magzine punjab worksheet 1 geography-1

7/23/2019 .. Magzine Punjab WorkSheet 1 Geography-1

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CIVILSERVICESEXAM PRELIMSGS PUNJABGK

GEOGRAPHYOFPUNJAB

GEOGRAPHICALANDAGROCLIMATICREGIONS, RIVER, WATERRESOURCES, SHARINGOFWATER,

DEMOGRAPHICS, HUMANDEVELOPMENTINDICES.

1. GEOGRAPHICALANDAGROCLIMATICREGIONS

INTRODUCTION

Punjab, the grain bowl of I!"#is situated on the North West part of India.

LOCATION

o Latitude 29'30" N to 32'32" N

o Longitude 73'55" E to 76'50" E

G$o%'(")#* A&$# + -,/0 2. 34 = 1.54% of the total geographical area of India.

o Rural Area 48265 (96!

o rban Area 2097 (4!

o #ore$t$ Area3058 (6!

A5$%$ $*$5#6"o + -- 4$6&$from the mean sea leel

15th most populated state in India. 1!th largest state in the countr" in terms of area. S6#6$ B"&! %a& (Ea$tern o$aw) *tate

A"4#* %la+) %u+) (,ala iran!S6#6$ 6&$$ *i$a- (+alled 'tali' in .un/abi!

PHYSIOGRAPHYOFPUNJAB

#he $ord Punjab is a combination of t$o P$&"# $ords, Purif meaning &e and 7##87 meaning

$ater.

Punjab means the *#! of 95$ 4#:o& &"5$& +S;6*$:, B$#, R#5", J($*;4 and C($#8.

'ost of the land of Punjab is fertile $ith alluial plain and irrigated b" canals.

Punjab(s arid southern border edges touches the #har, or )reat Indian, *esert. #hus, the south+east

region being semi+arid and desert landscapes.

#he i$ali- ange rises sharpl" in the north of the state.

/ belt of s$elling hills e0tends along the northeast at the foot of the imala"as.

Punjab tails under seismic 2ones 3 1, , and 4.

ones 6 and are referred to as 7o$ *amage is- one $hile 2one I8 referred to as high damage

ris- 2one.

SOILSOFPUNJAB

So"* )(#)6$&"6") #&$ "6$6 8= 6($ 6o'o%'(=,

5$%$6#6"o #! '#&$6 &o)3.

8ariation in soil characteristics are much 4o&$ '&oo;)$! 8$)#;$ of 6($ &$%"o#*

)*"4#6") !"?$&$)$.REGIONALDIVISIONS

Punjab is diided into three distinct regions on the basis of soil t"pes.

NIMBUS ACADEMY FOR IAS: SCO 223, Top Floor, Sector 36-D, Chandigarh.

Phone: 0172-07!310, "o#:. $2160-6!310.

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e two -a/or ri1er$ %ea$ and *utle/ owing in te nortern al o te $tate di1ide

te $tate into te$e tree region$

#he regions are9

O CENTRALPUNJAB

O EASTERNPUNJAB

O SOUTH@WESTERNPUNJAB

A. MAJHA(MIDDLE=CENTRALPUNJAB)

'ajha, means middle, is the traditional name gien to the :6($ C$6* P;:#8.

istoricall", 'ajha region $as the central part of the undiided Punjab comprising 6($ '*#"

*="% 6o 6($ o&6( of &"5$& S;6*$:.

'ajha region in Punjab starts north$ard from the $estern ban- of rier ;eas and stretches up to

the boundar" bet$een India and Pa-istan.

#his region comprises /mritsar, )urdaspur, Pathan-ot and #arn #aran districts in the north

$estern part of Punjab.

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/rea -a)e$ u te -a/orit o te .un/ab region +on$i$ting o :4 di$tri+t$and has the

most fertile land.

Ko fo& '&o!;)6"o of )o66o #! (o&6");*6;* )&o', especiall" )innow, the citrus fruit

of North India.

??.?% of total area of Punjab

PHYSICALFEATURES

#he tate is endo$ed $ith $4" (;4"! 6o $4" #&"! )*"4#6") )o!"6"o.

#he south$est monsoon brings in ma0imum of the rainfall to the tate during >ul" to mid

eptember.

A1erage annual rainall ; 4356 --

#he tate of Punjab has been classi&ed into #%&o@)*"4#6") o$on the basis of

o homogeneit",

o rainfall pattern,

o distribution,

o soil te0ture,

o cropping patterns.

e$e &one$ are di1ided or angeti+ .lain$Region a$ below?

A. THEZONE-I (KANDIAREA)

7ocated in the foothills of hiali- ills and is characteri2ed b" sub mountainous undulating


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plains.

eceies an aerage annual rainfall of more than 1@@@ mm.

#he rain$ater runoA is er" high at the upper hills, leading to Boods and hea" soil erosion.

#his region is dominated b" padd"Cmai2e crop culture in -harif season and $heat cultiation in

abi season.

Irrigation facilities are comparatiel" less deeloped in this part.

B. THEZONE-II (CENTRALPLAINS)

Dharacteri2ed b" fertile plain lands.

