what causes variation in a population? why is variation important for the species to be able to...
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What causes variation in a population?What causes variation in a population?
Why is variation important for the species Why is variation important for the species to be able to adapt?to be able to adapt?
TaxonomyTaxonomy
The science of naming/classifying living The science of naming/classifying living thingsthings
I. TaxonomistsI. Taxonomists
A. A. Aristotle (384-322 BC)Aristotle (384-322 BC)i. i. Grouped Grouped AnimalsAnimals based on habitat based on habitat
a. Aira. Airb. Landb. Landc. Waterc. Water
ii. Grouped ii. Grouped PlantsPlants based on structure based on structurea. Herbsa. Herbsb. Shrubsb. Shrubsc. Treesc. Trees
I. TaxonomistsI. TaxonomistsB. B. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778 AD)Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778 AD)
i. i. Originated the modern system of taxonomy Originated the modern system of taxonomy based on structure based on structurea. Binomial Nomenclaturea. Binomial Nomenclature
1. two word Latin-naming system1. two word Latin-naming system2. Scientific Name2. Scientific Name
b. Writing a Scientific Nameb. Writing a Scientific Name1. 1. Genus speciesGenus species (underlined) (underlined)2. 2. Genus speciesGenus species (italicized) (italicized)
c. Examples (Humans)c. Examples (Humans)1. 1. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens2. 2. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens
II. LatinII. Latin
So why did Linnaeus use Latin?So why did Linnaeus use Latin?
A.A. UnchangingUnchanging
B.B. Root of many languagesRoot of many languages
C.C. Understood by scientists worldwideUnderstood by scientists worldwide
III. Levels of ClassificationIII. Levels of Classification
KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum
ClassClassOrderOrder
FamilyFamilyGenusGenus
SpeciesSpecies
Do these levels go from general to specific, or Do these levels go from general to specific, or specific to general? specific to general?
IV. Modern Day TaxonomyIV. Modern Day Taxonomy
A.A. StructureStructure
i. Homology (similar structure)i. Homology (similar structure)
ii. Phylogeny (Evolutionary Relationship)ii. Phylogeny (Evolutionary Relationship)
B.B. Cell StructureCell Structure
i. Mitosis – cell divisioni. Mitosis – cell division
ii. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryoteii. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
IV. Modern Day TaxonomyIV. Modern Day Taxonomy
C.C. EmbryologyEmbryology
i. Similar developmental stagesi. Similar developmental stages
D.D. BiochemistryBiochemistry
i. Protein Similaritiesi. Protein Similarities
ii. DNA (genetics)ii. DNA (genetics)
IV. Modern Day TaxonomyIV. Modern Day Taxonomy
E.E. Behavioral DifferencesBehavioral Differences
i. Ex. Different Species of Crickets have i. Ex. Different Species of Crickets have different chirpsdifferent chirps
F.F. FossilsFossils
V. The 6 KingdomsV. The 6 Kingdoms
1.1. ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria
2.2. EubacteriaEubacteria
3.3. ProtistaProtista
4.4. FungiFungi
5.5. PlantaePlantae
6.6. AnimaliaAnimalia
We will learn more about each Kingdom soon…We will learn more about each Kingdom soon…
VI. Examples of TaxonomyVI. Examples of Taxonomy
GROUP NAME
ORGANISM
HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY
KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
PHYLUM Chordate ? Chordate Chordate ?
CLASS ? Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect
ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera
FAMILYHominida
e Pongidae Felidae ? Muscidae
GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica
VI. Examples of TaxonomyVI. Examples of Taxonomy
GROUP NAME
ORGANISM
HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY
KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropoda
CLASS ? Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect
ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera
FAMILYHominida
e Pongidae Felidae ? Muscidae
GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica
VI. Examples of TaxonomyVI. Examples of Taxonomy
GROUP NAME
ORGANISM
HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY
KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate ChordateArthropod
a
CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect
ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera
FAMILYHominida
e Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae
GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica
Scientific Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Answer the questions on your notesAnswer the questions on your notes
GROUP NAME
ORGANISM
HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY
KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate ChordateArthropod
a
CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect
ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera
FAMILYHominida
e Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae
GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica
Scientific Name
Homo sapiens
Pan troglodyte
sFelis
domestica Felis leo
Musca domestic
a
Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key = identification aid that uses sequential pairs Dichotomous Key = identification aid that uses sequential pairs
of descriptive statements (Whoooooo) How about of descriptive statements (Whoooooo) How about a way to a way to identify species using statements! identify species using statements!
Developed by taxonomists Developed by taxonomists Each statement has only TWO alternative responses Each statement has only TWO alternative responses For each pair of statements, the person identifying the For each pair of statements, the person identifying the
organism chooses the statement that describes the organism organism chooses the statement that describes the organism The chosen statement either identifies the organism or directs The chosen statement either identifies the organism or directs
you to another statement you to another statement By working through the statements in the key IN ORDER the By working through the statements in the key IN ORDER the
person can identify the organism person can identify the organism