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CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14

Managing Managing TechnologicalTechnological

ResourcesResources

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THE DATA RESOURCETHE DATA RESOURCE

• DATA A MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL DATA A MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCERESOURCE

• MANAGE DATA & KNOWLEDGE AS MANAGE DATA & KNOWLEDGE AS STRATEGIC RESOURCESTRATEGIC RESOURCE

• DATA ASSET ONLY IF AVAILABLE DATA ASSET ONLY IF AVAILABLE WHEN NEEDEDWHEN NEEDED

• RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY USER-RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY USER-MANAGERMANAGER

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KEY PRINCIPLES IN KEY PRINCIPLES IN MANAGING DATAMANAGING DATA

1.1.NEED TO MANAGE DATA IS NEED TO MANAGE DATA IS PERMANENTPERMANENT

2.2.DATA MAY EXIST AT SEVERAL DATA MAY EXIST AT SEVERAL LEVELSLEVELS

3.3.KEEP APPLICATION SOFTWARE KEEP APPLICATION SOFTWARE SEPARATE FROM DATABASESEPARATE FROM DATABASE

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KEY PRINCIPLES IN KEY PRINCIPLES IN MANAGING DATAMANAGING DATA

4.4.APPLICATION SOFTWARE CLASSIFIED APPLICATION SOFTWARE CLASSIFIED AS TO HOW THEY TREAT DATA: AS TO HOW THEY TREAT DATA: Data Data capture, data transfer, data analysis & capture, data transfer, data analysis & presentationpresentation

5.5.APPLICATION SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE CONSIDERED DISPOSABLECONSIDERED DISPOSABLE

6.6.DATA SHOULD BE CAPTURED ONCEDATA SHOULD BE CAPTURED ONCE

7.7.SET STRICT DATA STANDARDSSET STRICT DATA STANDARDS

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DATA PYRAMIDDATA PYRAMID

MANAGERIAL MANAGERIAL

CAPTURCAPTURE E

SYSTEMSYSTEMSS

TRANSFETRANSFER R

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

ANALYSIS & ANALYSIS & PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

STRATEGISTRATEGIC C

DATABASEDATABASESS

OPERATIONAOPERATIONAL L

TRANSACTIOTRANSACTION DATAN DATA

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CATEGORIES OF CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION PROCESSINGINFORMATION PROCESSING

• RAW DATA CAPTURED/RECEIVEDRAW DATA CAPTURED/RECEIVED• INSPECTED FOR QUALITYINSPECTED FOR QUALITY• DATA USED IN AUTHORIZED DATA USED IN AUTHORIZED

INFORMATION PRODUCTINFORMATION PRODUCT• DATA RETRIEVED WHEN NEEDEDDATA RETRIEVED WHEN NEEDED• OBSOLETE DATA REPLACEDOBSOLETE DATA REPLACED• SECURE & UNCONTAMINATEDSECURE & UNCONTAMINATED

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TYPES OF DATA STANDARDSTYPES OF DATA STANDARDS

• IDENTIFIER:IDENTIFIER: Unique value for each business Unique value for each business entityentity

• NAMING:NAMING: Unique name or label for each type Unique name or label for each type of dataof data

• DEFINITION:DEFINITION: Unambiguous description for each Unambiguous description for each type of datatype of data

• INTEGRITY RULE:INTEGRITY RULE: Specify legitimate values for Specify legitimate values for a data typea data type

• USAGE RIGHTS:USAGE RIGHTS: Security clearances for a data Security clearances for a data typetype

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ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONSASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

• PLANPLAN• SOURCESOURCE• ACQUIRE & MAINTAINACQUIRE & MAINTAIN• DEFINE/DESCRIBE & INVENTORYDEFINE/DESCRIBE & INVENTORY• ORGANIZE & MAKE ACCESSIBLEORGANIZE & MAKE ACCESSIBLE• CONTROL QUALITY & INTEGRITYCONTROL QUALITY & INTEGRITY

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ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONSASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

• PROTECT & SECUREPROTECT & SECURE• ACCOUNT FOR USEACCOUNT FOR USE• RECOVER/RESTORE & UPGRADERECOVER/RESTORE & UPGRADE• DETERMINE RETENTION & DETERMINE RETENTION &

DISPOSALDISPOSAL• TRAIN & CONSULT FOR TRAIN & CONSULT FOR

EFFECTIVE USEEFFECTIVE USE

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STATISTICAL STATISTICAL TOOLSTOOLS

