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THE AUSTRALIAN HATIONAL UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH ,SCHOOL OF PACIFIC STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF FAR EASTERN HISTORY

ANNUAL REPORT 1975

STAFF

Professor & Head of Department ~ Wang Gungwu , J.'l'.i.A. (Malaya), Ph.D. (London), F.A.H.A.

Professorial Fellows : E . S. Crawcour, B.A. (Melb.),

Senior Fellows ~

Fellows ~

Senior Research Fellow g

Research Fellows:

Postdoctoral Fellows :

M.A. (Cantab.), Ph.D. (A.N.U . )

L. Wang, B.A. (Nanking), Ph.D. (Cantab.)

N. Barnard, B.A. (N.Z. ), Ph.D., (A .N. U), F.A.I-I.A .

I . de Rachewiltz, Cert. Cin. (Oriental Inst. Naples),

. Ph .;..D~. ,(A.N.U.), F.A.H.A. I . ! . . . .

A. Frase~ , M.A. (Oxon.), 'Ph.D. (A.N.U . )

E.r.1. Lo, B.A. (Yenching), Ph . D. (Cantab.)

J.H. Fincher, B.A. (Harv.) , Ph.D.' (U. of \;Jash.)

S.A. FitzGerald, B.A. (Tas.), Ph.D. (A.N.U.) (on leave)

C.H. Nu, B.A. (National Taiwan)

J . C.S. Hall, B.A., Ph.D. (Leeds)

L.T. Sigel , B.A. (Yale), Ph . D • . (Harv.)

Y. Toriumi, M.A., Ph.D. (Tokyo) (till April) .

Jennifer w. Cushman , A.B., M.A., Ph . D. (Cornell), (from April)

Penelope A. Herbert, B.A. (Lend . ), Ph.D. (Cantab.) (till December)

r ·. r.:

Visiting Fellow :

Research Officer:

Re search Assistants :

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H. Bolitho, B.A. Oielb . ) r

f<~ . A ., iu'i. Phil , Ph . D. (Yale) (till February)

K. Y. Cheung, M. A. , Ph . D. (National Taiwan)

J . Chen , B . A. (National Taiwan) (till July)

Verena Gerber (from July)

Nancy Lim, B.A . (National Taiwan)

Rima Rossall, B.A . (Melb . )

L . C . .May \'Jang

I ii!TRODUCTION

Two major studies were p ublished during the year, the first volume of The Correspondence of G E Morrison (1895-1912) and iietallurgical Remains of Ancient China . Two other studies completed when the authors were members of t h e de p artment were also . p ublished. History of Chinese Dip lomatic hlissions in Japan (1877- 1911) and The Chinese Theatre in Modern Times . In addition r a monograph on the Warlords of Yunnan was completed and is now in press .

Other studies about to be published or being p repared for pub lication include the first two volumes of Archeological Documents of Ancient China by Dr Barnard 1 an edition of Father A. Mostaert's posthumous work on the Hua-i i-yu of 1389 by Dr de Rachewiltz ; Dr Fincher's Court, Bureaucracy and Gentry . in China ' s Early National Revolution ; Dr Lo's second volume of Morrison's correspondence 1 Dr Uang ' s study on Military Technology and the Epic of Gunpowder and Firearms ; and a book on Contemporary Ch inese History by Professor v7ang .

The Dep artment published Nos 11 and 12 of Papers on Far Eastern History as well as the second edition of volume 8 in its f-'.lonograp h Series . In addition , the Department held 10 work-in- progress seminars during the year and organized a p anel on modern Chinese history at the .Chinese Stud ies Sem~nar held at Sydney University in Aug"tist .

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Staff and Students

Professor ·crawcour was acting Head of ' Department until September when he went on study leave to Japan. Professor Wang returned from study leave and resumed duty in September. In November, he was appointed Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies. He retains, however, his ' Chair in the department and co~tin~~d to be Head of Department till the end of the year.

Also on study leave during the second half of the year was Dr Barnard. He worked primarily in Japan and Taiwan. Dr FitzGerald is still on special leave as Australian Ambassador in Peking.

The Department was joined by Dr Cushman in April. She joined the staff while pursuing her research in the Public Records Off ice in London and eventually came to Canberra in October. Dr Herbert completed her year with the department and has now joined the staff of Murdoch University.

