UNIT 5

Unit 4 WARMUP #1Page 360-361 in the textbook-The Enduring Constitution TimelineAnswer the following questions.1.What event happened in 1947?2. When was the 25th Amendment ratified?3. How many times on the timeline has the 25th Amendment been invoked?4. Why do you think the 20th Amendment was passed?Hint-look at the year and think about what was going on in the country.Day 1 & 2 Vocabulary (10)Chief of StateChief ExecutiveChief of AdministratorChief of DiplomatCommander in ChiefChief LegislatorChief of PartyChief CitizenPresidential SuccessionPresidential Succession Act of 1947

UNIT 4THE PRESIDENT AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

STANDARD STANDARD 12

The student will analyze the various roles played by the President of the United States which include: Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, chief executive, chief agenda setter, representative of the nation (First Citizen), chief of state, foreign policy leader (Chief Diplomat) and chief of party1. Roles of the President- Chief of StateThe president is the official representative of the United States in all matters relating to our relations with other nations.If a foreign dignitary or diplomat is in a meeting with the President, he is talking to the United States, not just the man or woman who happens to be the President2. Roles of the President- Chief ExecutiveThe Constitution vests the executive power in the President and specifically orders the President to see that all laws are faithfully executedThe power to execute and enforce the law uses other powers to carry out this function like the ordinance power, the appointment power, and the removal power.**Remember- the presidents still has checks and balances2. Roles of the President- Chief ExecutiveOrdinance power

The Ordinance power comes from two different places-the Constitution and Congress. One of his tools for carrying out the ordinance power is an executive order-an order from the President that has the effect of a law passed by Congress and is reviewable by the Supreme Court2. Roles of the President- Chief ExecutiveThe Appointment PowerPresident appoints:Ambassadors & DiplomatsCabinet MembersHeads of Independent Agencies (like the EPA)All Federal JudgesAll Armed Forces OfficersPresidential appointments are confirmed by the senate2. Roles of the President- Chief ExecutiveThe Removal Power

In general, everyone in the executive departments works for the President so the President can ask them to resign or if they decline to do so, fire them.

This power is not absolute since executive departments are created by Congress and Congress can set limits on the presidents power to remove appointees.

This limit is usually applied to members of the boards that control independent regulatory agencies like FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) or the FTC (Federal Trade Commission). The Supreme Court has upheld limits on the Presidents power to remove this type of appointee3. Roles of the President- Chief Administrator The President administers the Executive Branch of the government-as of 2005 some 2.7 million people work for the President in the department and agencies that make up the executive branchIncluding members of the armed forces, the Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans.

4. Roles of the President- Chief DiplomatThe Presidents diplomatic powers are recognition and the use of executive agreementsRecognition- The President acknowledges the legal existence of a country & its governmentThe last use of this power was President Obama last year when he recognized South Sudan-before that the last was President Bush who recognized KosovoExecutive agreements-Pacts between the President & the head of a foreign state or their subordinates.Do not require Senate consent

5. Roles of the President-Commander-in-chief of the armed forcesThe Constitution says the President shall be the commander in chief of the armed forces of the United States.The President can send military forces essentially anywhere he wants and keep them as long as he wants.Congress, as a result of the Vietnam War passed the War Powers Resolution to limit the Presidents power but no president has recognized it as valid, nor has Congress tried to enforce itThe President cannot declare war, only ask Congress to declare it and we have not declared war on anyone since December of 19415. Roles of the President-Commander-in-chief of the armed forces

6. Roles of the President- Chief LegislatorWhile only Congress can pass a law, the President does have a couple of legislative powersThe State of the Union Address which the President is required to make, allows him to set out his agenda for the country and propose legislation.The President is also able to veto legislation passed by Congress and force them to override his veto. Roles of the President- Chief of PartyRoles not written in the Constitution....

