» location: valley of mexico near what we call today mexico city! » arrived in the 1100’s »...
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Early Civilizations of Latin America
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Rise of the Aztecs
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Aztec & Incan Empires
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The Aztec Civilization
» Location: Valley of Mexico near what we call today Mexico City!
» Arrived in the 1100’s » Wandered about looking for a home site
until 1325 » 1325- settled on a small island in the
middle of Lake Texcoco and built Tenochtitlan
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Tenochtitlan
(Fact 1box)
» Created in the center of a lake!˃ built floating islands called “chinampas” by piling rich earth
from the bottom of the lake onto rafts ˃ made of wood, roots of plants grew down to bottom,
anchoring the rafts
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Expanding the Aztec Empire…
» (Fact #2 box)
» 1400’s Warriors began conquering other people ˃ made them pay taxes˃ noble Aztecs grew rich
» Had an emperor. Nobles and priests helped emperor—all were very wealthy
» Not everyone was rich—most people were farmers
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Aztec Religion
» Cities were religious centers. Aztecs worshipped their gods in pyramid-shaped temples.
» Sacrifices were an important part of the religious ceremonies meant to honor the gods.
» Polytheistic (worshipped many gods): Sun, Death, Maize, Rulers, Rain, etc.
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Aztec Temple
» Instead of tearing down old temples, Aztec would just keep adding levels to the existing one.
» This one was built over 6 times!
» Rooms for sacrificing are at the top.
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Aztec human sacrifice was on a greater scale than anywhere or any time in human history.
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Aztec Accomplishments» 1- Doctors developed thousands of medicines
from plants.» 2- Astronomers predicted movements of the
planets; designed an accurate calendar!» 3- Priests kept extensive records using
hieroglyphics. » Schools: Boys studied either religion or
military skills; Girls learned cloth spinning and cooking.
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Rise of the Inca
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Rise of the Inca» Location: Cuzco- village in the Andes.
Now modern day Peru.» 1200 AD, Incas settled in Cuzco» Most were farmers.» 1438 AD, Pachacuti became ruler of the
Incas and conquered more lands/people
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Rise of the Inca
» Fact #1 box: ˃ Empire stretched 2,500 miles ˃ ruled 12 million people ˃ used runners to spread news—at a rate of 250 miles a
day!
» Fact #2 box:˃ Created terraces to create more farmland on
the mountains!
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Inca Empire•Cuzco is the capital city
•The jaguar was an important symbol to the Incans.
•Cuzco (capital city) was built in the shape of a jaguar!
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Incan Religion
» Polytheistic like the Aztecs. ˃ Main god was the sun god
» Sacrifice was a big part—usually a white llama was used.
» Believed in reincarnation
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Incan Accomplishments˃Excellent farmers!
+ Used terracing+ Developed a large variety of foods+ discovered ways to store and preserve food
potato was a staple food (due to it being able to grow in the high altitudes of the Andes)
+ other foods: tomatoes, maize, lima beans, peppers, grains
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Accomplishment #2» Builders:˃ built more than 19,000 miles of roads –most
over mountains!˃ Built canals and aqueducts to carry water to
dry areasAn aqueduct—pipe or channel designed to carry water to a distant source; irrigates dry land
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More accomplishment 2
» Inca ruins are some of the most impressive architecture in the world.˃ They cut stone with such
precisions that each block fit exactly with its neighbor.
˃ Fit was so tightly, even a knife wouldn’t fit in the cracks
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Accomplishment #3» Great Managers:˃ Counted people so they could tax them and make
money˃ Had a system of math and accounting---Incas were
the wealthiest of the natives in the New World!!!
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» Let’s go to Machu Picchu» Machu Picchu