{ skeletal system by connor beasley, lauren buchberger, mary burkhart, mykhala stillings mary...
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{{Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger,By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger, Mary Burkhart, Mykhala StillingsMary Burkhart, Mykhala Stillings
http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancing-skeleton-room/
Keeps body upright and Keeps body upright and togethertogether
SupportSupport Protection
Protects inner organs and fragile body tissuesExample: Ribs protect heart, lungs, etc Vertebrae protect spinal cord
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html#whatwww.biology4kids.com
Provides attachment Provides attachment for muscles for muscles
MovemenMovementt Blood Cell
ReproductionBlood cells formed in the bone marrow
StorageStorageHouses many minerals and Houses many minerals and immature blood cells in the immature blood cells in the bonebone
Example: Calcium, lipids, red blood cells
www.georgetownhospitalsystem.orgwww.sciencelearn.org.nz
Bones of the skullBones of the skull Develop between Develop between
membranesmembranes Connecting tissue Connecting tissue
forming in sheets forming in sheets which become the which become the bones periosteumbones periosteum
Cells in the connective Cells in the connective tissue differentiate tissue differentiate into osteoblastsinto osteoblasts
Osteoblasts produce Osteoblasts produce the spongy bonethe spongy bone
Osteoblasts begin Osteoblasts begin producing compact producing compact bone on edges of bone on edges of spongy bonespongy bone
Development of Intramembranous Development of Intramembranous BonesBones
Development of an Endochondral Development of an Endochondral BoneBone
Primary Ossification CenterPrimary Ossification Center
1.1.Masses of hyaline cartilageMasses of hyaline cartilage
2.2.Cartilage breaks down and Cartilage breaks down and disappearsdisappears
3.3. Periosteum forms from Periosteum forms from connective tissue and covers connective tissue and covers developing diaphysisdeveloping diaphysis
4.4.Spongy bones form where Spongy bones form where cartilage once wascartilage once was
http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html
Development of an Endochondral Development of an Endochondral BoneBone
Secondary Ossification Centers
1.Spongy bone forms in all directions2.Epiphyseal Plate forms between the ossification centers3.Cartilaginous plate thickens, lengthening the bonehttp://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/
42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html
Osteoclasts Osteoclasts break down the calcified extracellular matrix of bone
Come from bone marrow when white blood cells fuse
Secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic compound of calcified matrix
Remove the extracellular matrix Osteoblasts invade region and deposit new bone
tissue in place of calcified cartilage
Maintaining Long Maintaining Long BoneBone
Long bone lengthens while Long bone lengthens while cartilaginous cells of cartilaginous cells of epiphysial plates are activeepiphysial plates are active
When ossification centers of When ossification centers of diaphysis and epiphyses diaphysis and epiphyses meet and the epiphyseal meet and the epiphyseal plates ossify, lengthening is plates ossify, lengthening is no longer possibleno longer possible
Long bone thickens as Long bone thickens as compact bone is deposited, compact bone is deposited, and resulting space in the and resulting space in the middle becomes medullary middle becomes medullary cavity and fills with marrow.cavity and fills with marrow.
