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AAOS 10th Edition Vocabulary By Chapters

Chapter 1: EMS Systems

advanced EMT (AEMT)advanced life support (ALS)Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)automated external defibrillator (AED)certificationcontinuous quality improvement (CQI)emergency medical dispatch (EMD)emergency medical responder (EMR)emergency medical services (EMS)emergency medical technician (EMT)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

intravenous (IV) therapylicensuremedical controlmedical directorNational EMS Scope of Practice Modelparamedicprimary preventionprimary service area (PSA)public healthpublic safety access pointquality controlsecondary prevention

Chapter 2: Workforce Safety and Wellness

acute stress reactions

airborne transmission

bloodborne pathogens

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

communicable disease

contamination

cover and concealment

critical incident stress management (CISM)

cumulative stress reactions

delayed stress reaction

designated officer

direct contact

exposure

foodborne transmission

general adaptation syndrome

hepatitis

host

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

immune

indirect contact

infection


infection control

infectious disease

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

pathogen

personal protective equipment (PPE)

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

standard precautions

transmission

vector-borne transmission

Chapter 3: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues

abandonmentadvance directiveapplied ethicsassaultbatterybioethicsbreach of confidentialitycertificationcompensatory damagescompetentconsentcontributary negligencedecision-making capacitydefamationdependent lividitydepositionsdiscoverydo not resuscitate (DNR) ordersdurable power of attorney for health careduty to actemancipated minorsemergencyemergency doctrineemergency medical care

ethicsexpressed consentfalse imprisonmentforcible restraintGood Samaritan lawsgovernmental immunitygross negligencehealth care directivehealth care proxiesimplied consentin loco parentisinformed consentinterrogatorieskidnappinglibellicensuremedicolegalmoralitynegligencenegligence per sepatient autonomyprecedenceprotected health information (PHI)proximate causation


punitive damagesputrefactionres ipsa loquitorrigor mortisscope of practice

slanderstandard of carestatute of limitationstort

Chapter 4: Communications and Documentation

base stationcellular telephonechannelclose-ended questionscommunicationcultural impositiondedicated linedocumentationduplexethnocentrism

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)MED channelsmobile data terminals (MDT)noiseopen-ended questionspagingpatient care report (PCR)proxemicsrapport

repeaterscannersimplexstanding orderstelemetrytherapeutic communicationtrunkingUHF (ultra-high frequency)VHF (very high frequency)

Chapter 5: The Human Body

??V/Q ratioabdomenabductionacetabulumAdam's appleadductionadenosine triphosphate (ATP)adrenal glands adrenergicaerobic metabolismagonal respirationsalpha-adrenergic receptorsalveolianaerobic metabolismanatomic positionanterior aorta apex (plural apices) apneustic centerappendicular skeletonappendixarteriolesatrium

autonomic nervous systemaxial skeletonball-and-socket jointbeta-adrenergic receptorsbicepsbilateralbile ductsblood pressurebrachial arterybrainbrain stemcapillary vesselscardiac musclecarotid arterycartilagececum central nervous system (CNS)cerebellum cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cerebrum cervical spinechordae tendineaechyme

circulatory systemclavicle coccyx coronal planecraniumcricoid cartilagecricothyroid membranedead spacedeepdermisdiaphragm diastolediffusiondigestiondistaldorsaldorsal respiratory group (DRG)dorsalis pedis arteryendocrine system enzymesepidermis epiglottisepinephrine


esophagus expiratory reserve volumeextendextensionfallopian tubesfemoral arteryfemoral headfemur flexflexionforamen magnumgallbladder genital systemgerminal layergreater trochanterhair folliclesheartheart rateHering-Breuer reflexhinge jointshormoneshumerus hydrostatic pressurehypoxic driveiliuminferior inferior vena cavainspiratory reserve volumeinterstitial spaceinvoluntary muscleischiumjointjoint capsulekidneyslabored breathinglactic acidlarge intestinelaterallesser trochanterligament liver lumbar spinemandible manubriummaxillaemedial

medulla oblongatamidbrainmidsagittal plane (midline)minute volumemotor nervesmucous membranesmucus musculoskeletal system myocardium nasopharynxnervous system norepinephrineocciputoncotic pressureorbitoropharynxovaries palmarpancreas parasympathetic nervous systemparietal regionspatellapathophysiologyperfusion peripheral nervous systemperistalsisplantarplasma platelets pleurapleural spacepneumotaxic (pontine) centerponsposterior posterior tibial arteryprostate gland proximalpubic symphysispubispulmonary arterypulmonary circulationpulmonary veinspulsequadrants

