the atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element...
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Atomic SizeThe atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
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Why do these trends exist?
Atom size increases down a group because you keep moving to a new shell of electrons.
It decreases across a period because you keep adding protons to the nucleus, which has a bigger effect than adding an electron.
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Ions
▪Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms.
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▪Some compounds are composed of particles called ions.▪An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.▪A cation is an ion with a positive charge. ▪An anion is an ion with a negative charge.
Ions
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Ionic SizeCations are always smaller than
the atoms from which they form. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form.
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Siz
e g
en
era
lly
incr
ease
sTrends in Ionic Size
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Ionization Energy
▪ The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called ionization energy.▪The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom is called the first ionization energy. ▪The energy required to remove an electron from an ion with a 1+ charge is called the second ionization energy.
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Trends in Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.Electronegativity
Increases
Ele
ctro
neg
ati
vit
y
Decr
ease
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1. Which of the following sequences is correct for atomic size?a.Mg > Al > Sb.Li > Na > Kc.F > N > Bd.F > Cl > Br
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2. Metals tend toa.gain electrons to form cations.
b.gain electrons to form anions.
c. lose electrons to form anions.
d.lose electrons to form cations.
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3. Which of the following is the most electronegative?a.Clb.Sec.Nad.I