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金茂大厦 jin mao tower

Jin Mao TowerHuangpu, Shanghai, ChinaSkidmore, Owings, & Merril LLPArchitect: Adrian D. SmithEngineer: D. Stanton Korista

A Report Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements of the course Arch 544: Reasoning For Design Integration

Professor Michael Kyong-il Kim, Ph.D

Katharine Bayer. Matt Cho. Wendy Li. Mulugeta Woldgeorgis

Spring 2010 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois

A COMPREHENSIVE CASE STUDY OF THE BUILDING SYSTEM INTERGRATION OF:

金茂大厦 jin mao tower2

PREFACE

The intent of the comprehensive case study is to evaluate, analyze, and understand good building design through a study of the construction documents and the project manual for the Jin Mao Tower designed by SOM in Shanghai, China. Investigations into the specific organization of subsystems and their function will demonstrate the architect/engineer’s methods of reasoning and decision making, and will also expose unexplored design possibilities that could have been used for better building system integration. The investigation will give factual descriptions of the building parts; express the plausible design reasoning behind the building’s systems, both teleological and functional; and propose alternative design possibilities.

This study will be based on information from construction documents, site visits, and consultations with the architects and engineers of the building.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge Skidmore, Owings, & Merril for graciously allowing us the opportunity to study the construction documents for the Jin Mao Tower. We would also like to thank our professor, Dr. Michael Kim, for enlightening us with the knowledge of synergistic building design.


TABLE OF CONTENTS:

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................4CHAPTER 2: BUILDING CONFIGURATION AND SPACIAL ORGANIZATION...............................7CHAPTER 3: SUPERSTRUCTURES...................................................................................................18CHAPTER 4: SUBSTRUCTURES.......................................................................................................28CHAPTER 5: CURTAIN WALL DESIGN...........................................................................................36CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW.........................................................................43CHAPTER 7: SPACE CONDITONING SYSTEMS............................................................................49CHAPTER 8: ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS..............................................................................................55CHAPTER 9: SOURCES.................................................................................................................60


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONSITE ORIENTATION


The most recognized building in China, inspired by the traditional tiered pagoda, is the Jin Mao Tower by Skidmore, Owings, and Merril. A skyscraper at eighty-eight stories tall, the tower rises out of the Lujazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai in the People’s Republic of China at a total of 420.5 meters (fig.1.0, 1.6). Built on 290,000m2 site in a major finance and trade center for China, the building is estimated to have cost $530 million dollars US. The building is located on a 24,000 square meter plot of land near the Lujiazui metro station.

Owned by the Jin Mao Group Co, LTD (formerly China Shanghai Foreign Trade Centre Co. Ltd), the building is a multipurpose structure with offices on the first 50 levels of the building and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt Hotel on the following 38 levels.

Just east of the Huang Pu River, the Jin Mao Tower shares the skyline of Pudong with the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center and the Shanghai Tower. Providing not only office space for financial and trade organizations, the Jin Mao Tower also has a shopping mall, food court, concert hall, and parking for cars and bicycles (fig.1.2,1.3).

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Taking up an entire block, the Jin Mao complex consists of a podium which houses J-Life, the retail center for the complex, on the west side of the building site. The tower, which houses office space, several restaurants, a club, a hotel, and an observation deck, is located on the east side of the building site (fig. 1.4,1.5).

Head architect Adrian D, Smith from Sikdmore, Owings, and Merril, and head engineer Stanton Korista, also for Skidmore, Owings, and Merril, lead the design process from 1993 until completion in 1998. Over 30 architects and engineers worked on the project. Opening on August 28, 1998 with respect to the lucky number eight, which was a major player in the concept and design process, the building construction process was on an accelerated schedule.

1.4

1.5

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CHAPTER 2: BUILDING CONFIGURATION & SPACE ORGANIZATION AND THE OVERALL SYSTEM

OCCUPANCYCONFIGURATIONRISER DIAGRAM


Occupancy:

The Jin Mao Tower is a multiuse space with 123,000m square of office space, a shopping mall, a food court, several restaurants, conference and banquet facilities, nightclubs, parking for 600 cars and 7500 bikes, and a hotel. The building is serviced by 61 elevators and 19 escalators. With such a complex group of occupants, the circulation and transportation of the occupants becomes essential. Managed by the eleavator riser system, occupants are directed through the building by a very selective program.


The following page (fig. 2.0) is a section diagram of the function of each level. There is a lobby, five different office zones, a double height mechanical level, and hotel. These all sit next to a six level podium building.

The building’s major tenant is the five-star, 555-room Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel which occupies floors 53 to 87. The Hyatt’s barrel-vaulted atrium starts at the 56th floor and extends upwards to the 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27 m in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115 m. It is one of the tallest atriums in the world.

The hotel floors also feature:53/F: The Piano Bar, a jazz club.54/F: The hotel lobby and Grand café, served by an express elevator from the tower's ground floor.55/F: Canton, a high-end Cantonese restaurant that takes up the entire floor.56/F: On Fifty-Six, a collection of restaurants including The Grill, the Italian Cucina, the Japanese

Kobachi, and the Patio Lounge, which is located at the base of the atrium.57/F: Club Oasis, a fitness club featuring the world's highest swimming pool.85/F: Highest rooms; this is also a transfer level for the elevators going to the two floors above.86/F: Club Jin Mao, a Shanghainese restaurant.87/F: Cloud 9, with a split-level mezzanine called the Sky Lounge. It is chosen by some visitors as a

comfortable alternative to the observation deck above, since the lowest-priced drinks are the same price as the admission to the deck.


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The subsequent pages describe the elevator service for the officie zones, the retail and hotel levels, service and emergency access, and the observation deck. The riser diagram for the tower is explained in two diagrams: one for the podium lever and a second one for the tower.


