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ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ ΙΙΙ

Ενότητα 1: Engineering

Σταυρούλα Ταβουλτζίδου

Τμήμα Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών ΤΕ

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Άδειες Χρήσης

• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons.

• Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας

χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς.

Χρηματοδότηση

• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού

έργου του διδάσκοντα.

• Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο TEI Δυτικής Μακεδονίας

και στην Ανώτατη Εκκλησιαστική Ακαδημία Θεσσαλονίκης» έχει

χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.

• Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος

«Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την

Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους.

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Περιεχόμενα

1. Σκοποί ενότητας ................................................................................................ 4

2. Περιεχόμενα ενότητας........................................................................................ 4

3. PART I: WARMING UP ..................................................................................... 4

3.1 PREDICTING THE CONTENT/ELICITING VOCABULARY ........................ 4

4. PART II: READING AND COMPREHENSION ................................................... 4

4.1 SKIMMING .................................................................................................. 6

4.1.1 SCANNING- CHECKING FACTS AND IDEAS ..................................... 6

5. PART III: INFORMATION TRANSFER .............................................................. 7

6. Present Perfect ................................................................................................ 11

6.1.1 Regular verbs (ομαλά ρήματα) ........................................................... 11

6.1.2 Irregular verbs (ανώμαλα ρήματα) ...................................................... 11

7. Glossary .......................................................................................................... 13

8. Βιβλιογραφία ................................................................................................... 17

9. Παράρτημα ...................................................................................................... 17

Περιεχόμενα εικόνων

Εικόνα 1: Decide which word. (A, B, or C) best fits each space. ................................ 7

Εικόνα 2: Notice the difference between the sentences. ............................................ 9

Περιεχόμενα Πινάκων

Πίνακας 1: Identifying/ practicing grammatical structures. ......................................... 8

Πίνακας 2: Regular verbs (ομαλά ρήματα). .............................................................. 11

Πίνακας 3: Irregular verbs (ανώμαλα ρήματα). ........................................................ 11

Πίνακας 4: Glossary. ............................................................................................... 13

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1. Σκοποί ενότητας Εισαγωγή στην ορολογία των μηχανικών.

2. Περιεχόμενα ενότητας PART I: WARMING UP.

PART II: READING AND COMPREHENSION.

PART III: INFORMATION TRANSFER.

PART IV: USE OF LANGUAGE.

3. PART I: WARMING UP

3.1 PREDICTING THE CONTENT/ELICITING VOCABULARY Use background knowledge to list the main branches of Engineering. Combine your list with others in your group. Then read the text that follows to find out how many of the branches listed are mentioned.

4. PART II: READING AND COMPREHENSION 1. Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the

mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature.

2. The main branches of engineering are discussed below in alphabetical order. The engineer who works in any of these fields usually requires a basic knowledge of the other engineering fields, because most engineering problems are complex and interrelated. Thus a chemical engineer designing a plant for the electrolytic refining of metal ores must deal with the design of structures, machinery, and electrical devices, as well as with purely chemical problems.

3. Aeronautics deals with the whole field of design, manufacture, maintenance, testing, and use of aircraft for both civilian and military purposes. Aerospace engineering is closely allied to aeronautics, but is concerned with the flight of vehicles in space, beyond the earth's atmosphere, and includes the study and development of rocket engines, artificial satellites, and spacecraft for the exploration of outer space.

4. This branch of engineering is concerned with the design, construction, and management of factories in which the essential processes consist of chemical reactions.

5. It is perhaps the broadest of the engineering fields, for it deals with the creation, improvement, and protection of the communal environment, providing facilities for living, industry and transportation, including large buildings, roads, bridges, canals, railroad lines, airports, water-supply systems, dams, irrigation, harbors, docks, aqueducts, tunnels, and other engineered constructions.

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6. The largest and most diverse field of engineering, it is concerned with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals.