radial arteryradiusrectum red blood cellsrenal pelvis residual volumerespirationrespiratory system reticular activating systemretroperitonealsacroiliac jointsacrumsagittal (lateral) planesalivary glandsscalpscapula sebaceous glandssemenseminal vesiclessensory nervesshockshoulder girdleskeletal muscleskeletonsmall intestinesmooth musclesomatic nervous systemsphincterssphygmomanometer spinal cordsternum stratum corneal layerstroke volume (SV)subcutaneous tissuesuperficialsuperiorsuperior vena cavasweat glandssymphysissynovial fluidsynovial membranesystemic circulationsystemic vascular resistance (SVR)systoletemporal regions


tendonstesticlethoracic cagethoracic cavitythoracic spinethoraxthyroid cartilagetibiatidal volumetopographic anatomytorso

trachea transverse (axial) planetricepstunica mediaulnaureter urethra urinary bladder urinary systemvaginavasa deferentia

ventilationventralventral respiratory group (VRG)ventricle vertebraevoluntary musclewhite blood cellsxiphoid processzygomas

Chapter 6: Life Span Development

adolescentsanxious-avoidant attachmentatherosclerosis barotraumabondingconventional reasoningearly adultsfontanelles

infantslate adultslife expectancymiddle adultsmoro reflexneonatenephrons palmar grasppostconventional reasoning

preconventional reasoningpreschoolersrooting reflexschool agesecure attachmentsucking reflexterminal drop hypothesistoddlerstrust and mistrust

Chapter 7: Principles of Pharmacology

absorptionactionactivated charcoaladsorptionagonistantagonistaspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)contraindicationsdose

EMT-administered medicationenteral medicationsepinephrinegelgeneric namehypoglycemiaindicationsinhalationintended effect

intramuscular (IM) injectionintranasal (IN)intraosseous (IO)intravenous (IV) injectionmedicationmetered-dose inhaler (MDI)mucosal atomizer device (MAD)nitroglycerin


oraloral glucoseover-the-counter (OTC) medicationsoxygenparenteral medicationspatient-assisted medicationpeer-assisted medicationper os (PO)

per rectum (PR)pharmacodynamicspharmacologypolypharmacyprescription medicationsside effectssolutionsubcutaneous (SC) injection

sublingual (SL)suspensiontopical medicationstrade nametranscutaneous (transdermal)unintended effectuntoward effects

Chapter 8: Patient Assessment

accessory musclesauscultateAVPU scaleblood pressurebradycardiabreath soundscapillary refillcapnographycapnometrycarbon dioxidechief complaintcoagulatecolorimetric devicesconjunctiva crepituscyanosis DCAP-BTLSdiaphoreticdiastolic pressureend-tidal CO2

focused assessmentfrostbitefull-body scangeneral impressionGolden Period

guardinghistory takinghypertension hypotensionhypothermiaincident command system (ICS) jaundicelabored breathingmechanism of injury (MOI)nasal flaringnature of illness (NOI)OPQRSTorientationpalpateparadoxical motionperfusion personal protective equipment (PPE)pertinent negativesprimary assessmentpulsepulse oximetryrales

reassessmentresponsivenessretractionsrhonchiSAMPLE historyscene size-upsclera secondary assessmentshallow respirationssignsniffing positionspontaneous respirationsstandard precautionsstridorsubcutaneous emphysemasymptomsystolic pressuretachycardiatidal volumetriagetripod positiontwo- to three-word dyspneavasoconstrictionvital signs

Chapter 9: Airway Management

aerobic metabolismagonal respirationsairwayalveolar ventilationAmerican Standard Systemanaerobic metabolism

apneaaspirationataxic respirationsautomatic transport ventilator (ATV)bag-mask device

barrier devicebilateralbronchioles carinachemoreceptorscompliance


continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)cricoid pressuredead spacediffusiondyspnea exhalationexternal respirationgag reflexgastric distentionglottisgood air exchangehead tilt–chin lift maneuverhypercarbiahypoxiahypoxic driveinhalationinternal respirationintrapulmonary shuntingjaw-thrust maneuverlabored breathinglarynx

manually triggered ventilation devicemediastinum metabolism (cellular respiration)mild airway obstructionminute ventilationnasal cannulanasopharyngeal (nasal) airwaynasopharynxnonrebreathing maskoropharyngeal (oral) airwayoropharynxoxygenationparietal pleura partial pressurepatentphrenic nervepin-indexing systempneumothoraxpoor air exchange

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)pulse oximetryrecovery positionresidual volumerespirationretractionsSellick maneuversevere airway obstructionstoma stridorsuction cathetersurfactanttension pneumothoraxtidal volumetonsil tipstracheostomy ventilationvisceral pleura vital capacityvocal cordswheezing