OFFICEOFFICE ELEVATORS- office: P1-P3 (level 1, level 3-6)- geared traction (1.75m/s)- 1350kg capacity

- office: P4-P9 (level 1, level 7-17)- office: P10-P15 (level 1, levels 18-29) - office: P16-P21 (level 1, levels 30-40) - office: P22-P26 (level 1, levels 41-50) - gearless traction (3.5m/s to 6.3m/s)- 1600kg capacity

- floor to floor time: 8.9 seconds

GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL 7

LEVEL 18

LEVEL 30

LEVEL 41

LEVEL 50

GROUND LEVEL


RETAIL/HOTELHOTEL ELEVATORS- hotel: P43-P48 (level 54-85) - hotel: P27-P32 (level 1, 2, 54) - gearless traction (5m/s to 6.3m/s)- 1600kg capacity

- hotel: P52-P53 (level 53-56)- hotel: P54-P55 (level 84-87) - geared traction (1m/s to 1.75m/s)- 1600kg capacity

RETAIL ELEVATORS- retail: P56-P57 (level B1, level 1, level 2m-6) - geared traction (1.75m/s)- 1600kg capacity

- parking: P35-P37 (level B3-B1, levels 1-2) - gearless traction (1.75m/s)- 1350kg capacity

- floor to floor time: 8.0 seconds

B3

B1GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL 54

LEVEL 85

LEVEL 6

LEVEL 87

LEVEL 56

GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL 54

LEVEL 85


B2B1

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 51

LEVEL 88

SERVICES/EMERGENCYSERVICE ELEVATORS- hotel: S41, S42 (level B1, levels 1, 2, 2m, level 53)- hotel: S49 (level 53-88)- gearless traction (3.5m/s to 4m/s)- 1600 to 2200kg capacity

- hotel (from podium): S60 (level B1, level 1-2)- office (from podium): S62 (level B1, level 1)- geared traction (0.5m/s to 1m/s)- 2000 to 3000kg capacity

EMERGENCY ELEVATORS- office: SF39, SF40 (level B3-B1, levels 1, level 3-51)- hotel: SF50-51 (levels 51-88)- gearless traction (3.5m/s to 4m/s)- 1600 to 2200kg capacity

- retail: SF58-SF59 (level B1, level 1-6)- geared traction (1.75m/s) - 2000kg capacity

GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL 51


OBSERVATION DECKOBSERVATION DECK ELEVATORS- deck: P33-P34 (level B1 and 88) - gearless traction (9.1m/s)- 2500kg capacity

- total travel time: 35 seconds

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LEVEL 88

BASEMENT LEVEL 1

LEVEL 88


OFFICEHOTEL

SERVICE

PARKING

PODIUM

OBSERVATION

SHUTTLEOVER RUNMECH

The Jin Mao complex has a very complex elevator riser diagram. Office zones are serviced by 26 elevators in five zones. There is a hotel express shuttle elevator bay, an observation deck served by 2 elevators, 10 service elevators, 7 sets of escalators servicing the podium and10 elevators for the hotel services.


CHAPTER 3: SUPERSTRUCTURECOREMEGACOLUMNSUPERCOLUMNOUTRIGGER TRUSSPIN CONNECTION


PHASE 2:SUPERSTRUCTURE & SUBSTRUCTURE

8SUPERCOLUMNS

8MEGACOLUMNS

CORE

8OUTRIGGER TRUSSES

Adhering to the theme of eight, which signifies good luck in China, the structure of the tower contains an octagonal central reinforced concrete core, eight perimeter megacolumns made of concrete and steel, and eight steel built-up supercolumns, all resting on a 4m thick, reinforced-concrete, pile-supported mat.

“A structure should be designed, engineered and constructed to interact harmoniously with the most unpredictable of natural environments.”

-Mark Sarkisian

CHAPTER 3: SUPERSTRUCTURE


CORE (SHEAR WALL)

CORE WALL DETAIL

LEVEL 53

LEVEL 50

LEVEL 51

LEVEL 52

STRUCTURAL DUALITY

COMPRESSION/

LATERAL FORCESLATERAL FORCES

base is base is extendedextendedextendedbase is base is

extendedextended

FLOOR SLABS

STEEL COLUMN

OUTRIGGER TRUSS TOP CHORD

HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT

OUTRIGGER TRUSS BRACING

OUTRIGGER TRUSS BOTTOM CHORD


CORE SECTION

CORE PLAN

CORE TO BEAM CONNECTIONSHEAR STUDS

W-FLANGE BEAM

WEB CONNECTION PLATE

EMBEDDED PLATE

CORE (SHEAR WALL)

The southeast coastal region of China is impacted by typhoons and strong winds. Potential of a major earthquake in the region was predicted to occur within the next 50 years.

Advanced structural engineering system of wind and earthquake engineering which could withstand typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale.

Extensive wind and seismic engineering analyses performed (aspect ratio between the height and transverse width of 8:1).

Chinese wind design code did not address structures taller than 160 m 10 years ago when the Jin Mao Building was designed.

The Jin Mao was envisioned as a flexible and slender structure, thus, the building was constructed using both steel and concrete. As a composite building, materials could be located where they most efficiently resist loads, thus minimizing cost and materials. Reinforced concrete, with its mass, strength, stiffness, and damping characteristics, combined with the strength, speed of construction, long-span capabilities, and lightweight characteristics of structural steel were combined to control building behavior and maximize structural efficiency.


CORE (SHEAR WALL)- The southeast coastal region of China is impacted by

. Potential of a major earth-in the region was predicted to occur within the

- Advanced structural engineering system of wind and earthquake engineering which could withstand typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the

- Extensive wind and seismic engineering analyses performed (aspect ratio between the height and

- Chinese wind design code did not address structures taller than 160 m 10 years ago when the Jin Mao Building

CORE WALL DETAIL

LEVEL 53

LEVEL 50

LEVEL 51

LEVEL 52

NO TIES BELOW LEVEL 50

STRUCTURAL DUALITY

COMPRESSION/

LATERAL FORCESLATERAL FORCES

FLOOR SLABS

STEEL COLUMN


HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT




CORE SECTION

CORE PLAN

CORE TO BEAM CONNECTIONSHEAR STUDS

W-FLANGE BEAM

WEB CONNECTION PLATE

EMBEDDED PLATE

The concrete core provides excellent stiffness, while the structural steel floor framing allows us to use long, column-free spans with minimal weight. This, in turn, reduces the size of the vertical members and the foundation, creating a system that resists winds and earthquakes with the fewest possible structural elements. The composite approach also enabled the engineers to hollow out that portion of the central core where structural demands were less, and to create the tower’s centerpiece – a 650-foot-high atrium, tallest and highest in the world, extending up from the 56th floor.


