CH. 7.1NUTRITION

- substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair

-measures the amount of energy available in food- the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 ° C.- carrots = 30 cal, cheese pizza = 170 cal

nutrients

calorie

-the regulation of the body’s internal environment- body tells you when you need more water= thirst

homeostasis

organic inorganic- proteins - water- carbohydrates - minerals- vitamins - no carbon- fats - can be absorbed - contain carbon directly into- foods with these bloodstream must be digested

organic vs. inorganic nutrients

water-body is 60% water by weight- 2/3 found in cells, rest is around cells and in body fluids- lose water through perspiration- need to drink 2 liters of liquids each day

-needed in small quantities for growth, regulating body functions, and preventing some diseases- D= used by bones, made by skin when in sunlight- K= used by blood to clot, made by bacteria in large intestine- 2 types: water-soluble (must be taken daily) and fat-soluble (stored by your body)

vitamins

- body uses 14 minerals- take part in chemical reactions, send nerve impulses throughout your body, and carry oxygen to body cells- calcium and phosphorous used the most

mineral

-main sources of energy for your body- made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms held together by energy- when they are broken down, they release energy

-table sugar, fruits, - found in potatoes - found in plant cell walls honey, and milk and food made - cereals, fruits, beans,

from grains like and vegetables pasta - can’t be digested- made of chains of - needed to keep digestive simple sugars system working

carbohydrates

3 types:sugars: starches: fiber:

-used for replacement and repair of body cells and for growth- large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur- made of amino acids (20 amino acids can make thousands of proteins)- complete proteins provide all the essential amino acids and can be found in eggs, milk, cheese, and meat- essential amino acids- can’t be make in body cells, must get them from the food you eat

proteins

-also called lipids- provide energy and help body absorb vitamins- one gram of fat can release twice as much energy as one gram of carbohydrate- extra energy is converted to fat and stored for later

fats

unsaturated: saturated:- usually liquid at room - found in meats, animal temp. products, and some plants- vegetable oil and fats - usually solid at room temp. found in seeds - associated with high levels

blood cholesterol and can lead to hear disease and stroke

-foods that contain the same type of nutrient-5 groups:

1. bread and cereal- 6 to 11 servings2. vegetables- 3 to 5 servings3. fruit- 2 to 4 servings4. milk- 2 to 3 servings5. meat- 2 to 3 servings

food groups