Of the Ph.D . students , Ms s. Borthwick completed 21 months of study in China and returned in November and Ms F. Derre left for a year's study in Peking in August. Ms B. Hooper was awarded a Myer Founc~ation Scholarship to study Chinese and left for Peking in October. During the year two students successfully submitted their theses and had their Ph.D. degrees conferred1 Dr Adrian Chan and Dr Richard Rigby. Dr Chan is now a lecturer in the Department of Political Science in the · university of New South Wales and Dr Rigby is with the Department of Foreign Affairs. During the year Ms M. Fitzratrick completed her course and returned to the Department of Foreign Affairs. She expects to submit her thesis for examination early in 1976. -Aiso Mr R. McLachlan 1 s course was suspended while he took up a full-time· lectureship in the Departm0nt of Asian Civilisations. He is now a lecturer in hi~t0~7 n~ t h e Mitchell College of Advanced Education at Bathurst.

Research

Professor Wang completed a draft of a book on Contemporary China while on study leave; he is now preparing the manuscript for publication. He also continued his work on the political life. of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia with the help of Ms Lim. D:':' Wang prepared a final draft of the section on Military Technology and the Epic of Gunpowder and Firearms in Dr Needh~m's Sth volume of Science and Civilisation in China. He has also been working on a dictionary of Ancient Chinese Scientific Terms. Mr Chen and Ms Gerber have been assisting him. Professor Crawcour continued work on government-business

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relationships in Modern Japan and also started work on a modern economic history of Japano This work was complemented by that of Professor Toriumi and Associate Professor Bolitho who -were Visiting Fellows in the Department at the beginning of the yearo

.. Dr Barnard, complete<;! tl:}e .first two volumes of

archaeological documents of ancient China which is expected to be published in 19760 He continued with his studies of metallurgical techniques and also produced a handbook on Archaic Chinese Bronzes in .Australia .and New Zealand collections o . In both :works, he was . assisted by Dr Cheung o

Dr de Rachewiltz completed (with Mrs Wang) the third series of their joint Index to Biographical Material in Chin and YUan Literary Workso The YUan biographical project got off to a gooq start with the first _of the biographical essays prepare_d . by Dr Chqn ~.o~- lam and .edited by Dr de Rachewiltzo Dr de Rachewiltz aJso qompleted a .. prelirnin~ry survey o.f the Turks in China during the YUan period. .. .. Dr Lo continued with his work on the Morrison Diary., but much of., the year wa.s . taken up with the problems of producing the first two volumes

· ··.f .. o;f Norrison Correspondence. In this work, he has been ·- ·assisted .by Ms Rossall o Dr Fraser continued with his work

on .the politics of Tokushima in the Neiji period and . completed two more papers on the _subject.o Dr Fincher has

,.. almost completed . his book on the · b~ckgz:ound to the 1911 Revolution and qas. · started researcfy., on. :r-iierc;::ha,nts, Mili:tar:i,.sts and Midd~e Peasants· during the period .1910-19260 .

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. Dr Hall continued his work on the history p.f the :-Op:j.um ·Trade in the 19th and 20th .. <;entu.ries in China. · .. p+. $igel ·· captinued·h~s research on Late Ch 0 ing foreign poltcy and the impact of .m.ercantile nationalism .on ,the modern Chinese

:-:. commercial community o Mr t-·Ju . continued his r~search on )~'ling ·Hi.story and completed four pp.pers on . .Chinese attitudes towards the Non-H.an \.•Jorld, the Role ·of the Tr:j.bute System . in the Forward Defence Policy in the North and especially in the development of Ming Foreign Trade o All .these are in . preparation for a major book on Ming Foreign Relations o Dr Herbert completed a monograph on aspects of T'ang Imperial Authority during the reign of Emperor Hsuan- tsung as seen in the writing of Chang Chiu-lingo Dr Cushman continued with her study .. of the developments of the administrative institutions during the late Ming and early Ch ' ing dynasties regulating China's native jun~ -trade with Southeast Asia . . . . : . .