MEGACOLUMN TRANSFER

MEGACOLUMN PLAN

MEGACOLUMN SECTION



LEVEL 27

LEVEL 23

LEVEL 24

LEVEL 25

LEVEL 26

COLUMN TYPE A - 94 BARS COLUMN TYPE B - 86 BARS COLUMN TYPE C - 66 BARS

MEGACOLUMN

MEGACOLUMN

The use of both steel and concrete created a dilemma as some deformations occur during construction due to self weight, while some occur over time, in some cases up to 10 years or more. Concrete and steel both deform elastically, but concrete also creeps and shrinks over time. For a building as tall as the Jin Mao, vertical displacement at the top could be as much as 12 inches. More significant is the relative movement between neighboring vertical elements, especially the core relative to the composite mega-columns that are interconnected with the stiff steel outrigger trusses.


MEGACOLUMN TRANSFER

MEGACOLUMN PLAN

MEGACOLUMN SECTION



LEVEL 27

LEVEL 23

LEVEL 24

LEVEL 25

LEVEL 26

COLUMN TYPE A - 94 BARS COLUMN TYPE B - 86 BARS COLUMN TYPE C - 66 BARS

MEGACOLUMN

When subjected to large relative displacements, these trusses would attract forces so great that they could be ripped apart. To counteract these forces, the engineers introduced pins into the trusses to allow rotation during construction. They did not bolt the connections until after the structure was completely built. After the bolts were installed, the structure was capable of resisting all future design loads. In addition, pins would also fuse and dissipate energy during earthquakes; after an event, friction in the joints is restored by high-strength bolts. During moderate earthquakes the joint remains fixed, but during a severe earthquake, the joints rotate. This allows the building to be flexible, dissipating energy and reducing potential damage. After the earthquake, the Pin-Fuse Joints return to their original positions.


STEEL SUPERCOLUMN- Gravity loads are resisted by composite floor members that frame to structural steel supercolumns, the central core, and composite megacolumns.

- The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes.

- Swimming pool on the 57th floor is said to act as a passive damper.

FLOOR MEMBERS (W-FLANGE)

MEGACOLUMNS

BEAM TO COLUMN WEB SHEAR

CONNECTION

BEAM TO COLUMN FLANGE SHEAR

CONNECTION

WEB OF STEEL COLUMN

STEEL COLUMN

STEEL BEAM

STEEL SHEAR PLATE

SLOTTED HOLES CONNECTION STEEL BOLTS

STEEL SUPERCOLUMN

Gravity loads are resisted by composite floor members that frame to structural steel supercolumns, the central core, and composite megacolumns. The steel shafts have shear joints

that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes. The swimming pool on the 57th floor is said to act as a passive damper.


CORE WALL TO OUTRIGGER TRUSSCONNECTION DETAIL

LONG SLOTTED HOLES - END CLIP

OUTRIGGER TRUSS

- Concrete core is connected to the composite megacol-

OUTRIGGER TRUSS

LEVEL 85-87

LEVEL 24-26PIN CONNECTION: STEEL TO STEEL

CROSS BRACE NO LONGER REQUIRED

LEVEL 51-53 EVERYTHING ISTIED TOGETHER

OUTRIGGER TRUSS

Provides resistance of lateral loads through a central reinforced concrete shear wall core interconnected with composite megacolumns. The concrete core is connected to the composite megacolumns on the perimeter using outrigger trusses. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at three levels (the 24nd–26nd, 51st–53th and 85th–87th floors).


CORE WALL TO OUTRIGGER TRUSSCONNECTION DETAIL

LONG SLOTTED HOLES - END CLIP

OUTRIGGER TRUSS

OUTRIGGER TRUSS

LEVEL 85-87

LEVEL 24-26PIN CONNECTION: STEEL TO STEEL

everything is tied together

CROSS BRACE NO CROSS BRACE NO CROSS BRACE NO LONGER REQUIREDLONGER REQUIREDLONGER REQUIRED

LEVEL 51-53


PIN JOINTS- The use of both steel and concrete created a dilemma as some deformations occur during construction due to self weight, while some occur over time, in some cases up to 10 years or more.

- Concrete and steel both deform elastically, but concrete also creeps and shrinks over time.

- When subjected to large relative displacements, trusses would attract forces so great that they could be ripped apart.

- Pins in the trusses to allow rotation during construction. Workers did not bolt the connections until after the structure was completely built. After the bolts were installed, the structure was capable of resisting all future design loads.


PIN JOINTS

Pins in the trusses to allow rotation during construction. Workers did not bolt the connections until after the structure was completely built. After the bolts were installed, the structure was capable of resisting all future design loads.


CHAPTER 4: SUBSTRUCTURESLURRY WALLMATT FOUNDATIONSTEEL PILES


SLURRY WALL SYSTEM- A slurry wall is technique used to build reinforced-concrete walls or a non-structural diaphragm in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high ground water table.

- Slurry wall construction involves excavating a narrow trench that is kept full of an engineered fluid or “slurry” at all times. The slurry exerts hydraulic pressure against the trench walls and acts as shoring to prevent collapse.

- Bentonite slurry is the most common excavation fluid used in a slurry trench. In addition to stabilizing the excavation, bentonite reduces the slurry wall’s final soil permeability.

- Once sufficient excavation is complete, reinforcement is lowered in and the trench is filled with concrete. The concrete displaces the bentonite slurry, which is pumped out and recycled.

- The slurry wall enables deep excavation around the site, blocks water from entering the foundation, and serves as an enclosure (parking, etc.) once the building is complete.


TOP STRATAESTIMATED BOTTOM - 32M

MINIMUM BEARING CAPACITY 200 TONS/SQ.METER

LOWER LEVEL 3

LOWER LEVEL 2

LOWER LEVEL 1

SUBSOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM& WATERPROOFING

CONCRETE SLAB

CONTINUOUS KEYWAY

CAP BEAM

STRUCTURAL SLAB

TOWER MAT

SLURRY WALL PLAN SLURRY WALL SECTION

GUIDE WALL

SLURRY WALL

SLURRY WALL SYSTEM

A slurry wall is technique used to build reinforced-concrete walls or a non-structural diaphragm in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high ground water table. Slurry wall construction involves excavating a narrow trench that is kept full of an engineered fluid or “slurry” at all times. The slurry exerts hydraulic pressure against the trench walls and acts as shoring to prevent collapse.