Chapter 10: Shock

afterloadanaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)aneurysmautonomic nervous systemcardiogenic shockcompensated shockcyanosis decompensated shock

dehydrationdistributive shockedemahomeostasishypothermiahypovolemic shockirreversible shockmyocardial contractilityneurogenic shock

obstructive shockperfusion preloadpsychogenic shocksensitizationseptic shockshocksphincterssyncope

Chapter 11: BLS Resuscitation

abdominal-thrust maneuveradvanced life support (ALS)basic life support (BLS)cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)gastric distentionhead tilt–chin lift maneuver

impedance threshold device (ITD)jaw-thrust maneuverload-distributing band (LDB)mechanical piston devicerecovery position

Chapter 12: Medical Overview


herpes simplexindex of suspicionmedical emergenciesmeningitisnature of illness (NOI)

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)trauma emergenciestuberculosis (TB) virulence

Chapter 13: Respiratory Emergencies

acidosisadventitious breath soundsalkalosisallergenanaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)asthma atelectasisbronchial breath soundsbronchiolitisbronchitiscarbon dioxide retentioncarbon monoxidechronic bronchitischronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)common coldcroupdiphtheriadyspnea

embolusemphysemaepidemicepiglottitishay feverhyperventilationhyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)hypoxiahypoxic driveinfluenza typemeningococcal meningitismetered-dose inhaler (MDI)methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)oxygenationpandemicpertussis (whooping cough)

pleural effusionpleuritic chest painpneumoniapneumonitispneumothoraxpulmonary edemapulmonary embolismralesrespirationrespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)rhonchisevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)small-volume nebulizerstridortuberculosis (TB) vesicular breath soundswheezing

Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Emergencies

acute coronary syndromeacute myocardial infarction (AMI)angina pectorisanterior aorta aortic aneurysmaortic valvearrhythmiaasystoleatherosclerosis atrium automaticityautonomic nervous system

bradycardiacardiac arrestcardiac outputcardiogenic shockcongestive heart failure (CHF)coronary arteriesdefibrillatedependent edemadilationdissecting aneurysmhypertensive emergencyinfarctioninferior

ischemia lumenmyocardium occlusion parasympathetic nervous systemperfusion posterior superiorsympathetic nervous systemsyncopetachycardiathromboembolism


ventricle ventricular fibrillation ventricular tachycardia

Chapter 15: Neurologic Emergencies

aneurysmaphasia auracerebrovascular accident (CVA)comadysarthriaembolusfebrile seizuresgeneralized seizurehemiparesishemorrhagic strokehypoglycemia

incontinenceischemia ischemic strokepartial seizurepostictal stateseizurestatus epilepticusstrokethrombosistonic-clonic seizuretransient ischemic attack (TIA)

Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies

acute abdomenappendicitischolecystitiscystitisdiverticulitisemesis

guardingherniaileuskidney stonespancreatitisperitoneum

peritonitisreferred painstrangulationuremia urinary tract infection (UTI)

Chapter 17: Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies

acidosisaplastic crisisdiabetes mellitusdiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)endocrine glandsendocrine system glucosehematologyhemolytic crisis

hemophiliahormoneshyperglycemia hyperglycemic crisishypoglycemiahypoglycemic crisisinsulinKussmaul respirationspolydipsiapolyphagia

polyuriasickle cell diseasesplenic sequestration crisisthrombophiliathrombosistype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetesvaso-occlusive crisis

Chapter 18: Immunologic Emergencies

allergen allergic reaction


anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) envenomationepinephrinehistaminesimmune responseimmune systemImmunology

leukotrienesstridortoxinurticariawhealwheezing

Chapter 19: Toxicology

addictionantidotedelirium tremens (DTs)emesishallucinogenshematemesis

hypnoticingestionopioidsoverdosepoisonsedative

stimulantsubstanc abusetolerancetoxicologytoxinvomitus

Chapter 20: Psychiatric Emergencies

activities of daily livingagitated deliriumaltered mental statusbehaviorbehavioral crisisdepression

functional disorderorganic brain syndromepsychiatric disorderpsychiatric emergencypsychosis

Chapter 21: Gynecologic Emergencies

bacterial vaginosiscervix chlamydiafallopian tubesgonorrhealabia majora labia minora

ovaries pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)perineum rapesexual assaultuterus vagina

