New Imperialism-colonial expansion of European Powers throughout the 19-20th centuries

Nationalism-the primary belief that one’s nation is above all others

Industrialization-a period where a society changes from a agrarian society to a industrial one, social change and economic development are closely intertwined with technological innovation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA&feature=player_embedded#!

Berlin Conference ..1884-1885 seeks to regulate occupation of territory

France, Britain, Germany and Portugal are key members of the meeting

They remap Africa into 50 colonial zones and do not consider culture or language

They do agree to universally end the slave trade in Africa

“I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and that the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. Just fancy, those parts that are at present inhabited by the most despicable specimens of human beings, what an alteration there would be if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence.”

Cecil Rhodes How does the above quote

demonstrate ethnocentrism?

The White Man's Burden, Rudyard Kipling, 1899   Take up the White Man's burden--

Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden--The savage wars of peace--Fill full the mouth of FamineAnd bid the sickness cease;And when your goal is nearestThe end for others sought,Watch sloth and heathen FollyBring all your hopes to nought.

The Brown Man's Burden by Henry Labouchère The Brown Man's Burden was first

published in the London magazine, Truth, and republished in Literary Digest (Feb. 1899).

  …….Pile on the brown man's burden;And, if ye rouse his hate,Meet his old-fashioned reasonsWith Maxims up to date.With shells and dumdum bulletsA hundred times made plainThe brown man's loss must everImply the white man's gain.

Pile on the brown man's burden,compel him to be free;Let all your manifestoesReek with philanthropy.And if with heathen follyHe dares your will dispute,Then, in the name of freedom,Don't hesitate to shoot.

Pile on the brown man's burden,And if his cry be sore,That surely need not irk you--Ye've driven slaves before.Seize on his ports and pastures,The fields his people tread;Go make from them your living,And mark them with his dead.

Cinchona, or quinine bark –used for the prevention of malaria.

Early machine guns

Steam ships

Spread of European political and economic

domination throughout the globe

Spread of European political and economic

domination throughout the globe 1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface

Spread of European political and economic

domination throughout the globe 1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface 1878: 67% of the earth’s surface

Spread of European political and economic

domination throughout the globe 1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface 1878: 67% of the earth’s surface 1914: 85% of the earth’s surface

Considering the present-day borders of Africa, what impact might occur when eventual independence comes to African countries?

An ethnic boundary issue

Transition to self rule during a time of turmoil…

Anti-colonialism poster which translates – Africa, In fight for Freedom.

During the years after WWII, communism and socialism was also spreading across the globe. Above is a pro-communism propaganda poster.

Flag of Mozambican Liberation Front – Only flag to have an AK47. A new flag was chosen the country after a national contest in 2005 but this flag is still used today.

After two world wars, European countries questioned the cost of keeping colonies… A time of Liberation

The Beginning World War I

All European nations with African colonies were involved

At the end of the war Germany had to give up all African holdings; most of which fell under British control

World War II Although European conflicts caused fighting in

North Africa there was very little unrest against colonist rulers

African Nationalism WWII changed the world by colonial

powers unwilling to change Growth of African middle class Urbanization; revolt against working for

low wages in rural jobs controlled by colonial powers

Included people of African descent from around the world

Two Goals: Wanted to end European control of Africa Desired equality for people of African

descent living in Africa and all other continents

First Conference: 1919 a) The Allies administer the former German territories in Africa as a condominium on

behalf of the Africans who lived there. b) Africans should take part in governing their countries "as fast as their development

permits" until, at some unspecified time in the future, Africa is granted home rule. Second Conference: 1921 "England, with all her Pax Britannica, her courts of justice, established

commerce, and a certain apparent recognition of Native laws and customs, has nevertheless systematically fostered ignorance among the Natives, has enslaved them, and is still enslaving them, has usually declined even to try to train black and brown men in real self-government, to recognise civilised black folk as civilised, or to grant to coloured colonies those rights of self government which it freely gives to white men."

Third Conference: 1923 Third Conference 1921

Africa should be developed to benefit Africans and not Europeans West Africa should have responsible home rule

D. Fourth Conference 1927 Same resolutions

E. Fifth Conference 1945 MAJOR CONFERENCE