Developing Long BoneDeveloping Long Bone
http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/
Appendicular vs. AxialAppendicular vs. Axial
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/appendicular-and-axial/deck/2846767
23 Major Bones of the 23 Major Bones of the BodyBody
http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.html
23 Major Bones of the 23 Major Bones of the BodyBody
Anatomy of the Long Anatomy of the Long BoneBone
Spongy bone: Reduces bone weight
Periosteum: Encloses the bone, except for articular cartilage
Medullary Cavity: Houses bone marrow & vessels
Compact bone: Protects
Articular Cartilage: Reduces shock
Epiphysis: Articulates with another bone to form a jointhttp://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/
notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm
LigamentLigamentss
• Connects bone to bone
Examples:- Patellar ligament- Lateral collateral
ligament- Anterior cruciate
ligament
http://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/
• Connect Connect bones to bones to musclesmuscles
ExamplesExamples: :
-Achilles tendon-Achilles tendon
-Teres minor tendons-Teres minor tendons
- Felxor tendons- Felxor tendons
TendonTendonss
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html
• Tough, elastic, Tough, elastic, fibrous fibrous connective connective tissuetissue
Cartilage Cartilage
Examples:-Hyaline Cartilage-Elastic Cartilage-Fibrocartilage
http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html
Fibrous Joints Fibrous Joints lie between lie between bones that closely contact bones that closely contact one another and have no one another and have no movementmovement Example: Example: Sutures Sutures
between bones of the between bones of the skullskull
Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous Joints allow allow limited movement limited movement Example: Example: Between Between
vertebrae, pubic vertebrae, pubic symphisissymphisis
Synovial Joints Synovial Joints allow free allow free movement movement
JointsJointshttp://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html
http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous_joints.html
Synovial Synovial JointsJoints
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html
Ball-and-Ball-and-Socket Socket allows a allows a wider range wider range of motion of motion
Examples:Examples:- ShoulderShoulder- HipHip
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html
Condyloid JointCondyloid Joint permits permits multiple multiple movements, movements, but not but not rotationalrotational
Examples:Examples:
- Joints between - Joints between metacarpals and metacarpals and phalangesphalanges
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm
Gliding Joints Gliding Joints flat or flat or slightly slightly curved and curved and allow sliding allow sliding & twisting & twisting movementsmovements
Examples:Examples:- Joints within wrists Joints within wrists
& ankle& ankle- Ribs 2-7Ribs 2-7
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
Hinge Joint Hinge Joint
convex surface convex surface fits into concave fits into concave surface and surface and moves in only one moves in only one planeplane
Examples:Examples:- Joints of phalangesJoints of phalanges http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/
Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Elbow-Anatomy/a~5607/article.html
Pivot Joint Pivot Joint movement is movement is limited to limited to rotation rotation around around central axiscentral axis
Examples:Examples:- Proximal ends of - Proximal ends of
radius and ulnaradius and ulna
http://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/
Saddle Joint Saddle Joint
surface of one surface of one bone fits the bone fits the complementary complementary surface of the surface of the otherother
Examples:Examples:
- Joint between the - Joint between the trapezium and metacarpal trapezium and metacarpal bones of thumbbones of thumb http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
Joint Joint MovementsMovements
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion
Flexion: Flexion: bending joint and decreasing anglebending joint and decreasing angle
Extension: Extension: Straightening joint and Straightening joint and increasing angleincreasing angle
Hyperextension: Hyperextension: extending beyond extending beyond anatomical positionanatomical position
http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html
Dorsiflexion: Dorsiflexion: bending foot at ankle towards shinbending foot at ankle towards shinPlantar flexionPlantar flexion: bending foot at ankle towards sole: bending foot at ankle towards soleEversion: Eversion: turning foot so sole faces laterally turning foot so sole faces laterally Inversion: Inversion: turning foot so sole faces mediallyturning foot so sole faces medially
http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html
Abduction: Abduction: moving a part away from midlinemoving a part away from midlineAdduction: Adduction: moving a part away toward midlinemoving a part away toward midlineSupination: Supination: turning the hand so palm is facing upwardturning the hand so palm is facing upwardPronationPronation: turning the hand so palm is facing downward: turning the hand so palm is facing downward
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction
http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm
Circumduction: Circumduction: moving a part in a circular motionmoving a part in a circular motionRetraction: Retraction: moving a part backwardmoving a part backwardProtraction: Protraction: moving a part forwardmoving a part forward
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html
Elevation: Elevation: Raising a part Raising a part Depression: Depression: Lowering a partLowering a part
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513
Diseases of the Skeletal Diseases of the Skeletal SystemSystem
Arthritis
medicaltextboks.blogspot.com
Degenerative disorderDegenerative disorder1.1. Cartilage softens and Cartilage softens and
disintegratesdisintegrates
2.2. Articular surface Articular surface roughensroughens
3.3. Bones rub together Bones rub together producing stiffness, loss producing stiffness, loss of motion, and painof motion, and pain
OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis
www.celebrex.com
Autoimmune DiseaseAutoimmune Disease1.1. Swelling of synovial Swelling of synovial
cells and synovial cells and synovial fluid in jointsfluid in joints
2.2. Causes damage to Causes damage to the cartilage and the cartilage and bonebone
Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis
blog.proboostdirect.com
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““Adduction playV2('en/US/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh');playV2('en/UK/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh')Adduction playV2('en/US/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh');playV2('en/UK/d3/d3djdddsstdysoslssssgh')
" TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." " TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>.ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>.
““Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>.Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>.
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