“ teaching the science, inspiring the art, producing aviation candidates!” aviation physiology
Post on 19-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
Aviation PhysiologyAviation PhysiologyAviation PhysiologyAviation Physiology
RoadmapRoadmapRoadmapRoadmap
VisionVisionNight FlightNight FlightVisual IllusionsVisual IllusionsLanding IllusionsLanding IllusionsSpatial DisorientationSpatial DisorientationHypoxiaHypoxiaADM (Aeronautical Decision Making)ADM (Aeronautical Decision Making)
VisionVisionNight FlightNight FlightVisual IllusionsVisual IllusionsLanding IllusionsLanding IllusionsSpatial DisorientationSpatial DisorientationHypoxiaHypoxiaADM (Aeronautical Decision Making)ADM (Aeronautical Decision Making)
Quote of the Day:Quote of the Day:Quote of the Day:Quote of the Day:
““IM SAFE”IM SAFE”““IM SAFE”IM SAFE”
VisionVisionVisionVisionVision Vision
result of light passing through the cornea result of light passing through the cornea and striking a lens.and striking a lens.
RetinaRetinaConesConesRodsRods
Vision Vision result of light passing through the cornea result of light passing through the cornea
and striking a lens.and striking a lens.
RetinaRetinaConesConesRodsRods
VisionVisionVisionVision
Cones Cones perceive color and depth perceive color and depth concentrated in the foveaconcentrated in the fovea
RodsRods concentrated outside the fovea concentrated outside the fovea dim light and night receivers. dim light and night receivers. 10,000 time more sensitive to light than cones10,000 time more sensitive to light than cones Primary receptors to night vision and peripheral Primary receptors to night vision and peripheral
visionvisionNight Blind spot Night Blind spot Anatomical Blind spotAnatomical Blind spot
Cones Cones perceive color and depth perceive color and depth concentrated in the foveaconcentrated in the fovea
RodsRods concentrated outside the fovea concentrated outside the fovea dim light and night receivers. dim light and night receivers. 10,000 time more sensitive to light than cones10,000 time more sensitive to light than cones Primary receptors to night vision and peripheral Primary receptors to night vision and peripheral
visionvisionNight Blind spot Night Blind spot Anatomical Blind spotAnatomical Blind spot
Dark AdaptationDark AdaptationDark AdaptationDark Adaptation
Visual Purple (Rhodopsin) Visual Purple (Rhodopsin) Light absorbing protein in membrane of rodsLight absorbing protein in membrane of rods Allows rods to detect images in the dark Allows rods to detect images in the dark
Night flightNight flight 30 minutes required for full adaptation to dark30 minutes required for full adaptation to dark
Red lightsRed lights Rods least affected by red light’s wavelengthRods least affected by red light’s wavelength Minimal contraction of irisMinimal contraction of iris
Visual Purple (Rhodopsin) Visual Purple (Rhodopsin) Light absorbing protein in membrane of rodsLight absorbing protein in membrane of rods Allows rods to detect images in the dark Allows rods to detect images in the dark
Night flightNight flight 30 minutes required for full adaptation to dark30 minutes required for full adaptation to dark
Red lightsRed lights Rods least affected by red light’s wavelengthRods least affected by red light’s wavelength Minimal contraction of irisMinimal contraction of iris
Night Flight ChecklistNight Flight ChecklistNight Flight ChecklistNight Flight Checklist
Get dark adapted prior to flightGet dark adapted prior to flightKeep glasses and windscreen cleanKeep glasses and windscreen cleanLook off to side 15Look off to side 15oo while scanning while scanningClose one eye if using bright light Close one eye if using bright light Properly use oxygenProperly use oxygenQuit SmokingQuit SmokingVitamin AVitamin AGet adequate restGet adequate rest
Get dark adapted prior to flightGet dark adapted prior to flightKeep glasses and windscreen cleanKeep glasses and windscreen cleanLook off to side 15Look off to side 15oo while scanning while scanningClose one eye if using bright light Close one eye if using bright light Properly use oxygenProperly use oxygenQuit SmokingQuit SmokingVitamin AVitamin AGet adequate restGet adequate rest
Visual IllusionsVisual IllusionsVisual IllusionsVisual Illusions
False HorizonsFalse HorizonsBlack Hole Black Hole
ApproachApproachLanding IllusionsLanding Illusions
False HorizonsFalse HorizonsBlack Hole Black Hole
ApproachApproachLanding IllusionsLanding Illusions
Visual IllusionsVisual IllusionsVisual IllusionsVisual Illusions False HorizonsFalse Horizons
Natural horizon is Natural horizon is obscured or not apparent obscured or not apparent
Attempting to realign Attempting to realign yourself to false horizon yourself to false horizon can lead to a dangerous can lead to a dangerous flight attitudeflight attitude
