“the collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.” examples? ...
TRANSCRIPT
“The collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.”
Examples?
Heart attack, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, angina
About 2,200 Americans die every day from CVD.
Remains the #1 killer although death rates have declined 30% since 1998.
CVD discriminatesMen more likely to have CVD; women more
likely to dieLower incomes, lower educational levels
and specific ethnicities are more likely to develop CVD.
Oregon.gov, 2010
Heart – consists of four chambersTwo atria – upper chambersTwo ventricles – lower chambers
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=heart+anatomy&view=detail&id=68B0589C15CED38FCFE9519780DC09E0D15B00E1&first=1&FORM=IDFRIR&qpvt=heart+anatomy
The heart contracts and then relaxes in order to pump the blood.Contraction = systoleRelaxation = diastoleBlood pressure is read systolic/diastolicNormal blood pressure: 120/80
Veins and arteriesVeins carry blood to the heartArteries carry blood away from the heart
Atrial fibrillation Irregular atrial
rhythmUsually treated
with medications
Arrhythmia Irregular
heartbeatUsually treated
with medications
Valve problems:Stenosis Incomplete
closureProlapse
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Chest discomfort Discomfort in arms, neck, jaw, stomach Short of breath Cold sweat Nausea, vomiting Lightheadedness, dizziness
Differences between men and women?
ModifiableWhat is the #1
modifiable risk factor?
#2?
Non-modifiableAgeGenderHeredity
Where do income level and education fit in??
Cigarettes, cigars, chew Nicotine is main, active ingredient
Thought to be the most physically addictive drug.Amount of nicotine in products has increased 10%
between 1998 & 2004.
Acts as a stimulant Increases heart rate, blood pressure, alertness,
concentration, memory.May act as mild sedative
Decreases anxiety, irritability, mild depression
3 out of 4 smokers want to quit75% will quit but start again within one year
Source: www.medicineworld.org
Leading preventable cause of death in U.S.Causes more deaths every year than HIV, illegal
drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle accidents, suicides and murders combined!
Smokers die an average of 14 years earlier than non-smokers.
Source: www.cancercontrol.cancer.gov
Regulations Restricting the Sale and Distribution of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco to Protect Children and AdolescentsRestricts sale, distribution, and promotion of
tobacco products to make them less accessible to youth.
Law went into effect June 22, 2010 (FDA, 2010)
http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/CigaretteProductWarningLabels/ucm2024177.htm
(Fda.gov, 2011)
(FDA.gov, 2011)
Thoughts?
Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but….
(FDA.gov, 2011)
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
CDC, 2011
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
CDC,2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8g3e22ycIw
Portion Sizes
Physical Inactivity
(Brownell, 2006)
HyperlipidemiaElevated lipids in the blood
HypercholesterolemiaHigh cholesterol (LDLs usually)
Not always due to dietary intake
http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/ww5r236.jpg
Blood supply is somehow cut off to the brain causing brain cells to die. “Approx. 2 million brain cells die per minute
during a stroke aging the brain about 3.5 years each hour.” (Insel & Roth, 2009)
Important to receive prompt treatment upon onset of symptoms.
Source: http://www.strokesurvivors.ca/new/images/stroke_diagram.gif
Ischemic: blockage in the blood vessel80% of strokes are ischemicTwo types of ischemic strokes.
Thrombotic – blood clot forms in the brain
Embolic – wandering clot travels to the brain
Hemorrhagic – rupture of vessel
~700,000 Americans suffer a stroke every year. 1/3 will die.
Strokes may cause permanent damage Paralysis, speech impairment,
memory loss, behavior changes.
Oregon,gov, 2010
Sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, leg – especially on one side.
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance/coordination Sudden severe headache with no known
cause.
“Give me a smile.” “Hold out your arms” “Say this for me.”
Get help immediately
TIA – “ministroke” Temporary stroke like symptoms Brief, usually only last a few minutes No permanent damage occurs Can be a precursor to a stroke.
Hypertension: arteries are narrowed, causes heart to pump harder which creates more force against the artery walls.
“Silent” – usually no symptoms but damage is still occurring.Can cause damage to almost every organ in the
body. Damage is irreversible.High blood pressure: 140/90
Can have “prehypertension”
Primary (essential):90% of all casesCause is unknown – probably genetics and
environment. Secondary
10% of casesCause is due to medications or other diseases.
Approx. 1/3 of Americans have hypertension.Risk increases with age.
If left untreated, carries high mortality risk.
Risk factors:Family history, race, stress, obesity, tobacco
use, aging, high sodium intake
Complications:Stroke, heart attack, heart failure,
hypertensive retinopathy, renal failure
What does sodium do for you?Helps maintain fluid balanceHelps transmit nerve impulses Influences contraction and relaxation of muscles
Too much sodiumCauses high blood pressureMay lead to fluid retention
The human body requires about 500 mg of sodium per day, while the average American usually ingests between 2,300-6,900 mg each day.
It is recommended to stay in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 mg / day.
www.mayoclinic.com
On food labels:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)Baking sodaBaking powderDisodium phosphateSodium alginateSodium nitrate or nitrite