Name:__________________________ World History II block:_______

SOL Review Day 2Scientific Revolution Summary:With its emphasis on reasoned observation and systematic measurements, the scientific revolution changed the way people view the world and their place in it.

The importance of the scientific revolution:

People of the scientific revolution:Match the person with the correct discovery/ theory Nicolaus Copernicus

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei

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Planetary Motion

Used a telescope to support the heliocentric theoryLaw of gravity

WHII 6 a

Isaac Newton

William Harvey

Age of Absolutism Summary: The age of absolutism takes its name from a series of European Monarchs who increased the power of their central governments. Divine Rights: _____________________________________________________________________________________Characteristics:

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Heliocentric theory:Earth revolves around the sun Circulation of the blood

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Russia France: Example Example:

English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution Summary: Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed. The foundation of the English rights includes the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law. The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution prompted further development of the right of Englishman.

Dates Events Explanations

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1642-1649 English Civil War Royalists v. Puritan Parliament1949 Charles I was executed during the English Civil War Never before had a monarch faced a

public trial and executed1653-1658 Oliver Cromwell became the Puritan military dictator of England Cromwell established a

commonwealth but eventually became a military dictator

1660 The “restoration” of Charles II to the throne after Cromwell died People unhappy with the military rule and voted to ask Charles I to rule

1688 Glorious Revolution occurred when William and Mary were asked to be the new King and Queen

Peaceful transfer of power from one family to another

1689 The English Bill of Rights of 1689 guaranteed religious tolerance and fueled democratic revolutions around the world

Limited royal powersIncrease of parliamentary power and decrease of royal power?

What is the significance of the English civil war and the Glorious Revolution?

Enlightenment Summary: Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issue of law and government. Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

Writer What they wrote ExplanationThomas Hobbes

Human exist in a primitive “State of nature” and content government for self-protection

John Locke Two Treatises on Government

Montesquieu The best form of government includes a separation of powers.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Social Contract

Voltaire Candide Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state.

Main ideas from the Enlightenment Influence of the Enlightenment

The French Revolution Summary: The ideas of the Enlightenment and French participation influenced the French people to view their government in new ways. They overthrew the absolute monarchy and established a new government

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How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to causing the French Revolution?

Age of Reason Summary: the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries brought many changes in the arts, literature and political philosophy. The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and innovation in technology that stimulated trade and transportation.

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Causes:

Major Events:

Outcomes of the French Revolution:

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Composers, artists, philosophers, and writers:

New School of art and forms of literature New art forms depicted:______________________________________________________________________________

New forms of literature:___________________________________________ Example: Carventes’ Don Quixote

What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies?

Quiz time!1. _________________

2. _________________

3. _________________

4. _________________

5. _________________

6. _________________

7. _________________

8. _________________

9. _________________

10. _________________

Latin America and Revolutions Summary: Latin American revolutions of the nineteenth century were influenced by the class of European cultures in the development of governments and ruling powers.

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Johann Sebastian Bach:Baroque composer

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical Composter

Voltaire: Philosopher

Eugene Delacroix:Painter

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Spanish conquests in Latin America saw the rapid decline of native populations and introduction of slaves from Africa. Conquistadors were given governmental authority by the crown, becoming known as viceroys.

What were the characteristics of the colonial system in Latin America in the nineteenth century?

Major cities in that were established as outposts of colonial authority Havana Mexico City

Lima Sao Pablo

Buenos Aires

Summary part two: The American and French Revolutions took place in the late 1700’s. Within twenty years, the ideas and examples of these revolutions influenced the people of Latin America to establish independent nations, most notably in Haiti and Mexico

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Rigid Class Structure

What were the contributions of Simon Bolivar to revolutions in Latin America?

Summary part three: After the American revolution the United States wished to prevent foreign interference in America. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823, alerting European powers that the American continents should not be considered for any future colonization.

Define: Monroe Doctrine:___________________________________________________Impact of the Monroe Doctrine on Latin America:

Quiz Time:1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

5. ___________________

6. ___________________

7. ___________________

8. ___________________

9. ___________________

Political and Philosophical Developments in Europe

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Countries that lost colonies

HaitiType of Rebellion:

Lead by: Toussaint L’Ouverture

Countries that gained independence:

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Mexico:Started by:

Summary: The French Revolution left a powerful legacy for world history: secular society, nationalism and democratic ideas. Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe under French domination was unsuccessful. The Congress of Vienna attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests.