7. This branch of engineering includes activities related to the discovery and exploration of mineral deposits and the financing, construction, development, operation, recovery, processing, purification, and marketing of crude minerals and mineral products.

8. This field pertains to the efficient use of machinery, labor, and raw materials in industrial production. It is particularly important from the viewpoint of costs and economics of production, safety of human operators, and the most advantageous deployment of automatic machinery.

9. Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into (1) machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and (2) heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning.

10. This branch is concerned with the application of the engineering sciences to military purposes. It is generally divided into permanent land defense and field engineering.

11. Engineers who have the overall responsibility for designing and supervising construction of ships are called naval architects. Marine engineering is a specialized branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems, both mechanical and electrical, needed to propel a ship.

12. This branch of engineering is concerned with the design and construction of nuclear reactors and devices, and the manner in which nuclear fission may find practical applications, such as the production of commercial power from the energy generated by nuclear reactions and the use of nuclear reactors for propulsion and of nuclear radiation to induce chemical and biological changes.

13. This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. In recent years safety engineering has become a specialty adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering.

14. This is a branch of civil engineering, but because of its great importance for a healthy environment, especially in dense urban-population areas, it has acquired the importance of a specialized field. It chiefly deals with problems involving water supply, treatment, and distribution; disposal of community wastes and reclamation of useful components of such wastes; control of pollution of surface waterways, groundwaters, and soils; milk and food sanitation; housing and institutional sanitation; rural and recreational-site sanitation; insect and vermin control; control of atmospheric pollution; industrial hygiene, including control of light, noise, vibration, and toxic materials in work areas; and other fields concerned with the control of environmental factors affecting health.

Source: "Engineering," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1998 Microsoft

Corporation.

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4.1 SKIMMING Skim the text to get a general impression of what it is about. Then choose the most

suitable heading from the list (A-F) below for each section (1-14) of the text. Place

the appropriate letter next to the corresponding section number in the box provided.

There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.

A. Civil Engineering.

B. Chemical Engineering.

C. Mechanical Engineering.

D. Naval or Marine Engineering.

E. Fields of Engineering.

F. Safety Engineering.

G. Engineering.

H. Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

I. Industrial or Management Engineering.

J. Nuclear Engineering.

K. Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering.

L. Geological and Mining Engineering.

M. Sanitary Engineering.

N. Military Engineering.

4.1.1 SCANNING- CHECKING FACTS AND IDEAS Decide if these statements are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the passage to support

your decisions.

1. An engineer who works in an engineering field does not usually require a basic knowledge of the other engineering fields.

2. Aeronautical and aerospace refer to the same branch of engineering. 3. Chemical engineering is concerned with the development and design,

application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals.

4. Electrical engineering is concerned with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals.

5. Industrial or management engineering pertains to the efficient use of machinery, labor, and raw materials in industrial production.

6. Mechanical engineers design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types. 7. Marine engineers design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types.

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8. Military engineers have the overall responsibility for designing and supervising construction of ships.

9. Sanitary engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. 10. Safety engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents.

5. PART III: INFORMATION TRANSFER III.1. Decide which word. (A, B, or C) best fits each space.

The term …………….1 properly denotes a person who has received ……………..2

training in pure and applied science, but is often loosely used to describe the

operator of an ……….., 3 as in the terms locomotive engineer, marine engineer, or

stationary engineer. In modern terminology these latter ……………..4 are known as

crafts or trades. Between the ………….5 engineer and the craftsperson or

tradesperson, however, are those individuals known as subprofessionals or

paraprofessionals, who apply scientific and engineering skills to ………….6

problems; typical of these are engineering aides, technicians, inspectors, draftsmen,

and the like. Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was

usually placed in the hands of ………….7 engineers. Military engineering involved

such work as the preparation of …………….8 maps, the location, design, and

construction of ………….9 and bridges; and the building of forts and docks. In the

18th century, however, the term ………….10 engineering came into use to describe

engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes. With the

increasing use of machinery in the 19th century, ……………..11 engineering was

recognized as a separate branch of engineering, and later mining engineering was

similarly recognized. The technical advances of the 19th century greatly broadened

the field of engineering and ………….. 12 a large number of engineering specialties,

and the rapidly changing ………….13 of the socioeconomic environment in the 20th

century have widened the scope even further.