,"\ ~ . . . . . · M.s S .• Borthwick has returned t o continue ¥[ith _her .. research

on the: .history of Chinese education. : (.1917-1921) whilE;l Ms .F: o

Derr~ went to Peking to .improve . i~er . Chi.nese further .and. wo:r:k on 11.Ma-ss ;Politicisation in Yenan China'~ 0 ,. r·iS M. Fitzpatric.k completed the first draft of !fer ·thesi_s :on 11 Loc.al Administration in Northern Chekiang and the Wako. Cr.:j. ·§i,~ of 1553-56 11

. • . During the first part of the year, Ms M. - Gosl~ng worked. on Russo­Japanese Rel:-ations in -the Early 19th , .Cent_ury, . wl)ile Ms B. Hooper, who joined the department early in the year, completed

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a paper on Women in ·Mbdern China before going to Peking to continue with her language studies. · r·'. Mr L . W. Li ·has completed some translations on the system bf border government in South­west China during the Ming dynasty ·. Mr L . Littrup continued his research on Local Self- government in Shandong province in the 16th century . Mr R. McLachlan has completed his draft chapters of - his thesis on "The sh~n-6hi-ying : a Military .l\id Programme in 19th Century China". Mr K.K . Shum joined the department earJ.y in the year and has started his research on Ch'en Shao-yU (Wang Ming) and Chinese Communist Party Politics, ·1935- 1942.

Other Activities ·'

The Department maintained its close association with the Faculty of Asian Studies and the Contemporary China· Centre. It was also active in the seminar organised by the Australian Comrni ttee of Chinese Studies held in Sydney in August . Drs Fincher , Sigel and Hall presented papers at this seminar. Several ·staff · and students of ·the Department contributed to the .teaching in the Department of Asian Civilisations. Dr Fraser served as publications officer of the Faculty of Asian Studies during . the first part of the year and continued as publications officer of the Department and editor of the Departmentvs Papers on Far Eastern History .

Professor Wang gave lectures in Britain, Germany, Malaysia and Singapore while away on study leave 1 notably at the Loridon School of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies, Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, the Ins·ci tute for Asian Studies , University of Hamburg , University of Malaya, the Institute of Southeas t Asia Studies in Singapore, and at All Souls , St Anthony vs and Wolfson Colleges at Oxford. On his return he lectured for the Centre for Continuing Education . and t he Depart..m~.1 ;.;. o ... Ch i ne:.;e. rte continued to act as external examiner in his tory at Nanyang University and has begun to serve as external e xaminer in history at the Universiti Sains Malaysia in· Penang .

Professor Crawcour assisted in the establishment of the Australia-- Japan foundation and also in the universityis Committee on Japanese studies of which he is the first Chairman. He has continued his active interest in Japanese language teaching at the Faculty of Asian Studies . Dr Barnard gave lectures and seminars in Taipei and Hong Kong and was particularly active in the organisation of the symposium on Chinese Bronzes held in Melbourne . Dr de Rachewiltz, Dr Lo , Dr Fincher , Dr Fraser , Dr Herbert , Dr Rigby, Mr Shum and Iis Borthwick all gave seminars in the Department . Dr Hall also gave a seminar to the Contemporary China Centre and read a paper on the "Historical Development of Opium Trade in Southwest China" at the workshop on Southwe.st China held

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. J,n Seattle, Washfngton ~ in _July-August. Also Dr Sigel ·.read · a paper 6n "Foreign Policy Interests and Activities of th~ -

" c;;~;Lnese Tre_a,ty Port Comrnuni ty" at ·the Late Ching Reform worksho~ held at Har~ard University in July. Dr Cushman gave lectures at Cornel'l University and at the University of I<ent on Chin~se trade with Thailand.

Du~ing the year Dr Fincher went on fieldwork to Taiwan and did archival research at the Academia Sinica, the National Palace Museum, the National Historic Institute and KMT A~chives, the National Central Library and held discussions with staff and students of the Academia Sinica and Taiwan University. Dr Fincher has been invited to join the Editorial Board of a new journal published in the United States called Modern China. Dr de Rachewiltz was on fieldwork in Tokyo where he collected material on Yuan history and household encyclopaedias . Dr Sigel 1 s fieldwork was done mainly at the Public Records Office .in London and in the Hoover Library at Stanford.

The fo11ow.irig work-in-prqgress seminars were held <luring the year~

27 February Dr H. Bolitho

26 June · Dr R. de Crespigny

14 October Dr p •· Herbert

21 October Dr I. de Rachewiltz

i ..

28 October 'Dr J. Fincher .,

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4 November Dr H. M. Lo

il ·November Dr R. Rigby

·: .. i

18 November Mr K.K. Shum

2 5 .. November D.r A. Fraser ·.

2 December Ms S. Borthwick

The War in the North

Portents of .Protest in the Later Han Dynasty ; the Memorials of Hsiang · K1 ai to Emperor Huan i 6 6 AD 1

Civil Service Selection in T ' ang Dynasty China

'.