Bentonite slurry is the most common excavation fluid used in a slurry trench. In addition to stabilizing the excavation, bentonite reduces the slurry wall’s final soil permeability.

Once sufficient excavation is complete, reinforcement is lowered in and the trench is filled with concrete. The concrete displaces the bentonite slurry, which is pumped out and recycled.

CHAPTER 4: SUBSTRUCTURE



SANDY SILT

STRATUM GROUTED LENGTH (10-15m)

SLURRY WALL

LOWER LEVEL 3

LOWER LEVEL 2

LOWER LEVEL 1

STIFF CLAY

SOFT CLAY

SOFT CLAY

SLURRY WALL ELEVATION W/TIEBACKSSLURRY WALL W/TIEBACKS SECTION

45 DEGREES

SLURRY WALL: TIEBACKS- To prevent the concrete wall from collapsing into the newly open area, temporary supports such as tiebacks are installed.

ANCOR TIEBACK (150 TONS)

The slurry wall enables deep excavation around the site, blocks water from entering the foundation, and serves as an enclosure (parking, etc.) once the building is complete.

To prevent the concrete wall from collapsing into the newly open area, temporary supports such as tiebacks are installed.


MAT FOUNDATION- The mat is frequently utilitzed as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas.

- To function properly, the mat structure will be more rigid and thicker than individual spread footing.

- A mat foundation is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions.


REBAR ARRANGEMENT

REINFORCEMENT EAST-WEST

REINFORCEMENT NORTH-SOUTH

SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

850MM

425MM

FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

SPACING OF FLEXURALREINFORCEMENT

300MM

TOWER MAT NORTH-SOUTHREINFORCEMENT PLAN

MAT FOUNDATION

The mat (or raft) foundation can be considered a large footing extending over a great area, frequently an entire building. All vertical structural loadings from columns and alls are supported on the common foundation. Typically, the mat is utilized for conditions where a preliminary design indicates that individual columns or footings would be undesirably close together or try to overlap. The mat is frequently utilitzed as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. To function properly, the mat structure will be more rigid and thicker than individual spread footing. A mat foundation is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions.


MAT FOUNDATION- The mat (or raft) foundation can be considered a large footing extending over a great area, frequently an entire building.

- All vertical structural loadings from columns and alls are supported on the common foundation. Typically, the mat is utilized for conditions where a preliminary design indicates that individual columns or footings would be undesirably close together or try to overlap.


SLAB

COMPACTED GRANULAR FILL

PIPING

GRADE BEAM

MAT

PODIUM PILE

CONSTRUCTION JOINT

GRADE BEAM STIRRUPS

PODIUM LOW RISE PILE CAP SECTION

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN

PLUMBING PIPE

CONTINUOUS SLABBOTTOM BARS

COMPACTED GRAVEL

SUBGRADEDRAINAGE SYSTEM

BENTONITEWATERPROOFING

STEEL PILETOWER PILE

SECTION AT EDGE OF TOWER MAT/PODIUM

SECTION AT WEST RAMPAT LL2 TO LL3


STEEL PILES

Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry and transfer the load of the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground surface. The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. Piles are long and slender members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity.

The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time those were the longest steel piles ever used in a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concrete raft 19.6 m underground. The basement’s surrounding slurry wall is 1 m thick, 36 m high and 568 m long, and composed of 20,500 mÂ³ of reinforced concrete.

Pipe piles are a type of steel driven pile foundation and are a good candidate for battered piles.Pipe piles can be driven either open end or closed end. When driven open end, soil is allowed to enter the bottom of the pipe or tube. If an empty pipe is required, a jet of water or an auger can be used to remove the soil inside following driving. Closed end pipe piles are constructed by covering the bottom of the pile with a steel plate or cast steel shoe.

The amount of corrosion for a steel pipe pile can be categorized; for a pile embedded in a non aggressive and natural soil, 0.015 mm per side per year can be assumed from the British Steel Piling Handbook. Eurocode 3 now specifies various corrosion rates based on the nature or soil conditions and pipe pile exposure.

Steel pipe piles can either be new steel manufactured specifically for the piling industry or reclaimed steel tubular casing previously used for other purposes such as oil and gas exploration.


STEEL PILES- The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel pilesdriven 83.5 m deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time those were the longest steel piles ever used in a land-based building.


TYPE A TYPE DTYPE CTYPE B


STEEL PIPE PILE

PILE CAP OR GRADE BEAM

REINFORCED CONCRETE HYDROSTATIC SLAB

SITE PLAN: PILE ARRANGEMENT

PODIUM LOW RISE PILE CAP SECTION


PLUMBING PIPE

CONTINUOUS SLAB

BOTTOM BARS

COMPACTED GRAVEL

SUBGRADE

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

BENTONITEWATERPROOFING

STEEL PILE


STEEL PILEScarry

ground located at some depth below ground surface.

- As with other types of foundations, the purpose of a pile foundations is: to transmit a foundation load to a solid

TYPICAL PODIUM LOW RISE PILE CUTOFF

SANDY SILT

STRATUM

STIFF CLAY

SOFT CLAY

TYPICAL PODIUM LOW RISE SPLICE DETAIL

TYPICAL PODIUM LOW RISE SHOE DETAIL


PHASE 4:CURTAIN WALL SCHEMATIC- The skin is a state-of-the-art curtain wall comprised of high-performance glass and an expressed exterior mullion system composed of stainless steel, aluminum, and granite.

- It uses new technology and building materials to create a fabric, texture, and detailing that relate to the historic and cultural values of the context.

- When designing the curtain wall, the following requirements should be addressed:

(1) ease of installation

(2) construction tolerance

(3) water diversion

(4) energy efficiency

(5) thermal changes, and

(6) aesthetic value.


