腹膜 The peritoneum

海南医学院 解剖教研室易西南

概貌 General features The peritoneum is a thin serous membran

e that line the inner surface of the abdominal wall and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities

Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 － lines the inner surface the abdominal and pelvic wall

Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜 －covers the organs

Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔－ the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum, in the mail, is a closed sac, but in the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina

功能 Function Secretes a lubricating serou

s fluid( 润湿） Absorb （吸收） Support the visceras （支

持）

脏器与腹膜的关系 腹膜内位器官 Intraperitoneal viscera － viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, ex

ample, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary

腹膜间位器官 Interperitoneal viscera － most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus

腹膜外 ( 后 ) 位器官 Retroperitoneal viscera － some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter

Intraperitoneal viscera

Interperitoneal viscera

Retroperitoneal viscera

Operation path way

腹膜形成的结构 Structures which are formed by peritoneum 网膜 Omentum － two-layered fold of peritoneum that ex

tends from stomach to adjacent organs

小网膜 Lessor omentum － two-layered fold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum

肝胃韧带 Hepatogastric ligament

－ extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach

肝十二指肠韧带 Hepatoduodenal ligament

Extends from porta hepatis to superior part of duodenum. Contains common bile duct胆总管 , proper hepatic a肝固有动脉 . and hepatic portal v门静脉 .

网膜孔 Omental foramen Behind the right border of hepatod

uodenal ligament Superior － caudate lobe of liver Inferior － superior part of duodenu

m Anterior － hepatodudenal ligamen

t Posterior － peritoneum covering t

he inferior vena cava

大网膜 Greater omentum － four-layered fold of peritoneum

网膜囊 Omental bursa

位置 Position － situated behind the l

esser omentum and stomach

四个壁 Walls 上 Superior －肝尾状叶和膈下腹膜 前 Anterior －大网膜及胃后壁腹膜 下 Inferior －大网膜前后两层转折处 后 Posterior －大网膜后两层、横结肠及

其系膜、胰及左肾前部的壁腹膜

左 Left －胃脾韧带及脾肾韧带 gastrosplenic ligamentand s

plenorenal ligament

右 Right －网膜孔 omental foramen

The Omental bursa (lesser sac) c

ommunicates with the greater

sac through the omental foram

en.

肠系膜 Mesenteries － two-layered fold of peritoneum that at

tach part of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

肠系膜 Mesentery － suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall

Broad and a fan-shaped Consists of two peritoneal la

yers Intestinal border － folded, 7

m long Root of mesentery

15 cm long Directed obliquely from

left side of L2 to in front of right sacroiliac joint

阑尾系膜 Mesoappendix Triangular mesentery － e

xtends from terminal part of ileum to appendix

Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix

横结肠系膜 Transverse mesocolon

－ a double fold of peritoneum whic

h connects the transverse colon to

the posterior abdominal wall

乙状结肠系膜 Sigmoid mesocolon

－ inverted V-shaped, with apex

located in front of left ureter and di

vision of common iliac artery

韧带 Ligaments － two-layere

d folds of peritoneum that attache

d the lesser mobile solid visera to

the abdominal wall

Ligaments of liver

镰状韧带 Falciform ligament of live

r

Consists of double peritoneal l

ayer

Extends from anterior abdomin

al wall (umbilicus) to live

Free border of ligament site of l

igamentum teres

冠状韧带 Coronary ligament

the area between upper and lower parts of the coronary ligament is the bare area of live, this area is devoid of peritoneum and lies in contract with the diaphragm

左、右三角韧带 Left and right triangular ligaments formed by right extremity of coronary ligament and left leaf of falciform ligament, respectively

肝胃韧带 Hepatogastric ligament

肝十二指肠韧带 Hepatoduodenal ligament

肝圆韧带 Ligamentum teres hepatis

脾的韧带 Ligaments of spleen 胃脾韧带 Gastrosplenic ligament

脾肾韧带 Splenorenal ligament

膈脾韧带 Phrenicosplenic ligament

脾结肠韧带 Splenocolic ligament

胃的韧带 Ligaments of Stomach 肝胃韧带 Hepatogastric ligament 胃脾韧带 Gastrosplenic ligament 胃膈韧带 Gastrophrenic ligament 胃结肠韧带 Gastrocolic ligament 胃胰韧带 Gastropancrestic ligament

返折和隐窝 Folds and fossas of anterior abdominal wall

脐正中襞 Medial umbilical fold － contain the remnant of urachus (median umbilical ligaments)

脐内侧襞 Medial umbilical fold － contains remnants of the umbilical arteries (medial umbilical ligaments)

脐外侧襞 Lateral umbilical fold － contains the inferior epigastric vessels

膀胱上窝 Supravesical fossa 腹股沟内侧窝 Medial inguina

l fossa 腹股沟外侧窝 Lateral inguinal fossa

Pouches In male ：直肠膀胱陷窝 rectovesical pouch In female:

直肠子宫陷窝 Rectouterine pouch: between rectum and uterus

膀胱子宫陷窝 Vesicouterine pouch:between bladder and uterus

腹膜腔的分区 Peritoneal cavity subdivisionsThe transverse colon and transverse mesocolon divides

the greater sac into supracolic and infracolic compartments.

结肠上区 Supracolic compartments (subphrenic space) － lies between diaphragm and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

肝上间隙 Suprahepatic recess 左肝上 右肝上

肝下间隙 Infrahepatic recess 右肝下 左肝下：左肝下前 左肝下后（网膜囊）

结肠下区 Infracolic compartments － lies below the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

右结肠旁沟 Right paracolic sulcus － lies lateral to the ascending colon. It communicates with the hepatorenal recess and the pelvic cavity. It provides a route for the spread of infection between the pelvic and the upper abdominal region.

左结肠旁沟 Left paracolic sulcus － lies lateral to the descending colon. It is separated from the area around the spleen by the phrenicocolic ligament, a fold of peritoneum that passes from the colic flexure to the diaphragm.

右肠系膜窦 Right mesenteric sinus － triangular space, lies betwe

en root of mesentery, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

左肠系膜窦 Left mesenteric sinus － lies between root of mesentery, descending colon, right 1/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon, its widens below where it is continuous with the cavity of the pelvis