A Preliminary Survey of Turks in China Under the Mongols, 13-14C

China ' s National and Local Gentry Since the 1906 Abolition of the Traditional Civil Service Examinations

The Fe-ruary 7 (1923) Incident and the Forking Class Movement in China

Communist and Conservative Analyses of Class in China's

, May 30th (1925) Movement '

· The 'Internal Politics of the Chinese Communist Party'. s

· Secon~ United Front

Law and Politics in Early · Meij i Japarl

21 .Months of University Study in the People's Republic of China

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PUBLICATIONS

Barnata.·1 N·.

"The Most Recent Radiocarbon Dates from China" , · The Far Eastern Prehistory Association Newsletter No-::-5, pp . 22-24 , November 1975 .

The First Radiocarbon Dates from China 1 (Revised and Enlarged Edition), Monographs on Far Eastern History No. 8 , 1975, pp. i - xvii, 1-94 , 22 Figures, 8 Tables.

Archaic Chinese Bronzes in Australian and New Zealand Collections, Published by Council of Trustees, National Gallery of Victoria , July, 1965. Handbook of the Exhibition, 2 October - 16 November . 74 pp . , 29 plates, 15 Figures . ·

Barnard, N. and Sato Tamotsu*

Metallurgical Remains of Ancient China , Nichiosha , Tokyo, 1975. i-xxxii, 1-343. 3 Plates , 55 Figures, 6 Tables , 26 Sets of Distribution J.Viaps. Text in English, Japanese and Chinese .

Cheung , K. Y.

:•Lun Liang-Pien Wei- Tso Ti Mao-Kung-Ting Ming-Wen" . (On two faked "Mao-kung-Ting 11 inscriptions), in Bibliography Quarterly Vol . 8 No . 4 , March 1975 .

Chow, , J.H . *

China and Jap an, The History of Chinese Diplomatic Missions in Japan 1877-1911, Singapore 1975 , i~x, ·317 pp.

de Rachewiltz , I . , (editor)

Chan Hok-lam, "Wang O '(1190-1273} 11 (Yuan Biographical Project . Biography No . 1), Papers on Far Eastern History 12 (Sept. 1975} , pp . 43-70 .

Fraser, A.

"Political Party :Cevelopment in Tokushima Pref~cture, 1880- 1889", Papers on Far Eastern History 11 (Ma~ch 1 975) , pp . 107-147 .

uFrom Domain to Prefecture : Political Developmen.t in Tokushima, 1871-1880 11

, Papers on Far Eastern History 12 (September 1975} , pp. 87- 147.

Herbert , P . A.

"Agricultural Colonies in China in the Early Eighth Century" , Papers on Far Eastern History 11 (March 1975), pp. 37-77 .

*Former members of the University

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Lo, H.M .

The Correspondence of G.E. Morrison Vol . I (1895-1912) pp. I-XIV + 849 (Cambridge University Press, Cambricge, 1975).

Mackerras, C.*

The Chinese Theatre in Modern Times from 1840 to the present day, Thames & Hudson, London, 1975.

McLachlan, R.C.D.

"A Sixteenth Century Account of China: The Strange and Marueilous Newes Lately come from ' the Great Kingdome of Chyna", Papers on Far Eastern History 12 (September 1975), pp• 71-87. ,

Sigel , L.T.

c1 The Treaty Port Community and Chinese Foreign Policy in the 1880' s 11

, Papers on Far Eastern History 11. (March 1975), pp. 79-105.

Toriumi, Y.

"The Manhood Suffrage Question in Japan After the First Horld War':, Papers on Far Eastern History 11 (March 1975), pp. 149-168.

Wang, G.

The Rebel-Reformer in Modern Chinese Biography , Fifth Annual Lecture of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, Sydney University ·.Press, 1974, 23 pp. (also in Proceedings 1975, _Australian Academy of the Humanities, pp. 39-61).

"Juxtaposing Past and Present in China Today", The China Quarterly, 61, I•:arch 1975 , 1-24 . --

"Some Aspects of Southeast Asian Attitudes towards Japan", Bulletin: International House of Japan, no. 33, Oct . 1974, 1 - 18.

"Chinese Minorities in. Southeast Asia", The Asian Student 23, 10 and 11, 1975~ 6-7 and 6-7.

"Auslandschinepen", _in China Handbuck, Wolfgang Franke (ed . ), Hamburg 1974, 64-71.

*Former member of the University

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