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OLH Unit 1

Introduction

+Words to Master antīqua, adj., ancient, old (antique)

et, conj., and; et…et, both…and

lāta, adj., broad, wide (latitude)

lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist)

māgna, adj., large, great (magnitude)

multa, adj., much; pl., many (multitude)

nōn, adv., not (nonentity)

puella, -ae, f., “girl”

pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude)

sed, conj., but

via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct)

villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)

+Sentence Patterns

Via est (is) via Rōmāna (Roman).

Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta.

Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta sed est pulchra.

Viae Rōmānae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt antīquae.

Multae villae Rōmānae sunt magnae et pulchrae.

Lingua Rōmāna est antīqua et pulchra.

Viae et villae et puellae Rōmānae sunt pulchrae.

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The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse.

The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful.

Many farmhouses are broad and large.

The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful.

The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.

+The Genitive Case

The possessive case

In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter -s, used as either as –’s or –s’ the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular) the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)

+Possessive Adjectives

mea: my

tua: your (sing.)

nostra: our

vestra: your (pl.)

+Person, Number, and Gender

Person 1st Person: I, we 2nd Person: you 3rd Person: he, she, it, they

Number Singular (1) Plural (more than 1)

Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter

+Words to Master

domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady”

fēmina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine)

incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony)

īnsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate)

lībera, adj. “free” (liberate)

paene, adv. “almost”; paenīnsula, -ae, f. “peninsula”

parva, adj., “small, little”

patria, -ae, f., “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate)

-que, conj. “and”

rēgīna, -ae, f. “queen”

serva, -ae, f., “female slave, handmaid” (servile)

terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)

+Sentence Patterns

Amērica, patria nostra, est terra lībera māgnaque.

Hibernia, terra lībera, est īnsula parva sed pulchra.

Īnsula tua, Ō Rēgīna, est pulchra et lībera!

Domina est incola Ītaliae; māgnae paenīnsulae.

Patria mea est paenīnsula; patria tua nōn est paenīnsula.

+Homework: Translate into Latin

The inhabitants of America are free.

Beautiful Italy is almost an island.

Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula.

The women of our native land are beautiful.

O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.

+Verbs A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin

sentence It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject

Linking Verbs Do not express feeling or action Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the

predicate *Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS

nominative and agree with the subject

Action Verbs Express action

Agreement A verb must agree with its subject in person (1st/2nd/3rd) and

number (singular/plural)

+Personal Endings

Singular Plural

1st Person -ō or -m (I) -mus (we)

2nd Person -s (you-s) -tis (you-pl)

3rd Person -t (he/she/it) -nt (they)

+Conjugation of the verb SUM “to be”

+SUM facts about SUM

Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate noun or adjective with the subject

The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and usually in gender and number

The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula. E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America

are large.

+Practice

Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__.

Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__.

Vit__ mea in silv__ magnā est libera.

Non sum puell__ parv__.

Estis amicae nostr__.

Sum fili__ laeta agricol__.

Es quoque amic__ naut__.

In cas__ sunt multae serv__.