Black Hole ApproachBlack Hole Approach Long, straight-in Long, straight-in
approach at night to a approach at night to a brightly lit runway brightly lit runway over featureless and over featureless and unlit terrainunlit terrain
Pilot attempts to maintain Pilot attempts to maintain visual anglevisual angle
False HorizonsFalse Horizons Natural horizon is Natural horizon is
obscured or not apparent obscured or not apparent Attempting to realign Attempting to realign
yourself to false horizon yourself to false horizon can lead to a dangerous can lead to a dangerous flight attitudeflight attitude
Black Hole ApproachBlack Hole Approach Long, straight-in Long, straight-in
approach at night to a approach at night to a brightly lit runway brightly lit runway over featureless and over featureless and unlit terrainunlit terrain
Pilot attempts to maintain Pilot attempts to maintain visual anglevisual angle
Landing IllusionsLanding IllusionsLanding IllusionsLanding Illusions
Sloping runwaysSloping runwaysRunway widthRunway widthTerrainTerrainWeather conditionsWeather conditionsVisibilityVisibility
Sloping runwaysSloping runwaysRunway widthRunway widthTerrainTerrainWeather conditionsWeather conditionsVisibilityVisibility
IllusionsIllusionsIllusionsIllusions
Approach IllusionsApproach IllusionsApproach IllusionsApproach IllusionsSituationSituation IllusionIllusion ResultResult
Up-sloping RunwayUp-sloping Runway HigherHigher Lower ApproachesLower Approaches
Narrow RunwayNarrow Runway HigherHigher Lower ApproachesLower Approaches
Featureless TerrainFeatureless Terrain HigherHigher Lower ApproachesLower Approaches
Rain on WindshieldRain on Windshield HigherHigher Lower ApproachesLower Approaches
HazeHaze HigherHigher Lower ApproachesLower Approaches
Down-sloping RunwayDown-sloping Runway LowerLower Higher ApproachesHigher Approaches
Wider RunwayWider Runway LowerLower Higher ApproachesHigher Approaches
Bright RunwayBright Runway CloserCloser Higher ApproachesHigher Approaches
Example – Runway WidthExample – Runway WidthExample – Runway WidthExample – Runway Width
Sloping RunwaySloping RunwaySloping RunwaySloping Runway
DisorientationDisorientationDisorientationDisorientation
The incorrect mental The incorrect mental image of your image of your position, attitude, or position, attitude, or movementmovement
Three sources of Three sources of input:input: Kinesthetic SenseKinesthetic Sense VisionVision Vestibular SystemVestibular System
The incorrect mental The incorrect mental image of your image of your position, attitude, or position, attitude, or movementmovement
Three sources of Three sources of input:input: Kinesthetic SenseKinesthetic Sense VisionVision Vestibular SystemVestibular System
Kinesthetic and VestibularKinesthetic and VestibularKinesthetic and VestibularKinesthetic and Vestibular
Awareness of position obtained from the Awareness of position obtained from the nerves in your skin, joints, and muscles.nerves in your skin, joints, and muscles.
““Fly by the seat of your pants”Fly by the seat of your pants”Rely upon kinesthetic and vestibular Rely upon kinesthetic and vestibular
senses in low visibilitysenses in low visibilityProblem: UNRELIABLEProblem: UNRELIABLE
Factors such as fatigue, high workload, Factors such as fatigue, high workload, alcohol, and anxiety add to susceptibility alcohol, and anxiety add to susceptibility to disorientation and visual illusions.to disorientation and visual illusions.
Awareness of position obtained from the Awareness of position obtained from the nerves in your skin, joints, and muscles.nerves in your skin, joints, and muscles.
““Fly by the seat of your pants”Fly by the seat of your pants”Rely upon kinesthetic and vestibular Rely upon kinesthetic and vestibular
senses in low visibilitysenses in low visibilityProblem: UNRELIABLEProblem: UNRELIABLE
Factors such as fatigue, high workload, Factors such as fatigue, high workload, alcohol, and anxiety add to susceptibility alcohol, and anxiety add to susceptibility to disorientation and visual illusions.to disorientation and visual illusions.
What Can I do?What Can I do?What Can I do?What Can I do?
Rely on the instruments Rely on the instruments Regardless of how your Regardless of how your
body feels, maintaining body feels, maintaining orientation during flight at orientation during flight at night or in marginal night or in marginal weather conditions is key.weather conditions is key.
Rely on the instruments Rely on the instruments Regardless of how your Regardless of how your
body feels, maintaining body feels, maintaining orientation during flight at orientation during flight at night or in marginal night or in marginal weather conditions is key.weather conditions is key.