Legacy of Napoleon

Napoleonic code:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Congress of Vienna

Revolutions and Rise of Nationalism Nationalism: _______________________________________________________________________________________

National pride, economic competition and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism. Widespread demands for political rights led to revolutions and legislative actions in Europe. The Terms of the Congress of Vienna led to widespread discontent in Europe, especially in Italy and the German

states. Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848 increased nationalistic tensions. In Contrast to continental Europe, the United Kingdom expanded political rights through legislative means (the

branch which has the power to create and pass laws) and made slavery illegal in the British Empire.

Unification of Italy and GermanySummary: Italy and Germany became nation-states long after the rest of Europe

Industrial Revolution 9

Creating an empire

.

.

1. “Balance of power”Doctrine:That hoped to ensure that no single nation would ever again dominate Europe

2. Restoration of Monarchies:That had existed before Napoleon’s conquests

Legitimacy monarchiesCongress of Vienna believed that the return of former monarchs would stabilize political relations among the nations

3. New 4. New Political philosophies:Liberalism: believed in the ideas from the French revolution. Liberty, equality and fraternity.

Conservatism: did not believe in the ideas that had emerged during the French revolution. Liked monarchies

Unification of Italy

___________________ unified Northern Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi unified Southern Italy then joined it to Northern Italy

The Papal States (including Rome) became the last to join Italy

Unification of Germany Otto von Bismarck led Prussia in the

Unification of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings

Bismarck’s actions were seen as an example of Realpolitik- means justifies all means to achieve and hold power

The Franco-Prussian War led to the creation of the German State

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Summary: The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to the rest of Western Europe and the United States. With the industrial Revolution came an increase demand for raw materials from the Americas, Asia and Africa. Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and medicine altered the lives of people living in the new industrial cities. Cultural changes soon followed.

Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England?

Later Spreads to Western Europe and the United States The cotton textile industry was the first to become “industrialized” Advances in iron and steel industries led to the development of other industries Rise of the Factory system (mass production of goods by machine in factories)

and demise of cottage industries (production of goods by hand by farming families at home)

The spread of industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerated colonialism and imperialism. Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world

Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution James Hargreaves James Watt Eli Whitney Henry BessemerSpinning Jenny Steam Engine Cotton Gin Process for making steel

Advances in science and MedicineDevelopment of smallpox vaccination: _____________________________________Discovery of bacteria:___________________________________________________

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries Population increase Increased of standard of living for many but not all Improved transportation Urbanization Environmental pollution Increased Education Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions Growth of the middle class

Capitalism v. Communism

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Summary: Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution. Wealth increased the standard of living for some. Social dislocations associated with capitalism produced a range of economic and political ideas, including socialism and communism.

Summary:Agricultural economies were based on the family unit. The Industrial Resolution had a significant impact on the structure and function of the family. The Industrial Revolution placed new demands on the labor of men, women and children. Workers organized labor unions to fight for improved working conditions and workers’ rights.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of women children and the family?

Why did workers organize into labor unions?

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Capitalism Based on __________________________

Wealth of nations Role of Market competition and

entrepreneurial abilities Capitalism and market competition fueled

the Industrial revolution Increased standard of living for some Growth of the middle class Led to dissatisfaction with poor working

conditions and the unequal distribution of wealth society

Communism Based on ______________________

Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Des Capital

Response to the injustices of capitalism

Redistribution of wealth “From each according to his ability, to

each according to his needs” Will becomes the basis of revolution

in Russia, China and other nations in the 20th century

Nature of work in the Factory SystemFamily-based cottage industries displaced by the factory systemHarsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wagesChild labor that kept cost of production low and profits highOwners of mines and factories who excised considerable control over the lives of their laborers

Impact on Slavery Cotton gin increased the

demand for slaves labor in American plantations

The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery

Impact on Society Women and children entering

into the workplace as cheap labor

Introduction of reforms to end child labor

Expansion of education Women’s increased demands

for suffrage

Rise of Labor Unions

Imperialism Summary: Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. These nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. Imperialism spread economic, political and social philosophes of Europe throughout the world. Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements.

Causes of imperialism Nationalism New Markets Competition among European powers

Imperialism in Africa and Asia European domination European conflicts carried to the colonies Christian missionary efforts Spheres of influence in China:

o Who limited entry into China:__________________________________________ Suez Canal-

o located in _______________________________o Who helped built it:_______________________________________________________

East India Company’s domination of Indian States America’s opening of Japan to trade:

o by commander ____________________________________

Responses of Colonized People:Armed Conflict Examples:

Rise of NationalismExample: First Indian nationalist party founded in the mid 1800’s

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Forms of Imperialism Colonies- areas under the direct control of the mother country Protectorates-areas that have some self-governance under the watchful eye of the mother countrySpheres of influence-areas within a country where another country has economic or political control