© phylogenetic diversity and activity of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from a hypersaline...
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Phylogenetic Diversity And Activity Of Aerobic Heterotrophic
Bacteria
From A Hypersaline Oil-Polluted Microbial Mat
Abed, RMM; Zein, B; Al-Thukair, A; de Beer, D
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN FISCHER VERLAG, SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED
MICROBIOLOGY; pp: 319-330; Vol: 30
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
http://www.kfupm.edu.sa
Summary
The diversity and function of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) in cyanobacterial
mats have been largely overlooked. We used culture-dependent and molecular
techniques to explore the species diversity, degradative capacities and functional
guilds of AHB in the photic layer (2 mm) of an oil-polluted microbial mat from Saudi
Arabia. Enrichment isolation was carried out at different salinities (5% and 12%) and
temperatures (28 and 45 degrees C) and on various substrates (acetate, glycolate,
Spirulina extract and crude oils). Counts of most probable number showed a
numerical abundance of AHB in the range of 1.15-8.13 x 10(6) cells g(-1) and
suggested the presence of halotolerant and thermotolerant populations. Most of the
16S rRNA sequences of the obtained clones and isolates were phylogenetically
affiliated to the groups Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Alphaproteobacteria.
Groups like Deltaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes,
Acidobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus were only detected by cloning. The strains
isolated on acetate and glycolate belonged to the genera Marinobacter, Halomonas,
Roseobacter and Rhodobacter whereas the strains enriched on crude oil belonged to
Marinobacter and Alcanivorax. Members of the Bacteriodetes group were only
enriched on Spirulina extract indicating their specialization in the degradation of
cyanobacterial dead cells. The substrate spectra of representative strains showed the
ability of all AHB to metabolize cyanobacterial photosynthetic and fermentation
products. However, the unique in situ conditions of the mat apparently favored the
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enrichment of versatile strains that grew on both the cyanobacterial exudates and the
hydrocarbons. We conclude that AHB in cyanobacterial mats represent a diverse
community that plays an important role in carbon-cycling within microbial mats. (c)
2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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