Take a sheet from front table and do the “K” portion of the K-W-L: Germs and “W” if possible. Use complete sentences.

K-W-L: Germs

3-2-1 Answer in complete

sentences 3- learned yesterday in class 2- surprised you 1-question

Mission Pledge:  As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.

Check YourselfThe __________ is a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body. Antigens Skin Pathogens Cilia

• Pathogens are all types of disease-causing organisms.

• The Immune System is a complex group of defenses that fight against pathogens.

• Your integumentary, respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems are first-line defenses against pathogens.

• The skin is a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body.

• Your respiratory system traps pathogens with hair-like structures, called cilia, and mucus.

• When you cough or sneeze, you get rid of many trapped pathogens.

• Your digestive system has several defenses against pathogens—saliva, enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus.

• Hydrochloric acid in your stomach kills some bacteria and stops the activity of some viruses that enter your body on food.

• Your circulatory system contains white blood cells that surround and digest foreign organisms and chemicals.

• If the white blood cells cannot destroy the bacteria fast enough, you might develop a fever.

• Many pathogens are sensitive to temperature a slight increase in body temperature slows a pathogen’s growth.

When tissue is damaged by injury or infected by pathogens, it becomes inflamed. Signs of inflammation include redness, temperature increase, swelling, and pain.

• Antigens are molecules that are foreign to your body.

• An antibody is a protein made in response to a specific antigen.

• The antibody attaches to the antigen and makes it useless.

• Active immunity is when your body makes its own antibodies in response to an antigen.

• Passive immunity is when antibodies that have been produced in another animal are introduced into your body.

• When a pathogen invades your body and quickly multiplies, you get sick. Your body immediately starts to make antibodies to attack the pathogen.

• After enough antibodies form, you usually get better.

• Some antibodies stay on duty in your blood, and more are produced rapidly if the pathogen enters your body again.

• A vaccine is a form of an antigen that gives you immunity against a disease.

• A vaccine only can prevent a disease, not cure it.

• Vaccination is the process of giving a vaccine by injection or by mouth.

Lymphatic system – rids the body of excess water and works with the immune system.

The lymphatic system is made up of lymph, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, thymus, and the spleen.

The thymus makes lymphocytes which are a type of white blood cell found in lymph.

Lymph nodes filter out microorganisms and foreign materials that have been taken up by lymphocytes.

Tonsils keep harmful microorganisms from moving past your throat and the spleen filters the blood by removing worn out and damaged red blood cells.

Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil Thymus Lymph Nodes Lymph Vessels Tonsils Spleen