Chapter 22: Trauma Overview

arterial air embolismblunt traumacavitationcoup-contrecoup injury

decelerationdragGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score

index of suspicionkinetic energymechanism of injury (MOI)


medical emergenciesmultisystem traumapenetrating traumapotential energyprojectile

pulmonary blast injuriesRevised Trauma Score (RTS)trajectorytrauma emergencies

trauma scoretympanic membrane work

Chapter 23: Bleeding

aorta arteriolesartery capillariescoagulatecontusionecchymosisepistaxis

hematemesishematomahemophiliahemoptysis hemorrhagehypoperfusionhypovolemic shockmelena

perfusion pressure pontshocktourniquetvasoconstrictionveinsvenules

Chapter 24: Soft-Tissue Injuries

abrasionamputationavulsionburnsclosed injuriescompartment syndromecontact burncontaminationcontusioncrush syndromecrushing injurydermisecchymosisepidermis eviscerationfasciaflame burn

flash burnfull-thickness (third-degree) burnshematomaincisionlacerationmucous membranesocclusive dressingsopen injuriespartial-thickness (second-degree) burnspenetrating woundrabidrule of ninesscald burnsteam burnsuperficial (first-degree) burnsthermal burns

Chapter 25: Face and Neck Injuries

air embolismanisocoriablowout fractureconjunctiva

conjunctivitiscornea eustachian tube external auditory canal


globeiris lacrimal glandslens mastoid processoptic nervepinnapupil retina

retinal detachmentsclera sternocleidomastoid musclessubcutaneous emphysematemporomandibular joint (TMJ)tragusturbinatestympanic membrane

Chapter 26: Head and Spine Injuries

anterograde (posttraumatic) amnesiabasilar skull fracturesBattle's signcerebral edemaclosed head injuryconcussionconnecting nervescoup-contrecoup injurydistraction

epidural hematomaeyes-forward positionfour-person log rollintervertebral diskintracerebral hematomaintracranial pressure (ICP)involuntary activitieslinear skull fracturesmeningesopen head injury

primary (direct) injuryraccoon eyesretrograde amnesiasecondary (indirect) injurysubarachnoid hemorrhagesubdural hematomasubluxationtraumatic brain injury (TBI)voluntary activities

Chapter 27: Chest Injuries

cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade)closed chest injurycommotio cordisflail chestflutter valvehemopneumothoraxhemothorax myocardial contusionocclusive dressingopen chest injuryopen pneumothorax

paradoxical motionpericardiumpneumothoraxpulmonary contusionsimple pneumothoraxspontaneous pneumothoraxsucking chest woundtachypneatension pneumothoraxtraumatic asphyxia

Chapter 28: Abdomen and Genitourinary Injuries

closed abdominal injuryeviscerationflank

guardinghollow organsKehr sign

open abdominal injuryperitoneal cavity solid organs

Chapter 29: Orthopaedic Injuries


acromioclavicular (AC) jointarticular cartilagecalcaneusclosed fracturecompartment syndromecrepitusdislocationdisplaced fractureecchymosisfibula

fractureglenoid fossahematuriajointnondisplaced fractureopen fracturepelvic binderspoint tendernessposition of functionreduceretroperitoneal space

sciatic nerveslingsplintsprainstrainsubluxationswathetibiatourniquettractionzone of injury

Chapter 30: Environmental Emergencies

air embolismambient temperatureantiveninbendsbreath-holding syncopeconductionconvectioncore temperaturedecompression sickness

diving reflexdrowningdysbarism injuriesevaporationfrostbiteheat crampsheat exhaustionheatstrokehymenoptera

hyperthermiahypothermiaradiationrespirationreverse triageSCUBAturgor

Chapter 31: Obstetrics and Neonatal Care

abruptio placentaamniotic sacApgar scorebirth canalbloody showbreech presentationcervix crowningeclampsiaectopic pregnancyembryoendometrium

fetal alcohol syndromefetusfundus gestational diabeteslighteninglimb presentationmeconiummiscarriagemultigravidanuchal cordplacentaplacenta previa

preeclampsiapregnancy-induced hypertensionpresentationprimigravidaprolapse of the umbilical cordspina bifidasupine hypotensive syndromeumbilical cordvertex presentation

Chapter 32: Pediatric Emergencies

adolescentsapparent life-threatening event (ALTE)blanchingbradypnea central pulses

child abusegeneralized tonic-clonic seizuregruntinginfancynares


neglectNeisseria meningitidespediatric assessment triangle (PAT)pediatric resuscitation tape measurepediatricspertussis (whooping cough) preschoolers

school ageshaken baby syndromesniffing positionsudden infant dath syndrome (SIDS)tachypneatoddlerswork of breathing

