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Organ Systems of the BodyChapter 4

+Organ

A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues that can perform a complex function

+System

A group of organs that perform more complex functions than an organ can by itself.

+Organ Systems of the Body

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Nervous

Endocrine

Cardiovascular

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Reproductive Male Female

+Integumentary System

Skin- largest and most important organ of this system

Accessory Structures Hair Nails Sweat Glands Oil-producing Glands Sense organs- respond to stimuli

+Skeletal System

Bones

Cartilage and Ligaments

+Muscular System

Muscles Voluntary Involuntary or

Smooth Cardiac

+Nervous System

Communication between body functions

Integration of body functions

Control of body functions

Recognition of sensory stimuli

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

+Endocrine System

Composed of specialized glands and cells that secrete hormones.

General functions: communication, integration, and control

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

+Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

Includes the heart and blood vessels

Primary function is transportation, however, it assists in maintaining body temperature

Certain blood cells are specialized and assist in the defense of the body or immunity

+Lymphatic System

Composed of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs such as tonsils, thymus, and spleen

Lymph- whitish, watery fluid that contains lymphocytes, proteins, and some fatty molecules

Function: Movement of fluids and certain

large molecules Immune system

+Respiratory System

Movement of air Alveoli- tiny, thin-walled sacs in lungs Warms and humidifies Filters

Gas exchange

+Digestive System

Primary Organs Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,

stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anal canal

Forms a continuous tube called the gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Accessory Organs Teeth, salivary glands, tongue,

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix

Proper digestions and absorption of nutrients

+Urinary System

Kidneys Clean the blood of waste products Maintain balance of electrolytes, water and acid-base (pH)

Urine Waste product produced by the kidneys

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

+Reproductive Systems

Gonads Testes: produce sperm

Genital Ducts Vas deferens

Accessory Organs prostate

Genitalia Penis Scrotum

Male

+Reproductive Systems

Female

Gonads Ovaries: produces eggs

(ova)

Accessory Organs Uterus, fallopian tubes,

vagina Breast and/or mammary

glands

Genitalia Vulva