Εικόνα 1: Decide which word. (A, B, or C) best fits each space.

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Source: Writer (2015).

IV.1.1. IDENTIFYING/ PRACTISING GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES.

Step I: Look at the text and underline the sentences in the Present Perfect Tense.

Step II: Look at this timetable for the Electrical Engineering Department of a

University.

Say what has already happened and what has not happened yet, as in the example:

e.g. That lecture hasn't taken place yet. It's tomorrow.

The seminar has already taken place. It took place yesterday.

Πίνακας 1: Identifying/ practicing grammatical structures.


TIME MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

09.00 Prof.Jones Industrial Automation (L)

Prof.Jones Industrial Automation (S)

Mr Roberts Industrial Management (L)

Mr Roberts Renewable Sources of Energy (L)

Mr Roberts Renewable Sources of Energy (S)

10.00 Mr Smith (L) Quality Control

Prof.Jones Industrial Automation (T)

Mr Roberts Heat Transfer (L)

Prof.Jones Steam Turbines and Boilers

Mr Smith (T) Quality Control

11.00 Mr Smith (L) Heating Cooling Air Conditioning

Mr Smith (L) Internal Combustion Engines

Mr Smith (L) Internal Combustion Engines

Mr Roberts Electrical Machines (S)

Prof.Jones Steam Turbines and Boilers (T)

14.00 Mr Smith (S) Internal Combustion Engines

Mr Smith (T) Heating Cooling Air Conditioning

Mr Smith (T) Internal Combustion Engines

L = Lecture, S = Seminar, T = Tutorial.

Step III: Notice the difference between the sentences below:

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Εικόνα 2: Notice the difference between the sentences.


Step IV: Now complete the conversation between two students below. Be careful

which tense you use.

ANDREW: I (not see).......…… you at Professor Jones' lecture yesterday, John.

Where (be) …....... you ?

JOHN: I (forget)..…….... all about it. I (start) ......…...the essay two days ago and I

(want).……...... to finish it before the lecture. It's a pity.

It's the first lecture I (miss)…........ so far this term.

ANDREW: I (not complete)........... the reading for that essay yet. I (go)......... to the

library yesterday, but the books (not be) ....... there.

JOHN: I (never find)......... the books I need in the library since I (come)........ to this

school a year ago. Someone (just take)........ them out each time I go there.

Something ought to be done about...

III.1.2. PRACTISING GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES.

Choose the correct word/s to fill the gaps:

1. There are fourteen members of the European Union; most ............. in 1958. a) have joined b) joined c) already joined

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2. There's a new play on in London. It ............ at the Theatre Royal. a) has just opened b) has opened c) opened 3. I wrote an essay last night, but I ........... time to type it yet. a) didn't have b) haven't had c) don't have 4. The population of London increased dramatically until 1945, but since then it

.............. dramatically. a) has decreased b) decreased c) is decreasing 5. Chidren .............. the right to vote, and they probably never will. a) never had b) have never had c) didn't have 6. Many countries are poor; some of them .............. for many years. a) are b) were c) have been 7. I have taken the driving test four times; the last time .................. in March. a) was b) is c) has been 8. That meal was wonderful! I .............. such delicious chicken! a) never had b) have never had c) haven't had 9. I wish I could get a job. I .............. for so many. a) applied b) had applied c) have applied 10. She's still young, but she ............ a lot in her short life.

a) has achieved b) achieves c) achieved


Look carefully at these sentences and decide if they are grammatically correct or not.

