INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADS

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES US possessed same resources as GBFast-flowing riversCoal and iron depositsSupply of laborers

War of 1812 forced US to become self-sufficient

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN THE US

Industrialization begins with textiles1789 – Samuel Slater emigrates to US from GBBuilt British spinning machine from memory

1790 – Moses Brown opens first factory in USPawtucket, RIHouses Slater’s machines - Produced only thread

LOWELL MILL GIRLS 1813 – Francis Cabot Lowell mechanized entire cloth processLate 1820s – Lowell, Mass. Became important textile town

Left farms and rural homesMore $More independenceWatched closely by employers

LATER EXPANSION OF US INDUSTRY

Technological boom of late 1800sMany causes

Natural resources – oil, coal, iron

Burst of inventions – electricity, light bulb, telephone

Increased urban population

RAILROADS Cities along rail lines grow by selling goodsChicago

Huge stockyards for cattleMinneapolis

Grain industry RR inspire new business practicesMergers to control more of the industry

CONTINENTAL EUROPE INDUSTRIALIZES Continental Europe wanted to adopt “British Miracle”French Revolution and Napoleon messed things upHalted tradeInterrupted communicationCaused inflation

$ Gap between GB and rest of Europe

CONTINENTAL EUROPE Belgium first continental European country1799 - British secrets illegally smuggled into country

John Cockerill – industrial enterprise building machines

GERMANY INDUSTRIALIZES

GermanyPockets of industrializationCopied British modelSent children to England to learn

Built railroads

EXPANSION ELSEWHERE IN EUROPE Rest of Europe

Regions industrializedSpain’s Catalonia – processed cottonNorthern Italy – mechanized textile production

Factories around MoscowFrance – more measured and controlledAvoided social and economic problems

Some countries did not industrializeGeography

Transportation obstaclesLack of resources

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Widened wealth gap

Industrialized vs. nonindustrialized Exploitation of colonies

IMPERIALISMneed for resources and markets

Transformed societyDevelopment of middle classEducational opportunitiesDemocratic participation