BELL RINGER – 10/2 m.socrative.com – Room 38178 OR Bell

Ringer Card

QUESTION: Name 2 artworks that were

commissioned by the Medici Family (2 artworks that they had created).

From the video! If you get stuck, look at the artworks you

had to know for your last quiz and think of which ones you saw created in the videos…

RENAISSANCE MUSIC

RENAISSANCE MUSIC Introduction Lots of definitions (with modern examples) Renaissance composers and music examples

INTRODUCTION TO RENAISSANCE MUSIC The early Renaissance was almost exclusively a time of visual art and

architecture, music came later

The existence of the Academy in Florence, and its interest in things classical, encouraged much speculation and interest among the scholars of Florence Initially just visual art, but did have a School of Music

Music was an important part of Florentine life

School of music at the Academy attracted performers from all over Europe and made Florence the center of musical change

INTRODUCTION TO RENAISSANCE MUSIC Profound interest in the music of the Greeks and the

role of music in society as expressed in the writings of Plato and Aristotle

Aristotle saw music as contributing to moral order Music helps makes a person complete

INTRODUCTION TO RENAISSANCE MUSIC Included a variety of textures

Monophony, Homophony, Polyphony, & 4-Part Harmony

Wide Range (higher highs, lower lows) Trained musicians/performers

Emphasis on the text – word painting, imitation

Distinct vocal and instrumental styles Vocal music was still more important than instrumental

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - MONOPHONY Monophony – one single melodic line

One note at a time One singer singing solo Multiple singers all singer the exact same pitches at the

exact same time One person playing an instrument (only one note at a time

– if playing an instrument like a piano or guitar and that one person hits two notes, it’s NOT monophonic)

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - MONOPHONY Modern Example

Whitney Houston - I Will Always Love You

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - HOMOPHONY Homophony – Multiple lines do the same things

(move up or down together, play at the same time) but are on different pitches

One line assisting another – dependent on each other

If singing, words occur at the same time

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - HOMOPHONY Modern Examples

Jason Aldean & Kelly Clarkson “Don’t You Want to Stay?” Fun “Some Nights”

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - POLYPHONY Polyphony – two melodic lines that are independent

of each other

Lines are NOT dependent on each other – different things happening at once

VARIETY OF TEXTURES - POLYPHONY Modern Examples

Jason Mraz “I’m Yours”

NSYNC “Tearin Up My Heart”

EMPHASIS ON THE TEXT – WORD PAINTING Vocal music becomes increasingly intent on

expressing text

Word painting: enhances the meaning and emotion of written text by “painting” the words in the music Examples: on the word “high” would sing a high note; if

singing about a descent, the notes would go down, etc.

MODERN WORD PAINTING EXAMPLES Garth Brooks: “Friends in Low Places”

Listen: http://youtu.be/p29wEZSwUVM?t=45s

Justin Timberlake: “What Goes Around” Listen: http://youtu.be/NIaiXmm1H0o?t=1m35s

TONS of examples in popular music!

EMPHASIS ON THE TEXT - IMITATION Polyphonic music included a lot of imitation

Imitation: an exact or near exact repeat in another voice/part. Similar to an echo, but the parts overlap Similar to singing in a “round”

MODERN IMITATION EXAMPLES Jason Mraz & Colbie Callet: “Lucky”

Coldplay: “Paradise”

SACRED MUSIC & COMPOSERS

SACRED MUSIC The Papal chapel continued as one of the central

musical forces in Europe

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1526-94) Director of Julian Chapel Choir from 1551-1555 Then became a singer in the choir Began to compose for the papal chapel Because he was married, he was forced to leave his post

Pope Paul IV imposed a stricter discipline in choral appointments

PALESTRINA Exclusively vocal and almost totally liturgical

Wrote 105 masses and became the most celebrated composer of his time

Most famous piece: Pope Marcellus Mass Pope Marcellus was pope when Palestrina sang in the choir

PALESTRINA – POPE MARCELLUS MASS Polyphonic texture

Lots of imitation

Written for 6 voices a cappella (without instruments)

Each section ends with all voices coming together on sustained chords

PALESTRINA – POPE MARCELLUS MASS

PALESTRINA – POPE MARCELLUS MASS Listen and follow music

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n8XdKkrqgo

SECULAR MUSIC

SECULAR MUSIC – THE MADRIGAL Madrigal: setting of lyric poetry for multiple voices

Secular music written for multiple parts

Existed during an explosion of Italian poetry

Normally comprised a text of 3-14 lines arranged in a rhyme scheme of the poet’s choosing

The musical setting emphasized the mood and meaning of individual words and phrases of the text rather than formal structure

SECULAR MUSIC – THE MADRIGAL Composed for anywhere from 3-8 parts

Before 1650, the four part texture was preferred

Often sung by solo voices – one per part

Occasionally, an instrument would substitute for one of the voices or double a part

The Madrigal was the dominant form of secular music in Italy and the rest of Europe

FOUR-PART HARMONY IN THE RENAISSANCE Great independence in the lower lines

It was normal for all parts to imitate each other using measured rhythm

Voices came together only at the ends of sections

FOUR-PART HARMONY: EXAMPLES Renaissance Example: Dufay's “Nuper rosarum flores

”

The “Barbershop Quartet” Crossroads - 2009 International Champion

Christmas Carol Carol of the Bells

JOSQUIN DES PREZ 1440-1521

Trained in Milan, Rome, and Florence

Compared to Michelangelo, in music “father of musicians”

Wrote about 70 secular songs of a light, homophonic nature

JOSQUIN DES PREZ Wrote his masses polyphonically

Imitation was a huge structural feature

New idea – he would repeat sections of music An opening section (A) would be followed by new material

(B) and then restated in the third section (A) ABA Form

JOSQUIN DES PREZ Ave Maria… Virgo Serena

A short melodic phrase begins in the soprano voice Then the alto, tenor, and bass voices imitate the soprano line

The next line of text employs a different melody, again with imitation

Each voice enters in the middle of the phrase by the previous voice

Some changes in meter, some agitation at certain phrases to reflect the text

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Musical instruments rose above their old role of merely reinforcing

voice parts, and instrumental music finally developed an independence from vocal music in the late part of the Renaissance

Previously, instruments tended to accompany voices or to play music originally intended for voice

In the 16th century, more music was written for instruments by themselves, and music was written to exploit the qualities of individual instruments

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC –INSTRUMENTS Soft, indoor instruments:

Lute Recorder (early flute)

Loud, outdoor instruments: Trumpet Shawm (similar to today’s oboe)

The same work might be played my multiple combinations of instruments Composers didn’t specify what group of instruments they wanted to play, just how many

parts The same piece could be played by a recorder, trumpet, and harp, and then later by a

lute, shawm, and organ.

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC - EXAMPLE Greensleeves – Renaissance Version

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVWhxoIkHtY&feature=related