1. Spain joined the EU in 1987. Y/N.

2. Greece has been a member of the EU since 1987. Y/N.

3. Spain is a member of the EU since 1987. Y/N.

4. Greece has joined the EU in 1987. Y/N.

5. Turkey hasn't joined the EU yet. Y/N.

6. France joined the EU for many years. Y/N.

7. Denmark was a member of the EU since 1973. Y/N.

8. The EU has recently harmonized its employment laws after many years of negotiation. Y/N.

9. Britain has disputed EU policy on several occasions. Y/N.


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Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. You may have to change the word order. 1. Ireland (be) a member of the EU since 1973. 2. I never (visit) Paris, but I (go) to Versailles last year. 3. British Airways just (announce) a new fare to Moscow. 4. Peter (not finish) his homework yet. 5. Maria ever (see) a bullfight?

6. Present Perfect I. ΣΧΗΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΣ.

Ο Present Perfect (Παρακείμενος Απλός) σχηματίζεται με το βοηθητικό ρήμα

have/has και την Παθητική Μετοχή (Past Participle) του ρήματος.

π.χ. Τhey have worked.

They have gone.

Η Παθητική Μετοχή των Ρημάτων σχηματίζεται:

Στα Ομαλά Ρήματα με την κατάληξη -ed.

Στα Ανώμαλα Ρήματα είναι ένας ξεχωριστός τύπος (ο τρίτος τύπος στη λίστα

των ανωμάλων ρημάτων).

6.1 Regular verbs (ομαλά ρήματα) Πίνακας 2: Regular verbs (ομαλά ρήματα).


AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION NEGATIVE

I have (I’ve) worked Have I worked? I have not (haven’t)worked

you have (you’ve) worked

Have you worked? you have not (haven’t) worked

he/she/it has (’s) worked

Has he/she/it worked? he/she/it has (hasn’t) worked

we have (we’ve) worked Have we worked? we have not (haven’t) worked

you have (you’ve) worked

Have you worked? you have not (haven’t) worked

6.2 Irregular verbs (ανώμαλα ρήματα) Πίνακας 3: Irregular verbs (ανώμαλα ρήματα).


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AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION NEGATIVE

I have (I’ve) made have I made? I have not (haven’t) made

you have (you’ve) made have you made? you have not (haven’t) made

he/she/it has (’s) made has he/she/it made? he/she/it has (hasn’t) made

we have (we’ve) made have we made? we have not (haven’t) made

you have (you’ve) made have you made? you have not (haven’t) made

ΙΙ. ΧΡΗΣΗ.

για μια πράξη που έγινε στο παρελθόν σε απροσδιόριστο χρόνο. Ο ακριβής

χρόνος δε μας ενδιαφέρει και δεν τον αναφέρουμε. Δίνουμε περισσότερη

σημασία στην πράξη και όχι στο χρόνο.

π.χ. They have moved to a new house.

για μια πράξη που άρχισε στο παρελθόν και συνεχίζεται στο παρόν.

π.χ. He has been an electrical engineer since 1992.

για μια πράξη που ολοκληρώθηκε πρόσφατα και το αποτέλεσμα αυτής της

πράξης είναι ορατό στο παρόν.

π.χ. They have done their shopping (They are outside the supermarket).

με τις εκφράσεις today, this morning/afternoon, κλπ όταν η συγκεκριμένη

χρονική περίοδος δεν έχει τελειώσει τη στιγμή που μιλάμε.

π.χ. He has met three clients this morning (It’s still morning).

ΙΙΙ. ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ.

Οι χρονικές εκφράσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται με τον Present Perfect είναι:

Affirmative.

For (=για, δείχνει διάρκεια) - π.χ. Ι have been a teacher for ten years.

Since (= από, δείχνει αφετηρία χρόνου) - π.χ. Ι have been a teacher since 1990.

Already (= κιόλας, ήδη) - π.χ. We have already finished unit three.

