بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم streptococcus pneumoniae prof. khalifa sifaw ghenghesh
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Streptococcus pneumoniaeProf. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
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Diplococcus pneumoniae or Pneumococcus
Gram +ve Coccus, Encapsulated, Occur in Pairs with Broad Ends Opposed.
Requires Enriched Media for Growth.
Growth Enhanced by 0.1% Glucose and 5-10% CO2.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Colonies on Blood Agar
1 mm in Diameter, Round, Domed and
Surrounded by a Zone of -Haemolysis.
On Prolonged Incubation:
"Draughtsman" Colonies.
Some Strains > Mucoid Colonies.
In Broth > Short Chains or Isolated Cocci.
Soluble in Bile.
Sensitive to Optochin (Ethylhydrocuprein Hydrochloride).
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VIRULENCE FACTORS Capsular Polysacharide > Antiphagocytic.
– Repeated Subculturing in the Presence of Specific Anticapsular Antibody Results in Non-Capsulated Strains.
Non-Capsulated Strains > Avirulent >
"R" Colonies. "S" Colonies >> Virulent.
Capsule Can Be Demonstrated by:
1. "Quelling Reaction" or “Capsular Swelling Test”:
2. Addition of India Ink:
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CLINICAL INFECTION Pneumococcal Infections of the
Respiratory Tract.
Causes Disease of the Middle Ear, Paranasal Sinuses, Mastoides and the Lung Paranchyma.
Meningitis, Endocarditis and Peritonitis.
Pneumococcal Bacteraemia.
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Pneumococcal Meningitis
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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1. Specimens: Sputum: i. Should Show a Predominance of Pus Cells Rather
Than Squamous Epithelial Cells of Buccal Origin.
ii. The Specimen is Then Homogenized by an Agent
(e.g. N-Acetylcysteine).
CSF Deposit: From Cases of Meningitis.
Blood: Patients with Pneumococcal
Pneumonia and Meningitis.
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2. Isolation and Identification:Gram Stain BA
Incubate in 5-10% CO2/
Overnight
- Haemolytic Colonies
Susceptibility to Optochin
Sensitive >> Strep. Pneumoniae
Resistant >> Strep. viridans
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TREATMENT Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Erythromycin,
Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin.
Resistance:
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Streptococcus viridans