Since the president is the highest elected office in the country, the sitting President is the acknowledged leader of his party and as such is required to participate in activities such as fundraising and endorsing candidates from his party for other elected positionsRoles of the President- Chief CitizenRoles not written in the Constitution....

The President is the representative of all the people of the United States.Good examples of this role are when the championship team visits the President at the White House.Unit 4 WARMUP #2Primary sources-page 364Read and answer the questions in the box at the end of the selection.STANDARDSTANDARD 13 **STUDENTS WILL DESCRIBE THE QUALIFICATIONS FOR BECOMING PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

**STUDENTS WILL DESCRIBE THE WRITTEN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE PRESIDENCY

**STUDENTS WILL EXPLAIN THE UNWRITTEN QUALIFICATIONS COMMON TO PAST PRESIDENTS

WRITTEN QUALIFICATIONS FOR BEING PRESIDENTARTICLE II, SECTION 5 OF THE CONSTITUTION STATESNo person except a natural born citizen of the United Statesshall be eligible to the office of the President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident of the United States. 3 Formal Qualifications

1. Be a natural-born citizen of the United States2. Must be at least 35 years old.Kennedy was the youngest at election-43Reagan was the oldest at 69Teddy was the youngest to obtain the office at 423. Must have lived in the U.S. for 14 years prior to electionHoover and Ike spent years outside the U.S.QUALIFICATIONS FOR VICE PRESIDENTThe office of Vice President was created to take over in case anything happened to the president, therefore they must meet the same qualifications as the President

Note it is incorrect to say there are no qualifications to be Vice President, they are just the same ones the President has to meet.UNWRITTEN QUALIFICATIONS SHARED BY PAST PRESIDENTS44 MEN HAVE BEEN PRESIDENT-NO WOMEN, YET.

OF THE 44, 43 HAVE HAD A COMMON RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION-PROTESTANT

OF THE 44, 43 HAVE BEEN CAUCASIAN.

MOST OF THE MEN ELECTED PRESIDENT HAVE BEEN MEMBERS OF THE UPPER LEVELS OF SOCIETY ,AT THE TIME OF THEIR ELECTION.

Presidential Term and Term Limits* The Constitution sets the presidents term at four years.

*In the original constitution there was no expressed limit on the number of terms a president could serve.

*A precedent was set of two terms beginning with George Washington and continuing through President Hoover.

*In 1940 with the election of Franklin Roosevelt to a third term the tradition was broken.

In 1944 FDR was elected to his 4th and final term.

Presidential TermHe shall hold his office during the term of four yearsArticle II, Section1Presidents Term and Term Limits22 Amendment was proposed in 1947 in response to the four terms of FDRIt limits the number of times a person can be elected to the Presidency to two ( 2).It also limits the number of terms a Vice-President can run for if he has finished out the Presidents term due to death or incapacity or removal.If the VP takes over with more than two years left, he can only run for one termIf he takes over with less than 2 years left he can run for two terms of his ownIn effect, it set a 10 year limit on the amount of time an individual can hold the office of presidentNo person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President , or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected shall be elected to the office of President more than once-Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951Presidents Salary$400K per year in office

After The Presidency

$200K per year for the rest of his/her lifePlus the former president receives office space and personnel as well as Secret Service protection for themselves and their immediate family.

Unit 4Warmup # 3Page 385-Closeup on the Supreme CourtRead the summary of Nixon v. Fitzgerald.Summarize the arguments made by both sides then turn to page 803 to see what the Supreme Court said.Do you agree or disagree with the ruling. Support your position.Day 3 & 4 Vocabulary (9)Executive OrderOrdinance PowerBureaucracyBureaucratAdministrationStaff AgencyLine AgencyExecutive Office of PresidentDomestic Affairs

Unit 4 WARMUP #4Face the Issues-page 398Read and answer the questions under Exploring the issues.Be prepared to discuss your responsesUnit 4 WARMUP #5Page 404- Closeup on primary sourcesRead about the Monroe Doctrine and answer the questions in the box at the end of the selection.

