Native American Study Guide

Directions: Study the below information and concepts and you will be ready for class and assessments.

Map: Be able to lave each Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Artic/Subartic, Mississippi River, Bering Straight, Asia and South America

Vocabulary

Prehistoric: describes the time before history was written down by people

Nomadic: relating to people who move from place to place for various reasons, often in search of food

Adapt: to change to fit in better; to become used to

Beringia Migration: widely held theory among historians that people moved from across Asia into North America over a period of time when Beringia area was frozen

Cliff dwellings: multistoried stone buildings with many rooms set into mountainsides, similar to apartments

Adobe: a sun-dried brick made of clay; the clay material from which such bricks are formed

Pueblos: villages of buildings made from flat stone or sun dried clay bricks

Kivas: underground rooms used by the Ancestral Pueblo for religious ceremonies

Longhouse: An Iroquois house made of wood and inhabited by various members of the clan related to one another through the mother’s side of the family

Shamans: people who are regarded as having access to spirits, and are said to use magic to cure illness tell the truth and control the spirits

Wigwam: a dwelling of the Eastern Woodland Native Americans, which had a pole framework covered with mats, bark, or hides and was either cone- or dome-shaped.

Densely populated: refers to an area that has a large number of people living in a relatively small area

Igloos: dome shaped houses usually made of snow and used by the Inuit in the artic

Regions

Greater Mississippi River Areas: people called Mound Builders because they built mounds for burial purposes, rituals, defense purposes, and sometimes for the Chief to live on top of.

Southwest: dry, arid region with very little rain where the Hopi and Pueblo people lived; they farmed using irrigation methods and hunted with bow and arrows; they lived in cliff dwellings and pueblos; believed in kachinas or ancestral spirits to help them

Northeast: area with cold winters, and mild summers where the Eastern Woodland or Iroquois Native Americans lived in longhouse and Wigwams made out of the many trees of the Northeast area. They grew the three sisters corn, beans, and squash; they hunted and fished.

Southeast: the most densely populated area because of it mild temperatures, rich soil, and reliable rainfall inhabited by the Cherokee and other Southeastern tribes. They grew corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, tobacco. They fished and hunted using bow and arrows.

Artic/Subartic: frozen, cold land yet very beautiful place where the Inuit people lived in houses dug into the ground made with whalebone, stone, driftwood, and sod and in the winter they lived in igloos. They used sled-dogs and kayaks to travel. They relied heavily on hunting caribou, small mammals and fishing for whales, fish, seals, and walruses.

Concepts

Hopi Way is the belief that they should be kind to one another and thoughtful toward the environment

Explain how Native Americans went from being Nomadic to settling in one area (chasing food to growing food)

Grammar

Practice ABC order

Possessive Nouns

Singular Possessive Noun: shows that one person, place, or thing has or owns something using an (-‘s) Ex. The worker’s uniform is dirty. (one worker)

Plural Possessive Noun: shows that more than one person, place, or thing has or owns something using an (-s’) Ex. The workers’ uniforms are dirty. (more than one worker)

Possessive Pronoun: a word that takes the place of a noun (my pencil, her pencil, his pencil, your pencil, etc.) shows ownership

Its vs. It’s: homophones that sound the same but have different meaningso The cheese is past its expiration.o It’s: a contraction for it is or it has; It’s important to always do your best.

Suffixes: word part added to the end of the root word that changes the meaning (-ed, -ing, -er/-or, -s/-es, -ian, -ist, -y, -al, -ly, -ous, -ive, -ful, -less)

-ish: having the characteristic of or like (foolish, like a fool) -ness: in the state or condition of being (loneliness, the state of being lonely) -able/-ible: able to be (chewable, able to chew; reversible, able to reverse)

Go to link for more information and studying activities, such as read-alouds and the student reader with daily readings from class http://www.kyrene.org/Page/40563