Just (= μόλις) - π.χ. I have just had lunch.

Always (= πάντα) - π.χ. He has always wanted to become an Engineer.

Recently (=πρόσφατα) - π.χ. They have recently published a book.

Questions.

Ever (=ποτέ) π.χ. Have you ever attended Mr Jones’ lectures?

How long (=πόσο καιρό) π.χ. How long have you worked there?

Yet (= ακόμη/ήδη) π.χ. Have you finished the test yet?

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Lately (= πρόσφατα, τελευταία) π.χ. Have you seen any good films lately?

Negations.

For (=για) π.χ. I haven’t studied for days.

Since (= από) π.χ. They haven’t been at the TEI since October.

Yet (= ακόμη π.χ. He hasn’t passed Maths yet.

Lately (= πρόσφατα, τελευταία) π.χ. We haven’t been to a pub lately.

Never (=ποτέ) π.χ. John has never worked as a barman.

7. Glossary Πίνακας 4: Glossary.


acquire αποκτώ

activity δραστηριότητα/ενέργεια/δράση

adopt υιοθετώ/αποδέχομαι

advance πρόοδος/προαγωγή

advantageous επωφελής/πλεονεκτικός/χρήσιμος

Αeronautical & Αerospace Εngineering Αεροναυτική & Αεροδιαστημική Μηχανική

Αeronautics Αεροναυτική

Αerospace Εngineering Αεροδιαστημική Μηχανική

aid βοήθεια/βοήθημα

aircraft αεροσκάφος

ally συνδέω (δια συμμαχίας/γάμου)

announce αγγέλω/αναγγέλω

application εφαρμογή

applied science εφαρμοσμένη επιστήμη

apply εφαρμόζω

aqueduct υδραγωγείο

artificial τεχνητός /ψεύτικος

beyond πέρα από

beyond dispute πέραν πάσης αμφισβητήσεως

branch διακλάδωση/κλάδος

bridge γέφυρα

broad ευρύχωρος/ευρύς /πλατύς

broaden πλαταίνω/διευρύνω-ομαι

canal διώρυγα/κανάλι

Chemical Engineering Χημική Μηχανική

chemical reaction χημική αντίδραση

chiefly κυρίως

Civil Engineering Πολιτική Μηχανική

civilian πολίτης/ιδιώτης

closely προσεκτικά/στενά/πολύ

communal κοινοτικός

construction κατασκευή/δημιουργία

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craft τέχνη

craftsperson τεχνίτης

creation δημιουργία

crude mineral ακατέργαστο ορυκτό

dam φράγμα

deal with ασχολούμαι

decrease μειώνω/ελαττώνω

denote δηλώνω/δείχνω

dense πυκνός

deployment ανάπτυξη/παράταξη

development ανάπτυξη

device συσκευή/εξάρτημα/μονάδα/επινόηση ηλεκτρικών συσκευών

discovery ανακάλυψη

disposal διάταξη/διεξαγωγή/διάθεση

dispute συζητώ/λογομαχώ/αμφισβητώ

distribution διανομή

diverse ποικίλος/διαφορετικός

dock προκυμαία/αποβάθρα/δεξαμενή

draftsmαn σχεδιαστής

efficient ικανός/αποτελεσματικός/αποδοτικός

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ηλεκτρική & Ηλεκτρονική Μηχανική

