© oxford university press, 2008. all rights reserved. 1 chapter 15 chapter 15 communities and...
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© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
CHAPTER 15
COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
INTRODUCTION
• Composition of communities
• Structure of communities
• Definition of ecosystem
• Dynamics of communities
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITIES
• Functional relationships between community members
• Using structure to define communities
• Structural terms of Australian plant communities
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
FUNCTION IN COMMUNITIES - 1
• Energy flow– Capture of solar energy (photosynthesis)– Transfer of energy
• Food chains• Food webs
• Productivity
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
FUNCTION IN COMMUNITIES - 2
• Material flow
• Capture of important nutrients
• Material cycles
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
DYNAMICS OF COMMUNITIES
• Serial changes
• Longer-term changes
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
MEASURING LAND COVER CHANGE
• Aerial photographs
• Remotely sensed images
• Ground truthing
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
MEASURING HUMAN IMPACT ON VEGETATION
• Long-term monitoring systems
• Sediment-based approach
© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved.1
Chapter 15
MANAGING NATIVE VEGETATION
• Reasons for conservation efforts
• Conflicts with the variety of land-use demands
• National Parks and Reserve systems
• Australia’s national obligations
• Regional approaches