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Place your homework ( the reading guide and the vocabulary) into the homework bin. BJOTD: What did the cloud wear under his clothes?

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The Students will know: What Simony, usury, and indulgences are Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe The Students will understand: People desired a change in the way the Catholic Church was run in Europe The Students will be able to: Describe Martin Luthers actions leading to the Protestant Reformation List 3 reasons why people wanted church reform Identify two earlier reformers of the church prior to Luther

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Even before the Renaissance, people were critical of the Catholic Church. Nobles in Germany and England hated the Italian domination of the Church Merchants challenged the churchs view of no usury Usury: lending money at a high rate of interest People were critical of the Churchs power, wealth, and corruption

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Common Complaints: Many priests were illiterate Nuns and priests were having illegitimate children Church officials were charging to see holy remains and objects Simony: the practice of paying for a church position

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1300s-1400s: John Wycliffe From England Beliefs Felt that the church (and its officials) should be poor Believed that church officials should not interfere with the government of a country

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1300s-1400s: Jan Huss From Bohemia Influenced by the ideas of John Wycliffe Teacher at the University of Prague Preached the ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out against indulgences

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They are certificates issued by the church that were said to reduce or cancel punishment for your sins FREEDOM FROM SIN

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Jan Huss ends up being put on trial and burned at the stake for heresy Heresy: a proposed change to a system of beliefs that conflicts with the established system July 6 th is considered a holiday in the Czech Republic

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The Renaissance values of humanism, individualism, and secularism stimulated widespread criticism of the Catholic Church. Why? People began to think for and about themselves, and wondered why the Church, who abused their power, had so much of it.

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Born in 1483 in Germany Came from a middle class family His father wanted him to become a lawyer

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In 1505, Martin Luther was caught in a thunderstorm and almost struck by lightning! He began to pray and at that moment promised God that he would become a priest

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He is very devout and he spends hours confessing and praying He is preoccupied with sin He asks, HOW CAN WE ALL BE SAVED? Spends most of his time researching this very question

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A person can be made good/just, simply through faith alone This is known as Justification (or Salvation) By Faith

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Pope Leo X (and Johann Tetzel) was trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peters Basilica in Rome So he sold INDULGENCES and church positions Luther did not agree with this "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs

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Professor in Wittenburg, Germany Lectured on a regular basis against the churchs actions that he deemed corrupt On October 31, 1517 he nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenburg church.

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Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in Germany

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Sales of Indulgences went down Luther published more essays advocating Justification by Faith Pope Leo X sent people to try to stop him but he refused So the Pope excommunicates him from the Catholic Church

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A diet (/dee-yet/) is a council of German Princes Wanted to bring Luther back into the Church But Luther had to take back his criticisms of the papacy

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He is rushed into hiding so he wont get arrested He hides at the castle of his friend, Frederick of Saxony While there he continues to write about the abuses of the Catholic Church.

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Lutheranism Faith is all you need to be saved Services held in German All believers are equal Catholicism Faith and good works will save you Services held in Latin Church was a hierarchy, there were levels of worth

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Prosecution Defense Witnesses Judge Jury Argument Questions

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1. Read over assignment 2. Look over rubric 3. Assign parts 4. Get started

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diiZiLcSS W0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diiZiLcSS W0&feature=related Start broad, get more specific Have an end statement in mind What do you want your witness to have to say?

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Huldrych Zwingli, a priest, led the Protestant movement in Switzerland in the early 1500s. Like Luther, stressed salvation by faith alone Unlike Luther, wanted to break completely from Catholic tradition and establish a theocracy, or church-run state, in Zurich In 1525 he did but soon after civil war broke out over Protestant activity and Zwingli and his force were defeated by an army of Catholics

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Grew up in Catholic France at the start of the Reformation Educated in theology (study of religion), law, and humanism He wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536

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Views: Predestination: God already knows who will be saved Faith is revealed by living a righteous life Strong work ethic a plus Playing cards, bright clothes a no no

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Calvin tried to turn Geneva into a model religious community Established the Consistory, a church council of 12 elders They were given power to control almost every aspect of peoples lives

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All citizens had to attend Reformed church services several times a week The Consistory inspected homes annually to make sure that no one was disobeying laws Harsh punishments were dispensed to people who disobeyed the laws NO Drunkenness Fighting Swearing Gambling Card playing Dancing

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It was led by local councils of ministers and elected church members so it was easy to establish in most countries It had a somewhat democratic structure which inspired intense loyalty Calvinism became a dynamic social force in western Europe

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Leader of Scotland Reformation Said to Obey rulers as long as they do not disobey God.