Day 5 & 6 Vocabulary (9)Executive DepartmentsSecretaryAttorney GeneralTreatyExecutive AgreementIndividual AgenciesIndependent Executive AgenciesIndependent Regulatory CommissionsGovernment Corporation

STANDARD 14The student will explain the impeachment process and its usage for elected officialsExplain the impeachment process as defined in the U.S. ConstitutionDescribe the impeachment proceedings of Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton

Impeachment - #5The President, Vice-President, and all Civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on Impeachment for and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery of other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Article II Sec.4

The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. Article 1 , Sec 5.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachmentsWhen the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. Article I, Sec. 3, clause 6Impeachment ProcessThe Constitutional process of impeachment is designed to remove from office elected officials who have engaged in conduct deemed to be criminal.The power of impeachment resides in the House of Representatives They must begin all impeachment proceedings by CHARGING an elected official with an impeachable offense such as treason or bribery or any other act a majority of the members of the House deem to be a High Crime or Misdemeanor. Once an impeachment is passed by the House, the Senate takes over as the trial court. The Senators are sworn in as the jury and unless the President is on trial, the Vice President presides. If the President is on trial the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides..A guilty verdict requires a 2/3 thirds vote of the SenatorsRemovalJudgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to the removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of Honor, Trust, or Profit under the United States; But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to law. Article 1, Sec. 3, Clause 7

The President shall have the power to grant reprieves and pardonsexcept in cases of impeachment. Article II, Sec. 2, clause 1

RemovalThe punishments imposed for a conviction during an impeachment proceeding is simply the removal from office and disqualification from holding any other office for the rest of your life.

If your offense is also a violation of a statute, once you are removed from office, you could face criminal prosecution for your offense.

Also, the president cannot save you and pardon you from an impeachment

The Impeachment process in action-The Impeachment process has only been used twice against a President.The first occurred in 1868 and involved President Andrew Johnson.

Johnson was a War Democrat who was Lincolns second Vice-President. He was on the ticket to appeal to Democrats who favored fighting the Civil War to the finish.

After Lincolns death, Johnson tried to follow Lincolns ideas about how to put the country back together but this was opposed by Radical Republicans in Congress. They passed a law called the Tenure of Office Act, knowing that Johnson would break this law. Johnson took an action that violated the Tenure of Office act and the House voted to impeach him

Johnson was put on trial in the Senate and after about a month of political theatre the Senate voted. Johnson was acquitted by one vote. The person who cast the not guilty vote that saved Johnson was a man named Edmund Ross, of Kansas. He was a radical Republican and he personally did not the like the President but he said if you could impeach the President for a political disagreement, then there was no point having a President

Tenure of Office ActPresident Johnson was known to hate his Secretary of War, a man named Stanton. He asked Stanton to resign and appointed General Grant to take his place.

Radical Republicans blocked the removal and then Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act which said that if the Senate had to approve an appointment, the Senate had to approve the removal of an appointed official. The Radicals then put Stanton back in as Secretary of War , knowing Johnson would fire, which he promptly did, and they voted 11 Articles of Impeachment

President Andrew Johnson-17th President

First President to be impeached and then tried in the Senate.

Avoided removal by one vote.

Did not run for President in 1868 and returned home to Tennessee.

Was elected to the to represent Tennessee in the Senate in 1875 but died a few months later. PRESIDENT JOHNSONS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL IN 1868

President William J. Clinton- 42nd PresidentPresident Clinton was impeached for conduct having to do with an affair he eventually admitted to having with a White House intern in Dec. of 1998The House of Representatives voted two Articles of Impeachment against the President alleging he committed perjury (lying under oath about his relationship with the intern) and obstruction of justice during the investigation.The Articles were sent to the Senate and the trial process was begun.Public opinion polls indicated that the public was sick and tired of hearing about this and the Senate voted to keep the trial shortWhen the votes were taken, the President was acquitted on both articles of impeachment.