electrolytic ηλεκτρολυτικός

essential απαραίτητος

exploration εξερεύνηση

facility ευκολία/άνεση

fare εισιτήριο/ναύλος

field πεδίο/τομέας

finance χρηματοδοτώ

flight πτήση

force δύναμη/εξαναγκάζω

fort φρούριο/κάστρο

further μακρύτερα/περαιτέρω/επιπλέον

gain κερδίζω/αποκτώ

Geological and Mining Engineering Γεωλογική & Μεταλλειολογική Μηχανική

groundwaters υπόγεια ύδατα

harbor λιμάνι

harmonise εναρμονίζω

heating θέρμανση

housing στέγαση/αποθήκευση

human operator ανθρώπινος χειριστής

hydraulics υδραυλική

hygiene υγιεινή

improvement βελτίωση

include περιλαμβάνω

increase αυξάνω/αύξηση

individual ιδιαίτερος/ξεχωριστός/ατομικός/ προσωπικός/άτομο/άνθρωπος

induce επάγω

Industrial or Management Engineering Βιομηχανική Διαχειριστική Μηχανική

industry βιομηχανία

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insect ΄εντομο

inspector επιθεωρητής/επόπτης/ελεγκτής

institutional καθιερωμένος/σχετικός με το ίδρυμα/θεσμικός

institutional sanitation καθιερωμένη υγιεινή

interrelate αλληλεξάρτηση/αλληλοσυνδέω

irrigation άρδευση

join ενώνω/συνδέω

labor δουλειά/μόχθος/κόπος/εργασία

land defence άμυνα εδάφους

large-scale εκτεταμένος/μεγάλης κλίμακας

living ζωή/τρόπος ζωής

locomotive μηχανή τραίνου

loosely χαλαρά /χωρίς ακρίβεια,αυστηρότητα

maintenance διατήρηση/συντήρηση

management διεύθυνση/διαχείριση

manufacture παράγω,κατασκευάζω βιομηχανικά προϊόντα/παραγωγή, κατασκευή

manufactured goods βιομηχανικά αγαθά

marine engineer ναυτικός μηχανικός

Marine Engineering Ναυτική Μηχανική

Mechanical Engineering Μηχανολογική Μηχανική

military στρατιωτικός

mineral ορυκτό

mineral deposits ορυκτά αποθέματα

Naval or Marine Engineering Μηχανική του Πολεμικού Ναυτικού ή Ναυτική Μηχανική

negotiation διαπραγμάτευση

nonmilitary μη στρατιωτικός

Nuclear Engineering Πυρηνική Μηχανική

nuclear fission πυρηνική διάσπαση

nuclear radiation πυρηνική ακτινοβολία

nuclear reactor πυρηνικός αντιδραστήρας

object αντικείμενο/στόχος/σκοπός

operation λειτουργία/εργασία/εφαρμογή/ισχύς/ χειρισμός

ore μετάλλευμα

outer εξωτερικός

overall ολικός/γενικός/συνολικός

particularly ιδιαιτέρως/ειδικά/συγεκριμένα

perform εκτελώ

permanent μόνιμος

pertain ανήκω/αναφέρομαι/χαρακτηρίζω

pneumatics πνευματικός/αέρινος/αυτός που δουλεύει με πεπιεσμένο αέρα

policy πολιτική/τακτική

prevention πρόληψη

process διαδικασία/πορεία/εξέλιξη/μέθοδος/ επεξεργασία

processing επεξεργασία

profession επάγγελμα

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propel προωθώ/κινώ προς τα μπρος

properly σωστά/στην κυριολεξία

propulsion πρόωση/προώθηση

protection προστασία

provide παρέχω/προνοώ

purely καθαρά/απολύτως/εντελώς

purification εξαγνισμός/καθαρμός/καθαρισμός

purpose σκοπός

railroad line σιδηροδρομική γραμμή (AmE)