It has a $ell+-nit irrigation s"stem and has increased coerage of area under high "ielding

arieties.

Donsumption of chemical fertili2ers and cropping intensit" is highest in this 2one.

Padd" and $heat are dominant crops in this 2one.

#he padd"+$heat crop rotation has adersel" aAected the soil health as $ell as the underground

$ater table in the region.

#he depleting $ater table has forced the farmers to install submersible pumps thus further

pushing up cost of cultiation.

C. THEZONE-II (SOUTHWESTERNZONE)

no$n as the cotton belt of the tate.

#his region is prone to $ater logging and its ground $ater Eualit" is saline and un&t for

irrigation.

;ecause of this there is decline in productiit" of cotton attributed to $ater logging problems

and menace of pests, this important -harif crop is being graduall" replaced $ith long grain

ariet" padd".

#he shift from cotton to padd" has led to increased soil salinit", lesser percolation of $ater and

the resultant high humidit" has manifested increased insect population.


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o$

A%&o C*"4#6") o$ D"6&")6 Co5$&$!

I S;8 4o;6#"o; o$o& K#!" #&$# )urdaspur, Pathan-ot, oshiarpur F opar

II C$6* A**;5"#* o$o& C$6* P*#" /mritsar, #arn #aran, apurthala, >alandhar, 7udhiana, Patiala,'ohali, aheed ;hagat ingh Nagar, ;arnala F angrur

III So;6($& D&= o$ ;athinda, Garid-ot, Gero2epur, Ga2il-a, 'ansa, Gatehagarh ahib,'oga and 'u-tsar.

CLIMATE

#he 6(&$$ 4#:o& $#oin Punjab are9

O SUMMER

#he climate of the plains is e0cessiel" hot and dr" bet$een /pril and /ugust,

$ith temperatures as high as 4!H D.

In >une the aerage temperature is 4H D occasionall" climbing as high as 45H D.

O RAINY

#he rains of the monsoon season begin at the end of >une and continue till

/ugust. /nnual rainfall ranges from about !15 mm in the north to 1@6 mm in the

south.

O WINTER

Winters are cool $ith some frosts. #he aerage temperature in >anuar" is 1H D,

although at night the temperature sometimes lo$ers to free2ing.

/nnual aerage rainfall ranges from 165@ mm in the north to 5@ mm in the south$est.

'ore than ul" to

eptember.

0. RIVER, WATERRESOURCES, SHARINGOFWATER

DRAINAGE

Punjab is situated bet$een the great s"stems of the Indus and )anges riers.

/fter partition of Indian in 1!4:960 re$tri+ted @ndia$ rigt$ o u$age to

onl tree Ea$tern ri1er$ (*utle/ Ra1i and %ea$! te tree


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u$ te @ndian .un/ab wa$ let wit onl tree ri1er$>*utle/ %ea$ and Ra1i ater

artition

SUTLEJ

o It rises on the north slope of the imala"as in L#3$ L#%# in south$estern #ibet, and

crosses imachal Pradesh before beginning its Bo$ through the Punjab plain

near 'engel.

o Dont inuing south$est$ard in a broad channel, it receies the ;eas ier at H#&"3$ and

forms a part of the India+Pa-istan border before entering Pa-istan at S;*$"4#3" and

joins the Dhenab ier $est of ;aha$alpur to form P#:#!, the lin- bet$een the Gie

iers and the Indus.

BEAS

o ier has a er" short course rising from S$# K;! near ohtang Pass in imachal to

its conBuence $ith utlej. ier ai originates in the imala"as in the Dhamba

district of imachal Pradesh follo$ing a north+$esterl" course. It turns to the south+

$est, near *alhousie, + and then cuts a gorge in the *haola *har range entering the

Punjab plain near M#!(o';&. it then Bo$s along the Indo+Pa- border for some distance

before entering Pa-istan and joining the Dhenab ier. n the southern margins of

Punjab runs a seasonal rier G(#%%#& $hich is belieed to be same as 8edic rier

aras$ati.

DRAINAGE

Punjab does hae a er" $ell deeloped and interlin-ed rier s"stem and $idespread 145@@ -ms

long Danal "stems.

PRE-INDEPENDENCECONSTRUCTION

o Donstruction of upper ;ari *oab Danal from rier ai at 'adhopur,

o irhind Danal from rier utlej at opar,

o Jastern Danal F ;i-aner Danal from rier utlej at ussaini$ala

POSTINDEPENDENCECONSTRUCTION

o 'ultipurpose project ;ha-ra *am on rier utlej,

o Pong *am on rier ;eas,

o ;eas utlej 7in- Project and anjit sagar *am on rier ai


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o Nangal "del Dhannel,

o /nandpur ahib "del Dhannel,

o ;ha-ra Danal "stem,

o 'u-erian "del Dhannel,

o hah Nehan ;arrage,

o ari-e ;arrage etc.

. DEMOGRAPHICS HUMANDEVELOPMENTINDICES


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Punjab is the home for 6.

magzine punjab worksheet 1 geography-1

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