ARCH 544: Reasoning For Design Integration, Spring 2010Professor Michael Kyong-il Kim, Ph.D

Katharine BayerMatt ChoWendy LiMulugeta Woldgeorgis

CHAPTER 5: CURTAIN WALLUNITIZED SYSTEMPANELSTOWER BASE CONNECTIONSFINS AND RODS


CHAPTER 5: CURTAIN WALL

DESIGN CRITERIA

Considering water movement, thermal changes, construction tolerance, ease of installation, energy efficiency and aesthetic value.Water: The system in the Jin Mao tower is designed to be airtight and waterproof. Weeps are provided at each line of flashing to insure positive drainage. Exterior walls that enclose heated spaces are designed to meet the criteria for condensation control. Vapor barriers are placed on the warm side of the exterior wall. Positive drain holes are provided inside the aluminum window wall mullions and panels. All weep holes have a baffle. Thermal Change:The design temperature for the tower is 21 degrees Celsius. Thermal expansion/contraction and movement joints fulfill the exterior wall performance requirements resulting from a temperature change between -10 degrees to 40 degrees Celsius. Sponge Neoprene Glazing Gaskets and Silicone Glazing Gaskets allow for thermal expansion of the glazing.Construction Tolerance:The typical floor deflection is 20mm, while differential settlement is designed to be 8mm per 4 stories. In order to compensate for anticipated axial shortening of the structure as it is being erected the erection of the exterior wall commenced prior to the completion of the tower structure and prior to the application of superimposed dead loads on a particular floor. Copings, parapets, fins, and decorative elements were designed to withstand a 90kg concentrated load applied in any direction.Ease of Installation:All panels are prefabricated and assembled as a unit system.Aesthetic Value:An elegant skyscraper, the exterior enclosure system is covered with aluminum tubing lattice work and fins to provide a light pollution filter.



CURTAIN WALL PANELS- Thermal expansion/contraction and movement joints fulfill theexterior wall performance requirements resulting from a temperature change between -10 degrees to 40 degrees Celsius. The design temperature for the tower is 21 degrees Celsius.

Floor - summer U = 3.12, winter U = 2.61Storefront - summer U = 5.79, winter U = 5.68

Skylights - summer U = 3.12, winter U = 2.61All other wall portions - U = 0.45

VERTICAL WALL PANEL

GLAZED GLASS PANEL

INCLINED WALL PANEL

CURTAIN WALL PANELS

Thermal expansion/contraction and movement joints fulfill the exterior wall performance requirements resulting from a temperature change between -10 degrees to 40 degrees Celsius. The design temperature for the tower is 21 degrees Celsius.



UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM- Unitized curtain walls involve factory fabrication, assembly of panels, and glazing. Unlike a stick system, the unitized system is used mostly on large projects.

- Completed units are hung on the building structure to form the building enclosure. Mechanical handling is required to position, align and fix the units onto pre-positioned brackets attached to the structure or concrete floor.

- Some of the advantages of this system are: ability to assembling units in workshop with high precision, lower field installation costs as units can be carried out in parallel withbuilding work to shorten construction period, and quality control within an interior climate controlled environment.

- Interlocking male and female profiles provide good resistance to typical floor deflections of 20mm and differen-tial settlement of 8mm per 4 stories.

STONE CLAD STRONGBACK BASE

UNIT

VERTICAL WALL UNIT

INCLINED WALL UNIT

Unitized curtain walls involve factory fabrication, assembly of panels, and glazing. Unlike a stick system, the unitized system is used mostly on large projects. Completed units are hung on the building structure to form the building enclosure. Mechanical handling is required to position, align and fix the units onto pre-positioned brackets attached to the structure or concrete floor. Some of the advantages of this system are: ability to assembling units in workshop with high precision, lower field installation costs as units can be carried out in parallel with building work to shorten construction period, and quality control within an interior climate controlled environment. Interlocking male and female profiles provide good resistance to typical floor deflections of 20mm and differential settlement of 8mm per 4 stories.


The skin is a state-of-the-art curtain wall comprised of high-performance glass and an expressed exterior mullion system composed of stainless steel, aluminum, and granite.

It uses new technology and building materials to create a fabric, texture, and detailing that relate to the historic and cultural values of the context.

When designing the curtain wall, the following requirements should be addressed:

(1) ease of installation

(2) construction tolerance

(3) water diversion

(4) energy efficiency

(5) thermal changes, and

(6) aesthetic value.



TOWER BASE- The system in the Jin Mao tower is designed to be airtight and waterproof. Weeps are provided at each line of flashing to insure positive drainage. Exterior walls that enclose heated spaces are designed to meet the criteria for condensation control. Vapor barriers are placed on the warm side of the exterior wall. Positive drain holes are provided inside the aluminum window wall mullions and panels. Pressure-equalization and proper drainage to achieve air and water tightness requirements. Sponge Neoprene Glazing Gaskets and Silicone Glazing Gaskets allow for thermal expansion of the glazing.

FLASHING

WEEP HOLEWITH AIR TIGHT SEAL

PRESSURE EQUALIZATION CHAMBER

THERMAL INSULATION

SELANT WITH BACKER ROD

GRAVITY ANCHOR

STABALIZER

ALUMINUM RODS

INSULATED METAL STRONG BACK PANEL

NEOPRENE TUBING

SUPLEMENTAL STEEL GRAVITY/WIND COLUMN

LEDGE FIN

TOWER BASEThe system in the Jin Mao tower is designed to be airtight and waterproof. Weeps are provided at each line of flashing to insure positive drainage. Exterior walls that enclose heated spaces are designed to meet the criteria for condensation control. Vapor barriers are placed on the warm side of the exterior wall. Positive drain holes are provided inside the aluminum window wall mullions and panels. Pressure-equalization and proper drainage to achieve air and water tightness requirements. Sponge Neoprene Glazing Gaskets and Silicone Glazing Gaskets allow for thermal expansion of the glazing.



FINS & RODS- A complex latticework of cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes (i.e., a cage like system of decorative rails) is also used to remove light pollution.

- Copings, parapets, fins, and decorative elements were designed to withstand a 90kg concentrated load applied in any direction.

- The heavily articulated façade gives the tower a distinctly ornamented exterior that recalls the decorative carvings of a traditional Chinese structure. As the building rises, it steps back evoking the profile of a traditional Chinese pagoda.

CONTINUOUSGASKET

SELANT WITH BACKER ROD

SUPPORT BRACING FOR FIN

STONE

FIN

FINS & RODS

A complex latticework of cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes (i.e., a cage like system of decorative rails) is also used to remove light pollution.

Copings, parapets, fins, and decorative elements were designed to withstand a 90kg concentrated load applied in any direction.

The heavily articulated façade gives the tower a distinctly ornamented exterior that recalls the decorative carvings of a traditional Chinese structure. As the building rises, it steps back evoking the profile of a traditional Chinese pagoda.


CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL SYSTEMSCHILLER ROOMDISTRIBUTIONHEAT EXCHANGERS


PHASE 6:MECHANICAL SYSTEMSJin Mao’s mechanical system services two distinct areas of the building: offices and hotels. This separation is necessary since the building itself is so large. The systems themselves are independent of each other and are not linked because the allocated sizes are sufficient for each area. In addition, linking the systems would require piping systems to become linked, which currently are not connected.

CHILLER ROOM

COOLING TOWER

LEVEL 22

OFFICE

HOTEL

LEVEL 52

PODIUM

PHASE 6:MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

CHILLER ROOM

COOLING TOWER

LEVEL 22

OFFICE

HOTEL

LEVEL 52

PODIUM

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Jin Mao’s mechanical system services two distinct areas of the building: offices and hotels. This separation is necessary since the building itself is so large. The systems themselves are independent of each other and are not linked because the allocated sizes are sufficient for each area. In addition, linking the systems would require piping systems to become linked, which currently are not connected.


CHILLER ROOM- The chiller room is located beneath the podium and houses refrigeration machines, pumps, and heat exchangers.

- Through the process of vapor-compression refrigeration, a circulating liquid refrigerant absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere.

- For each area, there are three 1,200 ton refrigeration machines and one 400 ton machine. The capacity of the machines were selected for the following reasons

(1) smaller size saves space

(2) maintenance is familiar with the systems

(3) replacement parts are easier to procure, and

(4) the machines are functionally flexible (one works while the other rests).

CHILLER ROOM

RM-8

RM-7

RM-6 RM-5 RM-4

RM-1RM-2RM-3

RM-1,2,3 are the 1,200 ton machines and RM-7 is the 400 ton machine that supports the

podium and o�ce levels (up to level 22).

RM-4,5,6 are the 1,200 ton machines and and RM-8 is the 400 ton machine that

supports levels 23 through 51 and the hotel.


jin mao tower

DISTRIBUTION: OFFICE

Hot Water Heating Supply & Return

B3B2B1

12

34567891011121314151617181920212223242526

272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950

51/52

Chilled Water Supply & Return

Low Pressure Condensate (CR)Low Pressure Steam (LPS)Pumped Condensate Return (PCD)

Condensed Water Supply & Return

Outside Air Supply

Heat ExchangePump Supply Fan

To OAS

To Expansion Tank

To Expansion Tank To Expansion Tank

To OASTo HX

Relief Vent

Typical Piping Axonometric

To OAS

From Boiler

DISTRIBUTION: OFFICE

The office area is an All-Air Systems. All the space conditioning requirement is met by the supply of Conditioned Air to each space. The CHWS&R pipes transport water from the chiller to various cooling coils or supply fans and back to the chiller. Since this is a closed loop, an expansion tank is required. The expansion tank will then connect to domestic water supply. The CWS&R transports from the refrigeration room to the condenser and up to the cooling towers. In this case, the pipes rise throughout the tower for packaged air. This is also a closed loop which requires an expansion tank. For the refrigerant loop which is internal, a relief vent is required to release dangerous pressure build up. The low pressure steam which is boiled in the boiler, exits and transports through the humidifier to various processes and heating application in each level.


DISTRIBUTION: HOTEL- This is the plumbing riser diagram for the hotel levels. They use air-water systems to control all of

partially conditioned by air, typically 100% fresh air,

provided by centrally supplied conditioned fresh air coupled with the required exhaust from wash rooms and kitchens. A fan coil unit supports each

- The 350 chilled water supply and return support all of the mechanical levels from 52-57 and roof

CH

WS

CH

WR

HW

SH

WR

52

To Expansion Tank

85

HOTEL

MECHANICAL

88

4/RF

1/RF

58

57

Typical Piping Axonometric

Chilled Water Supply & Return (250) Chilled Water Supply & Return (350)Condensed Water Supply & Return (100)

To Domestic Water

(CONNECT TO OFFICE BELOW)

To Packaged ACU

Pump Heat Exchangers

To Expansion Tank To Outside Air Supply

To Expansion Tank

Pump

To Outside Air Supply

Heat Exchangers

DISTRIBUTION: HOTEL

This is the plumbing riser diagram for the hotel levels. They use air-water systems to control all of the hotel levels. Buildings that use the air-water systems are partially conditioned by air, typically 100% fresh air, but mostly by chilled water.

This system requires ventilation, which is fully provided by centrally supplied conditioned fresh air coupled with the required exhaust from wash rooms and kitchens. A fan coil unit supports each hotel room.

The 350 chilled water supply and return support all of the mechanical levels from 52-57 and roof level 1-4. 250 chilled water supply and return support all of the hotel floors.


HEAT EXCHANGERS-A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side.

-The Jin Mao coplex uses two different types of heat exchangers:

-The Plate and Frame HX are used with the Condenser Water Supply (CWS).

-The Shell and Tube HX are used with the Hot Water Supply(HWS) and are also pressurers.

Level 51

Heat Exchangers 13,14,15,16,16A,18,19,19A

HX LEVEL TYPE SERVICE1 LL3 P&F Water Side Economizer Low Rise2 LL3 P&F Water Side Economizer High Rise3, 4 LL3 P&F Tenant CWS Low Rise5, 6 LL3 P&F Tenant CWS High Rise 15, 16, 16A L51 P&F Hotel Support CHWS18, 19, 19A L51 P&F Hotel Guest Room7, 8 LL3 S&T HWS Podium9, 10 LL3 S&T HWS Garage11, 12 LL3 S&T HWS Tower L2-2613, 14 L51 S&T HWS Tower L27-5017, 17A L PH 1 S&T HWS Tower L86-PH 120, 21, 21A L51 S&T HWS Hotel Guest Rooms

*A signifies a standby unit

PODIUM (LL3)

PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

HX 3, 4, 5, 6

HX 1, 2

HEAT EXCHANGERS

Level 51

Heat Exchangers 13,14,15,16,16A,18,19,19A

PODIUM (LL3)

PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

HX 3, 4, 5, 6

HX 1, 2

HEAT EXCHANGERS

A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side.

The Jin Mao coplex uses two different types of heat exchangers: The Plate and Frame HX are used with the Condenser Water Supply (CWS).The Shell and Tube HX are used with the Hot Water Supply(HWS) and are also pressurers.