raw materials ακατέργαστα υλικά

reclamation αναμόρφωση/επανόρθωση/ εγγειοβελτίωση/αποκατάσταση

recovery ανάκτηση/επανόρθωση/ανάρρωση

recreational-site τόπος αναψυχής

refining καθαρισμός/διϋλισμός

relate συγγενεύω/σχετίζομαι με

require απαιτώ/ζητώ/χρειάζομαι

responsibility υπευθυνότητα

rocket engine πύραυλος

rural αγροτικός/εξοχικός

safety ασφάλεια/προστασία/σιγουριά

Safety Engineering Μηχανική Ασφαλείας

Sanitary Engineering Μηχανική Υγιεινής/Υγιειονολογίας

sanitation υγιεινή/εξυγείανσηαποχέτευση

satellite δορυφόρος

scientific επιστημονικός

scope ευκαιρία/περιθώριο/πεδίο δράσεως/όρια αντιλήψεως/ σφαίρα ενδιαφερόντων

signal σήμα/σύνθημα/σινιάλο

similarly παρόμοια

skill ικανότητα/επιδεξιότητα

socioeconomic κοινονικοοικονομικός

space διάστημα/κενό/χώρος

specialty ειδικότητα

stationary engineer μηχανικός ξηράς

structure δομή

study μελέτη/μελετώ/σπουδάζω

supervise διευθύνω/εποπτεύω/επιστατώ/ επιβλέπω

technician τεχνικός/τεχνίτης

term όρος/περίοδος

testing εξέταση/δοκιμασία

trade εμπόριο/επάγγελμα/επιτήδευμα/ τέχνη

train εκπαιδεύω/τραίνο

transportation μεταφορά

treatment μεταχείριση/πραγμάτευση/θεραπεία

tunnel τούνελ/σήραγγα

urban-population αστικός πληθυσμός

vehicle όχημα

ventilating εξαερισμός

17


vermin βλαβερά ζώα/παράσιτα

vibration κραδασμός/δόνηση

wastes απόβλητα

water-supply systems συστήματα παροχής νερού

waterway υδάτινη οδός/πλωτή διώρυγα

widen πλαταίνω/φαρδαίνω

8. Βιβλιογραφία Ταβουλτζίδου, Σ. (n.d.). Ορολογία για Ηλεκτρολόγους Μηχανικούς.

9. Παράρτημα Σημείο αναφοράς. Copyright ΤΕΙ Δυτικής Μακεδονίας, Σταυρούλα Ταβουλτζίδου. «ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ ΙΙΙ».

Κοζάνη 2015. Έκδοση: 1.0. Κοζάνη 2015.

Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης.

Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της άδειας χρήσης Creative Commons

Αναφορά, Μη Εμπορική Χρήση Παρόμοια Διανομή 4.0 [1] ή μεταγενέστερη, Διεθνής

Έκδοση. Εξαιρούνται τα αυτοτελή έργα τρίτων π.χ. φωτογραφίες, διαγράμματα

κ.λ.π., τα οποία εμπεριέχονται σε αυτό και τα οποία αναφέρονται μαζί με τους όρους

χρήσης τους στο «Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων».

[1] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Ως Μη Εμπορική ορίζεται η χρήση:

που δεν περιλαμβάνει άμεσο ή έμμεσο οικονομικό όφελος από την χρήση του

έργου, για το διανομέα του έργου και αδειοδόχο.

που δεν περιλαμβάνει οικονομική συναλλαγή ως προϋπόθεση για τη χρήση ή

πρόσβαση στο έργο.

που δεν προσπορίζει στο διανομέα του έργου και αδειοδόχο έμμεσο

οικονομικό όφελος (π.χ. διαφημίσεις) από την προβολή του έργου σε

διαδικτυακό τόπο.

Ο δικαιούχος μπορεί να παρέχει στον αδειοδόχο ξεχωριστή άδεια να χρησιμοποιεί το

έργο για εμπορική χρήση, εφόσον αυτό του ζητηθεί.

Διατήρηση Σημειωμάτων.

Οποιαδήποτε αναπαραγωγή ή διασκευή του υλικού θα πρέπει να συμπεριλαμβάνει:

18

το Σημείωμα Αναφοράς.

το Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης.

τη δήλωση Διατήρησης Σημειωμάτων.

το Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων (εφόσον υπάρχει).

μαζί με τους συνοδευόμενους υπερσυνδέσμους.

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