OTHEROTHERTOOLSTOOLS

DATA WAREHOUSEDATA WAREHOUSE

NEW NEW APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

LEGACY LEGACY APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL STORESTORE

DATA DATA WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE

DATA DATA CAPTURINCAPTURING & G & PROCESSIPROCESSINGNG

DATA DATA CLEANSINCLEANSING; G; SECURITY SECURITY ISSUESISSUES

SINGLE SINGLE ENTERPRISE ENTERPRISE DATA DATA REPOSITORY; REPOSITORY; ORGANIZED ORGANIZED FOR ANALYSISFOR ANALYSIS

DATA DATA ANALYSIS & ANALYSIS & PRESENTATIPRESENTATIONON

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DATA OWNERSHIPDATA OWNERSHIP

• NEED TO PROTECT PERSONAL NEED TO PROTECT PERSONAL PRIVACYPRIVACY

• NEED TO PROTECT TRADE NEED TO PROTECT TRADE SECRETSSECRETS

• REQUIREMENT TO ALLOW ONLY REQUIREMENT TO ALLOW ONLY THOSE WITH ‘NEED TO KNOW’ THOSE WITH ‘NEED TO KNOW’ ACCESS TO SENSITIVE MATERIALACCESS TO SENSITIVE MATERIAL

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DATA OWNERSHIPDATA OWNERSHIP

• DESIRE TO PROMOTE INTERNAL DESIRE TO PROMOTE INTERNAL COMPETITION, JUSTIFY USE OF COMPETITION, JUSTIFY USE OF SCARCE RESOURCES SCARCE RESOURCES

• DESIRE TO SHOW COMMITMENT DESIRE TO SHOW COMMITMENT TO DATA OWNERSHIPTO DATA OWNERSHIP

• DESIRE TO USE INFORMATION DESIRE TO USE INFORMATION AS POWER FOR POLITICAL GAINAS POWER FOR POLITICAL GAIN

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TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWSTRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS

ELECTRONIC DATA MOVEMENT ELECTRONIC DATA MOVEMENT ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES CONTROLLED BY LEGISLATION:CONTROLLED BY LEGISLATION:

• PREVENT ECONOMIC/CULTURAL PREVENT ECONOMIC/CULTURAL IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM

• PROTECT DOMESTIC INDUSTRYPROTECT DOMESTIC INDUSTRY• PROTECT INDIVIDUAL PRIVACYPROTECT INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY• FOSTER INTERNATIONAL TRADEFOSTER INTERNATIONAL TRADE

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DATA ADMINISTRATIONDATA ADMINISTRATION

• PROMOTE & CONTROL DATA PROMOTE & CONTROL DATA SHARINGSHARING

• ANALYZE IMPACT ON ANALYZE IMPACT ON APPLICATIONS OF CHANGES IN APPLICATIONS OF CHANGES IN DATA DEFINITIONSDATA DEFINITIONS

• MAINTAIN DATA DICTIONARY: MAINTAIN DATA DICTIONARY: Consistent encyclopedia of data Consistent encyclopedia of data names, definitions, usesnames, definitions, uses

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DATA ADMINISTRATIONDATA ADMINISTRATION

• REDUCE REDUNDANT DATA & REDUCE REDUNDANT DATA & PROCESSINGPROCESSING

• REDUCE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE REDUCE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE COSTS, IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITYCOSTS, IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY

• IMPROVE QUALITY & SECURITY IMPROVE QUALITY & SECURITY OF DATAOF DATA

• INSURE DATA INTEGRITYINSURE DATA INTEGRITY

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DATABASE DATABASE ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION (DBA)(DBA)

• TUNE DATABASE MANAGEMENT TUNE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

• SELECT & EVALUATE DATABASE SELECT & EVALUATE DATABASE TRAININGTRAINING

• CONTROL PHYSICAL DATABASE CONTROL PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGNDESIGN

• DESIGN METHODS TO RECOVER DESIGN METHODS TO RECOVER FROM DATABASE DAMAGEFROM DATABASE DAMAGE

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DATABASE DATABASE ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION (DBA)(DBA)

• SUPERVISE PLACEMENT OF SUPERVISE PLACEMENT OF DATABASES ON COMPUTERS & DATABASES ON COMPUTERS & STORAGE DEVICESSTORAGE DEVICES