CHAPTER 7: SPACE CONDITIONINGRISERSALL AIR SYSTEMAIR-WATER SYSTEMAHU SPECS


PHASE 7:SPACE CONDITIONING SYSTEMSJin Mao’s space conditioning system is organized based on services, which are primarily office and hotel use. This ‘service zoning’ organization requires several different space conditioning systems (Air Handling Units, Packaged Air Conditioning Units, and Fan Coil Units) that provide the following:

(1) Independent operation and contol of the spaces if distinct characteristics (i.e., hotel and office).

(2) Greater reliability and operational versatility (functionality).

(3) Greater constructability and maintenance (economical).

Throughout the building, space conditioning systems have been strategically distributed and grouped into several mechanical spaces to provide optimum ambient air tempera-ture, humidity, air movement, and supply of oxygen.

OFFICE

HOTEL

LEVEL 51/52

PODIUMAIR-W

ATER

ALL

-AIR

PHASE 7:SPACE CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

OFFICE

HOTEL

LEVEL 51/52

PODIUM

AIR

-WAT

ERA

LL-A

IR


OFFICE DUCT RISER- Air is conditioned and delivered by supply fans (also known as air handling units) as well as packaged air conditioning units, which provide the following:

(1) Heating and cooling of ambient air.

(2) Controlled air movement (with controlled temperature provides high level of thermal comfort).

(3) Ventilation for environmental confort and health (circulation of fresh outside air).

OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY

SUPPLY FANS (AIR HANDLING UNITS)

LEVEL 51/52

LEVEL 2/2M(PODIUM)

LEVEL 26

OUTSIDE AIR

CONDITIONEDAIR

CONDITIONEDAIR

CONDITIONEDAIR

CONDITIONEDAIR

CONDITIONEDAIR

OUTSIDE AIR

UNIT CEILING DIFFUSERS

LEVEL 41-50

LEVEL 3-6

LEVEL 7-17

LEVEL 18-22

LEVEL 23-29

LEVEL 30-40


HOTEL DUCT RISER- Cool or warm air is produced by running air over chilled/hot water through individually controlled fan coil units, which provide the following:

(1) Heating and cooling of ambient air locally.

(2) Control of temperature is easy, precise, and economical.

(3) No need for reliable humidity control.

PENTHOUSE

LEVEL 51/52(OFFICE)

LEVEL 72

DIFFUSERSOUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY

LEVEL 53/54(HOTEL)

FAN POWERED TERMINAL UNIT

OUTSIDE AIR

OUTSIDE AIR

OUTSIDE AIR

OUTSIDE AIR

INDIVIDUALLY CONDITIONED

AIR

INDIVIDUALLY CONDITIONED

AIR


OFFICE: ALL AIR SYSTEM- Space conditioning for the office area is an all air system, which supplies conditioned air exclusively to office

- Requires extensive ductwork (supply and return), which consumes space and is expensive (takes approximately

- Control is sometimes an issue and the system itself may be noisy (i.e., fan room).

VAV BOXES DIFFUSERS

HOTEL: AIR WATER SYSTEM- Space conditioning for the hotel area is an air water system,which supplies air partially conditioned by fresh air and chilled

- All water systems require ventilation, which is fully provided by centrally supplied conditioned fresh air coupled with the required exhaust from bathrooms and kitchens.

- The system is relatively expensive to build as well as maintain (requires condensation drain, making the system tedious).


DIFFUSERS

SUPPLY AIR

OFFICE: ALL AIR SYSTEM- Space conditioning for the office area is an all air system, which supplies conditioned air exclusively to office space.

- Requires extensive ductwork (supply and return), which consumes space and is expensive (takes approximately 6” of floor height).

- Control is sometimes an issue and the system itself may be noisy (i.e., fan room).

VAV BOXES DIFFUSERSHOTEL: AIR WATER SYSTEM- Space conditioning for the hotel area is an air water system,which supplies air partially conditioned by fresh air and chilled water.

- All water systems require ventilation, which is fully provided by centrally supplied conditioned fresh air coupled with the required exhaust from bathrooms and kitchens.

- The system is relatively expensive to build as well as maintain (requires condensation drain, making the system tedious).


DIFFUSERS

SUPPLY AIR


OFFICE DUCT FLOW- Air is conditioned and delivered by supply fans, which run a continuous loop around the core.

- Diffusers deliver conditioned air to the perimeter of the building since central core is already warm.

- Secondary ductwork branches from the main ducts and are controlled by variable terminal units.

- Air is naturally re-circulated to return ducts.

DIFFUSERS

LEVEL 18-29(OFFICE)

SUPPLY

RETURN

RETURN

jin mao tower

HOTEL DUCT FLOW- Air is delivered using a mixture of outside and recycled air,which isconditioned by running the air over coils heated or

- Fan powered terminal units allow hotel guest to individually

SUPPLY

RETURN

RETURN

SUPPLY

LEVEL 65-66(HOTEL)

金茂大厦 jin mao tower54金茂大厦 jin mao tower

AHU SPECIFICATIONS

OFFICE TOWER AHU SCHEDULE

HOTEL AHU SCHEDULEUNIT LOCATION SERVICE CAPACITY (LPS) DESIGN BASICS WHEEL TYPEOAS 7 L 52 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY GUEST RM L 58-72 13150 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 30 AFOAS 8 L 52 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY GUEST RM L 58-72 7780 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 MIXED FLOWOAS 9 L 52 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY SUPPORT L 53-57 23100 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 50 MIXED FLOW

OAS 10 PH 1 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY GUEST RM L 73-85 10870 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 25 MIXED FLOWOAS 11 PH 1 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY GUEST RM L 73-85 9430 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 MIXED FLOW

S 53 L 53 SUPPLY HOTEL SERVICES AND BAR 9080 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 MIXED FLOWS 54 L 53 SUPPLY SKY LOBBY 13480 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 30 MIXED FLOWS 55 L 55 SUPPLY RESTAURANT 10380 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 25 MIXED FLOWS 56 L 56 SUPPLY RESTAURANT 10380 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 25 MIXED FLOWS 57 L 57 SUPPLY HEALTH CLUB 5660 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 15 MIXED FLOW

