertyProperty

DiscoveryDiscovery

The primary process The primary process used in science to used in science to

uncover new uncover new knowledge.knowledge.

CreativityCreativityThe ability to see a The ability to see a problem in several problem in several dimensions.dimensions.

The ability to truly The ability to truly understand the problem at understand the problem at hand.hand.

PatentsPatents Provide inventors with exclusive Provide inventors with exclusive

rights to manufacture a device for a rights to manufacture a device for a period of time that has been fixed. period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 20 yrs.)(Currently 20 yrs.)

submit a patent application, along submit a patent application, along with the appropriate fee, to the with the appropriate fee, to the Patent Office of the Canadian Patent Office of the Canadian Intellectual Property OfficeIntellectual Property Office

Assigned to individuals, not Assigned to individuals, not corporations.corporations.

Patents Cont.Patents Cont. The inventor must keep dated logs The inventor must keep dated logs

in order to prove who invented in order to prove who invented something first.something first.

““Patent PendingPatent Pending”” – the inventor has – the inventor has applied for a patent, but not applied for a patent, but not received it yet.received it yet.

TrademarksTrademarks Trademarks give an individual or Trademarks give an individual or

corporation a right to identify a corporation a right to identify a product with a graphic symbol product with a graphic symbol that customers can readily that customers can readily recognize for the quality and recognize for the quality and service they have earned.service they have earned.

Generally, a trademark has no Generally, a trademark has no time limit.time limit.

Trademark Trademark ExamplesExamples

Adidas

Mountain Dew

Abercrombie & Fitch

Nike

CopyrightsCopyrights Provide the creators of written Provide the creators of written

materials the right to a profit materials the right to a profit from the sale of their works for from the sale of their works for a definite period of time.a definite period of time.

Related to written material, Related to written material, graphic material, or music.graphic material, or music.

What Entrepreneurs look forWhat Entrepreneurs look for

Market Researc

h

Consumer

Wants

Business Opportunit

y

ScienceScience

The pursuit of new The pursuit of new knowledge about nature.knowledge about nature.

Its primary goal is Its primary goal is knowledge, not solutions knowledge, not solutions to problems.to problems.

EngineeringEngineering The profession in which the The profession in which the

knowledge of the mathematical and knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences are combined with, natural sciences are combined with, experience and practice that is then experience and practice that is then applied to develop ways to utilize applied to develop ways to utilize materials and the forces of nature for materials and the forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.the benefit of mankind.

The deliberate, orderly process The deliberate, orderly process through which technology is created.through which technology is created.

TechnologyTechnology

The innovation, change, or The innovation, change, or modification of the modification of the

natural environment to natural environment to satisfy the perceived satisfy the perceived

human wants and needs.human wants and needs.

DesignDesign

The process of designing The process of designing solutions to solutions to

technological problemstechnological problems—innovating and —innovating and

inventing.inventing.

History of Invention, History of Invention, Innovation and Innovation and

DiscoveryDiscovery

The greatest difference The greatest difference between science and between science and

technology is purpose.technology is purpose.

The main purpose of science The main purpose of science was curiosity, where the main was curiosity, where the main purpose of technology was a purpose of technology was a matter of survival.matter of survival.

Science and technology need Science and technology need and serve each other while and serve each other while serving mankind.serving mankind.

Early civilizations were Early civilizations were based on just a few based on just a few

inventions:inventions: The plowThe plow HandwritingHandwriting MetallurgyMetallurgy PotteryPottery Brick makingBrick making

StonecuttingStonecutting SpinningSpinning WeavingWeaving Surveying Surveying

instrumentsinstruments And more…And more…

6 Mechanisms that affect 6 Mechanisms that affect Invention and InnovationInvention and Innovation

1.1. Deliberate search – Atomic Bomb, Deliberate search – Atomic Bomb, String TheoryString Theory

2.2. Deliberate search for one thing that Deliberate search for one thing that leads to something else – Purple leads to something else – Purple DyeDye

3.3. Totally unrelated developments Totally unrelated developments have an effect on the main event – have an effect on the main event – Rutherford’s gold foil. Rutherford’s gold foil.

4.4. Military needs or military Military needs or military inventions give rise to intense inventions give rise to intense development efforts and equally development efforts and equally significant social change – the significant social change – the computercomputer

5.5. Weather & other natural forces - Weather & other natural forces -

6.6. Pure accident – Microwave by Pure accident – Microwave by Percy Spencer, an engineer.Percy Spencer, an engineer.

Invention, Invention, Innovation and Innovation and

Discovery TodayDiscovery Today1. Information and Communication Technology

The faster we can communicate, the faster we can influence others with new inspiration and new inventions.

2. The rise of organized scienceIn the past, discoveries often followed the

practical application.Technology preceded scienceToday, technology rarely precedes science

3. The influence of government3. The influence of government The need for rapid wartime The need for rapid wartime

development of technology tends to development of technology tends to push the envelope of efficiency.push the envelope of efficiency.

The funding of research which is The funding of research which is often available for the asking.often available for the asking.

Government can also influence Government can also influence invention and innovation by invention and innovation by legislation that creates the rules legislation that creates the rules others must play byothers must play by

InventorsInventors Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin Elijah McCoyElijah McCoy Eli WhitneyEli Whitney Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell Henry FordHenry Ford