Chapter 33: Geriatric Emergencies

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)advance directiveaneurysmascitescataractsdecubitus ulcersdeep venous thrombosisdeliriumdementiadyspnea elder abusegeriatricsjugular vein distentionkyphosis

melenamethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)neuropathyosteoporosispeptic ulcer diseasepneumoniapolypharmacypresbycusis pulmonary embolismrespiratory syncytial virussyncopeunilateral pedal edemaurinary tract infection (UTI)

Chapter 34: Patients With Special Challenges

cerebral palsycolostomydevelopmental disabilityDown syndrome

ileostomyobesitysensorineural deafnessshunts

spina bifidatracheostomy tube

Chapter 35: Lifting and Moving Patients

backboardbariatricsbasket stretcherdiamond carrydirect ground liftemergency move

extremity liftflexible stretcherportable stretcherpower grippower liftrapid extrication technique

scoop stretcherstair chairwheeled ambulance stretcher

Chapter 36: Transport Operations

air ambulancesambulance

blind spotscleaning

CPR boardcushion of safety


decontaminationdisinfectionfirst-responder vehicleshigh-level disinfection

hydroplaningjump kitmedivacspotter

Star of Life®sterilization

Chapter 37: Vehicle Extrication and Special Rescue

accesscommand postcomplex accessdanger zone (hot zone)entrapmentextricationhazardous materialincident commander (IC)safe zone

self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)simple accesssize-upspecial weapons and tactics team (SWAT)structure firetactical situationtechnical rescue grouptechnical rescue situation

Chapter 38: Incident Management

Emergency Response Guidebookbills of ladingcarboyscasualty collection areaChemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)cold zonecommandcommand postcontainercontrol zonescylindersdanger zone (hot zone) decontaminationdecontamination areademobilizationdisasterdrumsextrication supervisorfinancefreelancingfreight billshazardous materialhazardous materials (HazMat) incidenthot zoneincident action planincident command system (ICS)

incident commander (IC)intermodal tanksjoint information centerJumpSTART triageliaison officerlogisticsmass-casualty incident (MCI)material safety data sheet (MSDS)medical incident commandmorgue supervisormutual aid responseNational Incident Management System (NIMS)nonbulk storage vesselsoperationspersonal protective equipment (PPE) levelsplacardsplanningprimary triagepublic information officer (PIO)rehabilitation arearehabilitation supervisorrescue supervisorsafety officersecondary containmentsecondary triagesingle command system


span of controlstaging supervisorSTART triagetermination of commandtoxicity levelstransportation areatransportation supervisor

treatment areatreatment supervisortriagetriage supervisorunified command systemwarm zone

Chapter 39: Terrorism Response and Disaster Management

agingalphaanthraxB-NICEbacteriabetabotulinumbuboesbubonic plaguechlorine (CL)contact hazardcontagiouscovertcross-contaminationcyanidedecaydirty bombdisease vectordisseminationDuoDote Auto-InjectorG agentsgamma (x-ray)incubationinternational terrorismionizing radiation

LD50

Lewisite (L)lymph nodeslymphatic systemMark 1 Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK)miosismutagennerve aentsneurotoxinsneutron radiationoff-gassingpersistencyphosgenephosgene oxime (CX)pneumonic plaguepoints of distribution (PODs)primary blast injurypulmonary blast injuriesradioactive materialradiologic dispersal device (RDD)ricinroute of exposure

sarin (GB)secondary blast injurysecondary devicesmallpoxsoman (GD)Special Atomic Demolition Munitions (SADM)state-sponsored terrorismsulfur mustard (H)syndromic surveillancetabun (GA)tertiary blast injuryV agent (VX)vapor hazardvesicantsviral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF)virusesvolatiltyweapon of mass casualty (WMC)weapon of mass destruction (WMD)weaponization

Chapter 40: ALS Assist

12-lead ECG4-lead ECGaccess portarrhythmiaasystolecardiac monitoringcathetercatheter shear

chest leadsCombitubedrip chamberdrip setsECGelectrical conduction systemend-tidal carbon dioxide detectorsendotracheal intubation


external jugular IVextubationgastric tubegaugeinfiltrationintraosseous (IO) needlesisotonic crystalloidsKing LTlaryngeal mask airwaylaryngoscopelimb leadsmacrodrip setmicrodrip setmultilumen airwaysnormal sinus rhythmocclusion

orotracheal intubationpharyngeotracheal lumen airwayphlebitispiercing spikeproximal tibiasaline locks (buff caps)Sellick maneuversinus bradycardiasinus rhythmsinus tachycardiaSTEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction)styletsystemic complicationventricular fibrillationventricular tachycardia

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