LRS 1 LL 1 SUPPLY LAUNDRY 9440 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 MIXED FLOWKS1-2 L 51/52 SUPPLY KITCHEN L 53,54,56 N/A TRANE CENTRIFUGAL

UNIT LOCATION SERVICE CAPACITY (LPS) DESIGN BASICS WHEEL TYPELS 1 L2 TOWER LOBBY SUPPLY AIR 4100 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 10 AXIAL

OAS 1,2,3 L2 TOWER OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY L 3-26 13480 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 30 AXIALOAS 4,5,6 L52/52 OUTDOOR AIR SUPPLY L 27-50 13480 DRAW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 3,4,5,6 L 3-6 SUPPLY AIR L 3-6 8118 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIAL

S 7-14 L 7-14 SUPPLY AIR L 7-14 8109 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 16,17 L 16-17 SUPPLY AIR L 16-17 8109 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 18-22 L 18-22 SUPPLY AIR L 18-22 7896 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 23-29 L 23-29 SUPPLY AIR L 23-29 7896 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 30-40 L 30-40 SUPPLY AIR L 30-40 7356 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIALS 41-50 L 41-50 SUPPLY AIR 41-50 7356 BLOW-THRU UNIT SIZE 20 AXIAL


CHAPTER 7: ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSPOWER RISERS


PHASE 8: ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSFour sets of 35 KV/6.3 KV transformers with a capacity of 48,000 KVA handle two separate incoming power lines from the city grid, which provide enough power for daily operation (two of the four are for emergency substitution). In addition, there are three efficient 1,600-KW diesel-fueled generators for emergency supply. Office section lighting (20VA/squ m) and power (30VA/squ m) provide illumination above 450-500 LUX and meet VDT international standard.

LOWER LEVEL POWER SUPPLY & TRANSFORMATION

main power supply

power supplied up

to 51/52 mechanical

room

TM2B

TM2A

TM1B

TM1A

switchgears

6.3 kV35 kV

T4A

T4B

T5A

T5B

T6A

T6B

T7B

transformers

power supplied up

to lower level 1

power supplied up

to 51/52 mechanical

room

LEVEL 51/52

LOWER LEVEL 2

T1A

T2A

T3A

T1B

T2B

T3B

substations

T1A

T2A

T1B

substationssubstationssubstations T3Asubstations

Bus duct system: Bus duct is an enclosed metal unit containing copper or aluminum busbars for distribution of large amounts of power between components of the distribu-tion system. Bus duct is used for the effective and efficient supply of electricity in mostly industrial locations. Copper or aluminum is used for the conductor of bus duct that can be insulated and enclosed completely for protection against mechanical damage and dust accumulation. A bus duct system is an effective method of distributing power to Jin Mao switchgear and various

loads.


3000 amp lighting receptacle plug-in busway

LEVEL 8

LEVEL B3

LEVEL B2

LEVEL B1

LEVEL 1

emergency lighting distrtribution panel on B2

elevatorcontrols

(continued to level 9)

switchgears

emergency power

concert hall lighting

to transformer to transformer

4000 amp lighting receptacle plug-in buswayB2EDL3

B2EDL2

B2EDL3

B2EDL1

B3C B3B B3A

B2AB2BB2CB2D

EMERGENCY BUS (100A) BUS (225A) BUS (225A)

GROUND

MECHANICAL FEEDER

MCC

B1EP1

POWER RISER: LOWER LEVELS (LEVELS B3 TO 7)


LEVEL 8

LEVEL 10

LEVEL 20

LEVEL 30

LEVEL 40

LEVEL 50


substations

LEVEL 51

3000 amp lighting receptacle plug-in

busway

LEVEL 34switch in direction at level 34

to B2B & B2E



EMERGENCY BUS (100A) BUS (200A) BUS (225A)MECHANICAL FEEDER

3A

GROUND

2A1B3B1A2BEM3EM2EM1

POWER RISER: OFFICE (LEVELS 8 TO 51)



EMERGENCY

ELEVATORBUS HVAC BUS (100/50A) BUS (225A)

3A2A1B3B1A2BEM3EM2EM1

GROUND

elevatorcontrols

ELEVATORBUS


LEVEL 51

LEVEL 52

LEVEL 60

LEVEL 70

LEVEL 80

LEVEL 86

POWER RISER: HOTEL (LEVELS 51 TO ROOF)


SOURCES


SOURCESKorista et al., 1998 Korista, D.S., Sarkisian, M.P., Abdelrazaq, A.K., 1998. Design and construction of China's tallest building: the Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Hong Kong, vol. 1, pp. 139–144.

Zhang and Shi, 2000 G.L. Zhang and L.W. Shi, The Jin Mao Building: Decision, Design and Construction, China Architecture and Building Press, China (2000).

Consultation w/ Dr. Michael Kim & Mr. Jeff Kansler, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010.

STANDARDSAAMA 501.1 “Standard Test Methods for Metal Curtain Walls or Water Pressure Using Dynamic Pressure.”

AAMA 501.2 “Field Check For Metal Curtain Walls For Water Leakage.”

AAMA 501.3 “Field of Water Penetration Through Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Door by Uniform Air Pressure Difference.”

ASTM E283 “Test Method of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors.”

ASTM E330 “Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference.”

ASTM E783 “Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors.”

ASTM E90 “Method For Laboratory measurement of Airborne-Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions.”

SOURCESChapter 8: Principles of Enclosure Systems. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

Chapter 12: Curtain Wall Systems. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

Consultation w/ Dr. Michael Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 2010.

SOURCESImage: Shell & Tube Heat Exchange. http://www.secshellandtube.com/images/st-pic2x400-index.jpg

Image: Plate & Frame Heat Excahange.http://wcrbenelux.nl/site/images/stories/WCR/Information_PHE_top.gif

Chapter 20: Principles of Mechanical Systems. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

Chapter 21: Mechanical System I: Heating & Refrigeration Subsystem. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

SOURCESChapter 21: Mechanical System I: Heating & Refrigeration Subsystem. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

Chapter 22: Mechanical System II: Space Conditioning Subsystem. Dr. Michael Kim. March 2010.

SOURCESChapter 23: Principles of Electrical Systems. Dr. Michael Kim. April 2010.

Chapter 24: Electrical System Integration. Dr. Michael Kim. April 2010.

Consultation w/ Dr. Michael Kim, University of Illinois at

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