Tourist◦ Person/people who visit a location for more than

24 hours, but less than one year

Tourism◦ People that travel away from home and have

some fun

Travel◦ Refers to movement from one place to another

Mass Tourism: Involves a large number of tourists to a limited number of destinations; have a large impact on the culture and natural environments

Sustainable Tourism: Tourism which has a lower impact on the cultural and natural environment; often referred to as eco-tourism; sustainable tourists often learn some of the local language, purchase goods from small shops, and stay in guest houses/camps

Adventure Tourism: Associated with a type of physical challenge and adventure like rock climbing or hiking through a rainforest

Cultural Tourism: Involves learning about a country’s culture and history by visiting museums, cultural heritage sites, local sites, and other significant cultural features

Sports Tourism: Travelling somewhere specific to partake in sports activities

Recreation Tourism: Heading to a quiet spot to spend time on the beach or in a park

Health Tourism: Going away to a spa or resort to rejuvenate oneself

Religious Tourism: Travelling to religious sites, such as Vatican City

Nature Tourism: Travelling to a more pristine location to study the flora/fauna of the region

Wilderness Tourism: Travelling to wilderness areas to experience something quite different

Business Tourism: Travel to go to a conference, network, or complete a business transaction

Family/Social Tourism: Revolves around travelling with or to visit family in another location

Adventure Speciality Travel Recreation Travel Family/Social Environment Business Travel Cultural

Fear Climate Health Money Lack of Motivation Holidays Life Stage

Process: Pre-trip, during-trip, post-trip Things to Consider

◦ Budget◦ Mode of Transportation◦ Accommodations◦ Trip location and timeline◦ Contact with friends/family◦ Travel insurance◦ Travel visa and/or passport◦ Economic and political situation of destination

Political Factors:◦ Whether a country has a stable and/or democratic

government can influence the amount of travel that occurs to it and within it

◦ For example, China has recently relaxed its tourist restrictions and opened up its economy to foreign tourism and development (2008 Olympic Games)

Economic Factors:◦ The economic condition of a country will impact

the level of tourism and how much money local inhabitants will be willing to spend outside of the country

Cultural Factors:◦ Some countries have a cultural draw to them◦ African and European countries have long histories◦ Cultural artifacts and sites to visit

  Technological Factors:

◦ Accessibility to cities and sites◦ Well developed infrastructure◦ Travel by air, train, car, bus, and subway◦ Stay in touch with family and friends – internet,

phone

Homogeneous Region◦ Defined by a common characteristic or set of

characteristics throughout the whole area

Functional Region◦ Area defined by a specific function of activity

Physical Characteristics◦ Global location, physical environment

Human Characteristics◦ Culture, economy, political identity, demographics,

urbanization

Direct-route travellers: follow the most direct routes to and from their destinations

Fly-drive travellers: when the tourist rents a car at the destination in order to visit local sites

Partial-orbit travellers: head directly towards their destination, but visit a variety of other attractions along the way

Full-orbit travellers: usually travel through a whole region, regarding most of the places they stay as multiple destinations

Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation Stagnation

The impact of tourists’ values and customs on local people

Commodification◦ Sell the experience to tourists◦ Cultural attraction lose their authenticity

Standardization◦ Making the tourist feel more comfortable in their

surroundings

Transculturation◦ Influenced by and want to copy the behaviour and

lifestyle of the tourists

Conservation Programs◦ Preserve cultural and environmental sites

Landscapes, historic places, natural sites, built environments, and collections

Restoration Programs◦ Attempts are made to preserve the sites for

future generations Sistine Chapel, Machu Picchu, Vimy Ridge Memorial

Travelling to undisturbed areas and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals

Believe in the preservation of wilderness and wildlife

Responsibilities of the Traveller◦ Stick to established trails, do not take anything as a

souvenir, avoid disturbing wildlife, never leave garbage at the site, learn about local culture, be sensitive to the values of local people, to not buy souvenirs made from animal or plant species, make sure to take health precautions

One of the world’s natural wonders White sandy beaches, rainforest islands,

and clear blue, green, and turquoise waters Swimming, snorkelling, surging, scuba

diving, sailing, and bird watching Contributes $1 billion AUS ($837 million

CDN) to the Australian economy

Why tourism is increasing◦ The development and use of high-speed

catamarans has reduced mainland-to-reef travel time

◦ User-friendly technology has made snorkelling, scuba diving, and glass-bottom boat viewing more appealing to a broader range of visitors

Environmental Impact◦ When divers stand and walk on reefs, the coral

can be killed◦ Flippers and tank straps scrape the coral and

make it vulnerable to disease◦ Boats drop anchor in reefs, and can split the coral◦ Tourists remove coral for souvenirs◦ Boat fuel and sewage create pollution

Unit 1: Understanding Tourism◦ The Caribbean

Unit 2: Tourism and the Economy◦ United States - New York City◦ Japan - Tokyo◦ Canada

Unit 3: Tourism and Culture◦ Europe – rail travel in the European Union◦ Czech Republic (Prague), Rome, Paris, Amsterdam

Unit 4: Tourism and the Environment◦ Africa – Kenya, the Savannah◦ Brazil - Brasilia◦ Australia◦ Antarctica