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Called the Anabaptists Initiated only adult members by baptism This was contrast to Catholic and Protestant faiths which baptized infants Chose to separate themselves from what they saw as a sinful society

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In 1534 some fanatical Anabaptists seized Munster, Germany Burned books, seized property, and practiced polygamy (having more than one wife) Lutherans and Catholics united to kill all Anabaptists so many survivors fled to America Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all trace their ancestry to the Anabaptists

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King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife Queen Catherine of Aragon (a Spanish princess) He believed Catherine was too old to have more children and she had given him no heir to the throne He decided to marry the seductive Anne Boleyn

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Divorce is illegal in the Catholic church, and the Pope refused to annul the marriage. 1529: Henry called Parliament into session and ended the Popes power in England by passing laws to separate the English Church from the Pope Act of Supremacy: made King Henry, not the Pope, the head of the Church in England He then divorced Catherine and married Anne

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Henry took all the money out of the Catholic monasteries across England for the crown

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Catherine of Aragon divorced Anne Boleyn beheaded (adultery) Jane Seymour died after birth to Edward Anne of Cleves divorced (immediately) Catherine Howard beheaded (adultery) Catherine Parr

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Henrys first Queen Loved by England, true and virtuous Queen Has daughter---Mary (will become known as Bloody Mary) Henry divorced Catherine for Anne Boleyn

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Once Henrys mistress, becomes Queen when Henry announces divorce from Catherine Miscarries many children Has one healthy baby girl DaughterElizabeth Henry orders Annes execution for adultery, or cheating on him

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Ruled after her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister Mary (Catholic) Made Anglicanism the official religion of England

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Spread the Protestant faith to the Americas through expansion The victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 ended religious interference from the continent Elizabeth encouraged religious tolerance

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Witnesses: Place your papers in the homework bin! Everyone: Make sure your group has books for everyone and your bin of supplies On the back of your study guide is your bellringer. Work on it individually, using your notes from the placard activity if necessary. If you finish early, work on your map! (use page 54!) BJOTD: How do spies send secret messages in forests?

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After the Catholic Church realized that the new Protestant religions like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism were here to stay, it finally decided to reform, or change, some of its habits.

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The Inquisition was a church court that was created to reinforce Catholic doctrine (or rules) Catholics would look for and punish people suspected of going against the church

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Eliminate abuses Clarify Catholic beliefs Re-establish the popes authority over church members

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Pope Paul III called a meeting of his bishops They eliminated abuses Council said that the priests CANT sell indulgences Created seminaries, or religious schools to educate clergy They also clarified the Churchs beliefs, like: Salvation through faith AND good works Church tradition = to the Bible Latin version of the Bible is the only accepted version

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The Pope reestablished his authority by: Restarting the Inquisition Starting censorship Only certain books were allowed by the Catholic Church

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Art Established baroque style that emphasized emotion, complexity, and exaggeration (This is Gian Lorenzo Berninis Apollo and Daphne)

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The pope sent missionaries to convert new members to the religion Missionaries: people who are members of a religious group and are sent to spread the word about their beliefs

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A religious group dedicated to Catholic beliefs and loyal to the Pope Also known as the Society of Jesus Jesuits wore robes like monks but did not separate themselves from the world Went to different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism Opened universities in many countries Became advisors to royal courts

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Ignatius Loyola He was a Spanish noble and soldier; dedicated himself to spreading the word about Catholicism

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Using your book, work on your map that you picked up at the door. Use page 54

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England: King Henry VIII left the Catholic Church and started the Church of England. Elizabeth I later turned it into Anglicanism, a religion with both Catholic and Protestant ideas

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Princes in Germany signed the Peace of Augsburg which allowed each German prince to choose the Christian faith of his subjects (Protestant or Catholic) Resulted in a division of Europe into a Protestant north and Catholic south

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August 24, 1572 3,000 Huguenots (French Protestants) killed in France In 1598 the Edict of Nantes is passed This edict (order) gives the Huguenots religious freedom in France

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Gave Protestant rulers a chance to increase their power They could take the wealth and property of the Church New Christian denominations more favorable to business practices This leads to less domination by Italian-controlled Church

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The Catholic rulers become upset that the protestants are taking their power, and they go to war! Specifically, the Thirty Year War (1618-1648) was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families.

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1. Catholics (the Hapsburgs) 2. Protestants (Protestant Princes)

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Lasted about 30 Years For the first half of the war, the Hapsburgs were winning They had more men and more money But, by the second half, the Protestants started winning How? The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so they started helping the Protestants.

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Who was he? A French cardinal (a high-ranking Catholic official) who had a lot of power in France Richelieu gave the Protestant princes money to hire more soldiers By doing this, he changed the focus of the war from religion (Catholic vs. Protestant) to politics (Hapsburgs vs. the French and German Princes)

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The Peace of Westphalia ended the 30 Year War Results: 1 st : Weakened the Hapsburgs 2 nd : Strengthened France 3 rd : Ended Religious Wars in Europeit was now understood that people could choose their own religion.

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The Renaissance had been a rebirth in Europe of learning, ideas, and beauty. The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the questioning that humanism encouraged The Catholic Reformation was a response to the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought to light In the end, Europe is religiously divided