During President Clintons term in office, the American economy grew at a high rate and unemployment was low and most Americans had money in their pockets and food on the table.

As this process played out in full view of the public, most Americans were disgusted not only with the President and his behavior but also with the press coverage of it and the political grandstanding by members of both parties during the process. Public opinion had a great deal to do with the outcome of this case.

William Jefferson Clinton, 42nd President of the United States

Second President to be impeached.

During both of his terms he had to deal with accusations of marital infidelity which on most occasions turned out to be true.

He survived his trial in the Senate but was forced to make a deal with federal prosecutors who announced their intention to indict after he left office on the perjury charges raised in his impeachment trial

Deal- agreed to a five-year suspension of his Arkansas Law License and Clinton was automatically suspended from the United States Supreme Court bar

BILL CLINTONS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL 1999

Unit 4 WARMUP # 6Page 406-Table on presidential vetoesAnalyze the table and answer the question at the bottom of the page.STANDARD 15The student will explain the functions of the departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracyCompare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of independent regulatory agencies, government corporations and executive agenciesExplain the functions of the cabinetFEDERAL BUREAUCRACYIn March, 2010, there were 2.58 million full-time civilian employees in the Federal government and the payroll for March was $16,238,227,775. 00These employees are scattered across 15 Cabinet departments and over 150 agenciesAll of these employees are part of the Civil Service program that was created in the 1880s as a result of the assassination of President Garfield.

Snapshot of the executive branch bureaucracy

1. The gold, green and purple boxes are Cabinet departments. 2. Each one was created by Congress and turned over to the Executive Branch for the President to appoints its head or Secretary.3. All fourteen Secretaries plus the Attorney General who heads up the Justice Department make up the Cabinet.4. The Cabinet functions as a board of advisors to the President, if he wants them to. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinetIndependent Regulatory Agencieslist of the current IRAs:DefinitionIt is an agency created by Congress for the purpose of regulating some aspect of the economy.Features that distinguish an IRAControlled by a board of 5-7 members appointed by the President and approved by the Senate.Terms are staggered so that only one seat opens every year. Terms are so long that it will be difficult for a President to gain control of the Agency by appointment.Also only a bare majority may come from the Presidents party1. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System2. Commodity Futures Trading Commission 3. Consumer Product Safety Commission 4. Federal Communications Commission 5. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 6.Federal Maritime Commission, 7.Federal Trade Commission 8.National Labor Relations Board 9. Nuclear Regulatory Commission10.Securities and Exchange Commission

Independent Executive AgenciesDefinition Anything that is not a government corporation or and Independent Regulatory Agency is an IEAGSA-General Service Administration-handle all of the real estate and building owned by the federal government as well as the cars and anything the government needOffice of Personnel management-OPM-it is the hiring agency for almost all other agenciesSSA-Social Security administrationNASA and the EPA( Environmental Protection Agency) are all examples of the IEA and there are approximately 140 moreSet up by Congress to handle specific functions that do not fit well within a Cabinet department or set up outside because the function they carry out needs to be beyond political influence

Government corporationsDefinition Created by Congress to carry-out businesslike functions. They produce a product for the public benefit.USPSAmtrakTVAFDICThere are approximately 50 public corporations. The main advantage claimed by their creators is that they are more flexible and can respond quicker than other types of government agenciesFEDERAL BUREAUCRACYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mi1iyROgOAY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HMHw5jkyQ8 Unit 4 WARMUP #7Page 409-Closeup on the Supreme Court.Read Korematsu v. United States (1944)Summarize the arguments for both sides and then turn to page 802 and read the Courts rulingDo you agree or disagree. Support your answer.Day 7 & 8 Vocabulary (8)Civil ServiceSpoils SystemPatronageRegisterBipartisanSanctionTerrorismDiplomacyUnit 4 WARMUP #8Interpreting Charts-page 417Answer the following questionsWhat % of government employees work outside of Washington D.C.?Which branch of the government makes up the largest share of the federal bureaucracy?Unit 4 WARMUP #9Close up on Primary Sources-page 423Read the selection and answer the questions at the end.Day 9 & 10 Vocabulary (8)Diplomatic ImmunityForeign AffairsForeign PolicyAmbassadorEmbassyCollective SecurityForeign AidUN Security CouncilUnit 4 WARMUP #10Close up on Primary Sources-page 476Read and answer the questions at the end of the selection.

