الحاسوب و البرمجيات الجاهزة · operating systems (os): special type of...

املهارات األساسية

Course contentSection 1: Information and Communication Technology

Chapter 1: Hardware

Chapter 2: Software

Chapter 3: Data transfer and computer networks

Chapter 4: Information technology in our daily life

Chapter 5: Security and protection

9/5/2015 chapter 2/ lecture 3 2

Course content

Section 2: Prepackaged software

Chapter 8: Windows 7

Chapter 9: MS-Word 2007

Chapter10: MS-Excel 2007

Chapter12: MS-Power Point 2007


Section 1:

Information & Communication Technology

Chapter 2: Software

lecture 3


Software:-

The term Software refers to a set of programs and

instructions that the computer is turned on through them.

You can not deal with the computer without them. Where the

software controlling the hardware.

There are two types of software:


Operating Systems (OS):

Special type of software, are loaded automatically when you

turn on the computer. When IBM produced the first

generation of personal computers. Chose a small

programming company called Microsoft to design its

Operating System. Then it produced DOS (Disk Operating

System) and developed it until they reached for Windows.

Which is the most widely used in personal computers.

Examples of operating systems:

Dos, Windows, Linux, Unix, IBM OS/2 and Mac OS.


Functions of operating systems:

oOperating Computer.

o Represents interface linked between the user and the

computer.

oManagement of resources and tasks.

oMonitor the system.

o File management.

oMaintaining the confidentiality of the system.


Applications Software:

Software or Programs are written for the specific job and

you can use them after loading the operating system. Such as

word processing software, spreadsheet software, database

software, presentations software, desktop publishing

software, multimedia software and entertainment software.


Word processing: Such as (MS-Word)

Spreadsheets: Such as (MS-Excel)

Databases: Such as (MS-Access)

Desktop Publishing(DTP): Such as Adobe Photoshop

Presentations: Such as (MS-PowerPoint)

Web Browsing: Such as Internet Explorer

E-mailing Applications: Such as (MS-Outlook)

Photo Editing Software: Such as Adobe Photoshop

Computer Games: There are computers dedicated to

games such as (Play Station). It has (control units)

controllers dedicated to games and are not computers in

the strict sense.9/5/2015 chapter 2/ lecture 3 9

Interface:

The interface is the way in which the software user

communicates with the computer. Which is of two types:

Command Line Interface(CLI):

Where the user types the command fully through the

keyboard to appear on the screen. This method is old & slow.

Graphical User Interface(GUI):

Use pictures, icons and menus., Where the user selects the

required command or icon, by directing the mouse and click

on it to activate the command. This method is easy to access

the computer.


Accessibility Options:

Various operating systems provided features to enable

individuals with special needs to use the computer.

following are some available options to enhance the

possibilities of access:

Voice recognition:

Is a system that allows the user to enter data and orders for

the computer talking to it through the Microphone where it

understand the user’s talk and converts it into computer

language. This system is located within a field of computer

science fields called natural language processing which

are expensive and a lot of the determinants. There are

several types of this system: 9/5/2015 chapter 2/ lecture 3 11

Speaker Dependent System:

It is the strongest and famous, which can Differentiates

thousands of words because it keeps voice’s an accent, for

only one person, but it needs a lot of training sessions done by

the user on his computer.

Discrete Speech System :

Need that the user enters his Speaking slowly and patiently

with stop between each word and the another.

Continuous Speech System :

Allows the user to enter his speech naturally or normally.


Screen Reader:

A program that understands and interprets the data displayed

on the screen and then displays it to the user as a speech

form or sounds. Expensive and very useful for the blind.

Screen Magnifier:

A program displays the screen’s pane workplace maximized

so take all the screen space. Offers other features, such as

changing the colors to black and white and vice versa. Useful

for those suffering problems in vision.

On-Screen Keyboard:

Can be displayed on-screen keyboard supports all the features

of a normal keyboard. 9/5/2015 chapter 2/ lecture 3 13

Is used when a button of the keyboard or the keyboard

completely hang or crash.

Is used by people suffering problems in using a normal

keyboard, You can get rid of the looking to the keyboard and

only looking to the screen which reduces the pressure on the

eyes, neck and avoid headache.


الحاسوب و البرمجيات الجاهزة · operating systems (os): special type of...

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