Illusions Leading to Illusions Leading to DisorientationDisorientation
Illusions Leading to Illusions Leading to DisorientationDisorientation
Graveyard SpiralGraveyard SpiralTurn Tightens as Pilot tries to Turn Tightens as Pilot tries to
raise noseraise nose
LeansLeansDesire to turn opposite Desire to turn opposite
direction after rolling out of a direction after rolling out of a turnturn
Inversion IllusionInversion IllusionAbrupt change from climb to Abrupt change from climb to
straight and levelstraight and level
Graveyard SpiralGraveyard SpiralTurn Tightens as Pilot tries to Turn Tightens as Pilot tries to
raise noseraise nose
LeansLeansDesire to turn opposite Desire to turn opposite
direction after rolling out of a direction after rolling out of a turnturn
Inversion IllusionInversion IllusionAbrupt change from climb to Abrupt change from climb to
straight and levelstraight and level
HypoxiaHypoxiaHypoxiaHypoxiaOxygen deficiency in the bloodstreamOxygen deficiency in the bloodstreamSymptoms:Symptoms:
Headache, fatigueHeadache, fatigue Light headed or dizzy sensation, lethargicLight headed or dizzy sensation, lethargic Tingling or warming sensations, sweatingTingling or warming sensations, sweating SleepinessSleepiness Cyanosis (discoloration of fingernails and lips)Cyanosis (discoloration of fingernails and lips) EuphoriaEuphoria
EffectsEffects Lack of clear thinkingLack of clear thinking After time, unconsciousness After time, unconsciousness
Oxygen deficiency in the bloodstreamOxygen deficiency in the bloodstreamSymptoms:Symptoms:
Headache, fatigueHeadache, fatigue Light headed or dizzy sensation, lethargicLight headed or dizzy sensation, lethargic Tingling or warming sensations, sweatingTingling or warming sensations, sweating SleepinessSleepiness Cyanosis (discoloration of fingernails and lips)Cyanosis (discoloration of fingernails and lips) EuphoriaEuphoria
EffectsEffects Lack of clear thinkingLack of clear thinking After time, unconsciousness After time, unconsciousness
HyperventilationHyperventilationHyperventilationHyperventilationToo much OxygenToo much OxygenNot enough Carbon DioxideNot enough Carbon DioxideSymptomsSymptoms
DizzinessDizziness Hot and cold sensationsHot and cold sensations SleepinessSleepiness Tingling of hands, legs, and Tingling of hands, legs, and
feetfeet
RemedyRemedy Breathe into brown paper bagBreathe into brown paper bag Talk AloudTalk Aloud
Too much OxygenToo much OxygenNot enough Carbon DioxideNot enough Carbon DioxideSymptomsSymptoms
DizzinessDizziness Hot and cold sensationsHot and cold sensations SleepinessSleepiness Tingling of hands, legs, and Tingling of hands, legs, and
feetfeet
RemedyRemedy Breathe into brown paper bagBreathe into brown paper bag Talk AloudTalk Aloud
ADMADMADMADM
Systematic approach to the mental Systematic approach to the mental process used to determine best course process used to determine best course of action of action
Dangerous TendenciesDangerous TendenciesScud RunningScud RunningContinuing Visual Flight into IMCContinuing Visual Flight into IMCNeglect of ChecklistsNeglect of Checklists
Systematic approach to the mental Systematic approach to the mental process used to determine best course process used to determine best course of action of action
Dangerous TendenciesDangerous TendenciesScud RunningScud RunningContinuing Visual Flight into IMCContinuing Visual Flight into IMCNeglect of ChecklistsNeglect of Checklists
Hazardous AttitudesHazardous AttitudesHazardous AttitudesHazardous Attitudes
AttitudesAttitudes AntiauthorityAntiauthority
ImpulsivityImpulsivity
MachoMacho
ResignationResignation
AttitudesAttitudes AntiauthorityAntiauthority
ImpulsivityImpulsivity
MachoMacho
ResignationResignation
AntidotesAntidotes Follow the RulesFollow the Rules
Think firstThink first
It could happen to It could happen to meme
I’m not helplessI’m not helpless
AntidotesAntidotes Follow the RulesFollow the Rules
Think firstThink first
It could happen to It could happen to meme
I’m not helplessI’m not helpless
Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?
““Aviation in itself is not inherently Aviation in itself is not inherently dangerous. But to an even greater dangerous. But to an even greater degree than the sea, it is degree than the sea, it is unforgiving of any carelessness, unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity, or neglect”incapacity, or neglect”
-Anonymous-Anonymous
““Aviation in itself is not inherently Aviation in itself is not inherently dangerous. But to an even greater dangerous. But to an even greater degree than the sea, it is degree than the sea, it is unforgiving of any carelessness, unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity, or neglect”incapacity, or neglect”
-Anonymous-Anonymous