STANDARD 20 The student will describe the tools used to carry out United States foreign policyDiplomacy; Economic, Military, and Humanitarian aid; treaties; sanctions and military intervention vocabularyDomestic Affairs Events that occur within the United StatesForeign Affairs- The nations relationships with other nationsForeign Policy The stands and actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other states militarily, diplomatically, commercially, etc

The Presidents toolbox for Foreign policy1. The State Department, headed by the Secretary of State, is the Presidents right arm in foreign affairs.2. It is the Cabinet department that assists the President in devising and implementing the foreign policy of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson was the 1st, John Kerry is the current

State Department

Ambassador1. An official representative of the US appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy 2. Today the US has ambassadors in more than 180 different countries

State Department

Diplomatic Immunity A right held by ambassadors stating that they are not subject to the laws of the state to which they are appointedEmbassy An American territory in a foreign country. Home to the US Ambassador to that countryPhotos-upper London, lower Cairo

The next tool in the box is theThe Department of Defense

1. A group created by Congress to unify the nations armed forces2. Headed by the Secretary of DefenseCurrent SecretaryChuck Hagel2 roles: Presidents chief aide in making and carrying out defense policy The operating head of the Defense Department-means civilian control of the military

Another tool is the The Central Intelligence Agency

1. Created by Congress in 19472. Works under the National Security Council (NSC)3. Has 3 major tasksa. Coordinate the information-gathering activities of all State, Defense, and other federal agenciesb.Analyze and evaluate all data collectedc.To brief the President and the NSC

VOCABULARYTERRORISM The use of violence to intimidate a government or a society to achieve a political purpose

DiplomacyNegotiations and other relations between nations by peaceful means

Types of things we use to carry out our foreign policy.Military AidProviding money, troop commitments, or training to assist foreign states

Example:In 2001 the US sent in the military to assist the people of Afghanistan by overthrowing the Taliban government, which was supported by the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. Since then the US military has remained in Afghanistan to fight insurgencies, protect the new government, and train the Afghans to take over and rule their newly democratic state. Current plans call for the withdrawal of those forces in 2014.

Types of things we use to carry out our foreign policy.Example:US sent food, medicine, and donations to Haiti in 2009 to help the Haitian people after they were devastated by an earthquake

Humanitarian Aid

Assistance provided to another state in the form of food, water, medicine, money, clothing, etc to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity

Types of things we use to carry out our foreign policy.Examples:Korean War (1950-1953)Viet Nam War (1955-1975)Desert Storm (1990-1991)Somalia Intervention 1993Afghanistan (2001-Present)Iraq (2003 present)

Military Intervention

The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to introduce its military forces into the course of an existing controversy.

VOCABULARYTreatyA formal agreement between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce, or other international relations.Example:Treaty of Paris 1783 ended the American Revolution

SanctionAn action by one or more states toward another state to force it to comply with legal obligations. Example:US cut off economic aid to Ruanda in 2003 to punish the state for allow ethnic violence to occur within the country

Unit 4 WARMUP # 11Face the Issues-page 490Read the debate and then answer the questions at the bottom of the page-Be prepared to discuss your responses.

Unit 4 WARMUP # 12Page 499-Close up on the Supreme CourtRead Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)Summarize the arguments for both sides and then turn to page 804 to see what the ruling of the Court was.

Do you agree or disagree-support your answer