• MANAGE INTERFACE OF MANAGE INTERFACE OF DATABASES WITH DATABASES WITH TELECOMMUNICATIONS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS & OTHER TECHNOLOGYOTHER TECHNOLOGY

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DATA STEWARDDATA STEWARD

• ESTABLISHES PROCEDURES GOVERNING ESTABLISHES PROCEDURES GOVERNING DATA ELEMENTSDATA ELEMENTS

• ESTABLISHES ACCESS AUTHORIZATION ESTABLISHES ACCESS AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

• DETERMINES & EVALUATES MOST RELIABLE DETERMINES & EVALUATES MOST RELIABLE SOURCES OF DATASOURCES OF DATA

• MAKES DATA DICTIONARY MAKES DATA DICTIONARY UNDERSTANDABLE TO USERSUNDERSTANDABLE TO USERS

• ENSURES THAT ONLY NEEDED VERSIONS OF ENSURES THAT ONLY NEEDED VERSIONS OF EACH DATA ELEMENT EXISTEACH DATA ELEMENT EXIST

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DATA STEWARDDATA STEWARD

• ENSURES DATA USED IS MOST ENSURES DATA USED IS MOST APPROPRIATE VERSIONAPPROPRIATE VERSION

• ASSIGNS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DATA ASSIGNS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DATA INTEGRITYINTEGRITY

• RESOLVES CONFLICTS CONCERNING RESOLVES CONFLICTS CONCERNING SHARABLE DATASHARABLE DATA

• CONSULTS WITH USERS ON USE OF CONSULTS WITH USERS ON USE OF ELECTRONIC DATAELECTRONIC DATA

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TOOLS FOR MANAGING DATATOOLS FOR MANAGING DATA

1.1.DATA MODELING:DATA MODELING:– ENTERPRISE MODELING– VIEW INTEGRATION

2.2.DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:– RELATIONAL DBMS: Allows user to filter data with

specific properties– STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE

3.3.DATA DICTIONARY/DIRECTORY: DATA DICTIONARY/DIRECTORY: A database about A database about data, provides standard names, characteristics, usesdata, provides standard names, characteristics, uses

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INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT ISSUESMANAGEMENT ISSUES

1.1.LOCATIONLOCATION

2.2.THE WORKSTATIONTHE WORKSTATION

3.3.SUPPORTING OPERATING SUPPORTING OPERATING SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

4.4.REDUNDANCYREDUNDANCY

5.5.SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

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INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT ISSUESMANAGEMENT ISSUES

6.6. BANDWIDTHBANDWIDTH

7.7. RESPONSE TIME ON NETWORKRESPONSE TIME ON NETWORK

8.8. SECURITY SECURITY vsvs EASE OF ACCESS EASE OF ACCESS

9.9. BREADTH OF NETWORK ACCESSBREADTH OF NETWORK ACCESS

10. ACCESS TO EXTERNAL DATA 10. ACCESS TO EXTERNAL DATA SERVICESSERVICES

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APPLICATIONS PORTFOLIO APPLICATIONS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ISSUESMANAGEMENT ISSUES

1. 1. ASSUMED USER: ASSUMED USER: Skills? Interfaces? Skills? Interfaces? Needed software?Needed software?

2.2. APPLICATION LOCATION: APPLICATION LOCATION: Centralized Centralized shareable resource, or stand-alone?shareable resource, or stand-alone?

3.3. PROCESS-DRIVEN OR DATA-DRIVEN PROCESS-DRIVEN OR DATA-DRIVEN DESIGNDESIGN

4.4. EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR NEW EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR NEW APPLICATIONS SYSTEMSAPPLICATIONS SYSTEMS

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ROLE OF USER-MANAGERROLE OF USER-MANAGER

1. 1. MAKE POSITION CLEAR ON CRITICAL MAKE POSITION CLEAR ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURAL MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURAL MANAGEMENT ISSUESISSUES

2. 2. TAKE ACTIVE ROLE IN DATA TAKE ACTIVE ROLE IN DATA STEWARDSHIPSTEWARDSHIP

3. 3. TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOLLOWING POLICIESFOLLOWING POLICIES

4. 4. DEMAND QUALITY DEMAND QUALITY ISIS ASSET ASSET MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

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14.25

© Prentice Hall 2002

CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14

Managing Managing TechnologicalTechnological

ResourcesResources