Chapter 8:The Islamic World, Section 3:

Islamic Rulers in India

TweetyWorld History

Period5

A. Change Comes To India

Muslim Gain Control Islam invaded who

entered India carried off Hindu art, jewels, gold, silver, and slaves. One of the cruelest was an Afghan ruler, or sultan, named Mahmud of Ghazi.

He invaded India at least 17times .In 1024 Mahmud led his forces into the town Somnath.

He robbed the Hindu temple of its treasure an carried off the town.

A. Change Comes To India

Extending the Delhi Sultanate› The Delhi Sultanate soon

became famous as a center of Islam. One of Qutb ud-Aibak’s first acts as sultan was to destroy the Hindu temples in northern India.

› Then, he sent out forces to convert Hindus to Islam. Hindus who would not accept Islam had to pay additional taxes.

› Others were imprisoned or sold as slaves. With the wealth gained from trade and taxes, Qutb ud-Aibak and later sultans maintained lavish courts.

A. Change Comes To India

Hindu-Muslim Differences› Muslims and Hindus were

uneasy neighbors in India. Conflicts developed when many of India’s Hindus had to choose between converting to Islam and being killed or taken into slavery.

› The beliefs of the two group were so different that their culture did not blend easily.

› Music played an important part in Hindu religious ceremonies. Some strict Muslims, however, condemned the use of music and dance in religious ceremonies.

B. The Delhi Sultanate is Destroyed

B. The Delhi Sultanate is Destroyed › Tamerlane, a Mongol nomad, invaded India in 1398

B. The Delhi Sultanate is Destroyed

Tamerlane Captures Delhi› Stories of Tamerlane’s

cruelty spread terror throughout the region. Everywhere he went, he left death and destruction behind. However, after collecting his riches, Tamerlane left as quickly as he had come.

› . He led a cavalry of almost 100,000 men into Delhi and nearly destroyed the city.

› It took Delhi more than 100 years to recover from his army’s attacks.

B. The Delhi Sultanate is Destroyed

Other Attacks by Tamerlane› Tamerlane set out to establish

control in the Middle East and central Asia. When cities rebelled against his rule, he destroyed, them, killed all the people, and made a tower of their skulls. In 1399, he advanced into Egypt.

› He destroyed Aleppo and Damascus in Syria. In 1401, he captured Baghdad, killed 20,000 people, and destroyed all its monuments.

› Then, in 1405, on his way to invade China, Tamerlane died

C. Mughal Empire Mughal Empire

› The Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, brought about many accomplishments and reforms.

C. Mughal Empire

Origins of the Mughal Empire› In 1526, an Islamic chief

in northwestern India asked Babur to help him put down a Hindu rebellion.

› Babur's conquered not only the rebels but also the chief who asked him for help.

› Babur nicknamed the ,Tiger , founded what is considered to be the greatest of the Islamic.

C. Mughal Empire

The Rule of Akbar› Babur’s grandson, Akbar,

took over the empire in 1556, when he was only 13 years old.

› Many consider him the greatest Mughal ruler. His empire covered two-third of south Asia, most of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and north and central India.

› During his reign, he created a strong central government and earned the title Akbar the Great.

C. Mughal Empire

Akbar’s Successors › Akbar was

succeeded by his son Jahangir, who ruled from 1605 to 1627.

› Political stability, excellent economic activity , and superb painting and architecture made him a popular ruler.

› His wife, Nur Jahan, ruled in his place for the last 16 years of his reign.

C. Mughal Empire

The Religion of the Sikhs› A new religion arose in

India at this time. The Sikh religion began as a movement to combine the Hindu and Islamic religions.

› The founder of the Sikh religion was Guru Nanak, born in 1469 into Hindu family.

› Guru Nanak composed hymns that a Muslim friend put to music.

C. Mughal Empire Decline of the Mughal

Empire› There were a number of

factors that led to the decline of the Mughal Empire.

› One reason was that Akbar’s successors did not understand the importance of Hindu and Muslim harmony.

› As the Mughal Empire collapsed, the foreigners began to gain more and more power over trouble India’s affairs.

Hindu

The word Hindu came from the word Shindhu which meant those who lived on the other side of the Indus river.

Lavish courts

large, generous, expensive, "over-the-top", excessive