what effects did morgan spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment? if you were to re-run the...
TRANSCRIPT
Nervous System (pg. 2)
What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment?
If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?
Nervous System/Communication
Page #2 of notebook
Topic
Vocab TermDefinition
Other important things about the topic
(picture)
Nervous System
Nervous System: The body’s electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells
CNS vs. PNS
Central Nervous System:
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System:
Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
Anything not the brain/spinal cord
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons:Nerves that carry messages from the body’s tissue and sensory receptors inward towards the brain
Motor Neurons:Nerves that carry instructions from the CNS to the body’s muscles
Types of Neurons
Sensory
Motor
What is a neuron?
Neuron = Nerve cell
The Neuron
Neuron = nerve cell
Job: To send information throughout the Nervous System
Dendrites
Dendrites
Dendrites
Dendrites:Neuron’s bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from other neurons
Dendrites “Listen”
Mean ‘tree-like’
Dendrites
Cell Body
Dendrites
Cell Body
Nucleus
Cell Body
…Body of the cell; where the Nucleus is
Information is collected and determined whether or not to be sent down the axon
Axon
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminal
Cell Body
Nucleus
Axon
AxonThe neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons
Two parts: Axon and Axon Terminals
Axons ‘talks’ through process called synapse (we’ll discuss that later)
Recap
1
2 3
4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyNkAuX29OU
Myelin Sheath
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminal
Cell Body
NucleusMyelin Sheath
Node of Ranvier
Myelin Sheath
Myelin SheathFatty tissue layer encasing the axons of some neurons
Enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one s to the next
Node of Ranvier: Space in between the myelin sheaths
Myelin Sheath
What happens when there is no Myelin Sheath?
Over time, covering gets damaged; causes neural transmission speed to decrease
Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's
Action PotentialPage #3 of notebook
Recap
Neurons send information across bodyDendrites listen/receive informationAxon talk/send information
ACTION POTENTIAL IS THE PROCESS OF TELLING THE AXON TERMINALS
TO SEND INFORMATION!!!!!!!!
Action Potential
Action Potential:Brief electrical charge that travels down the neuron’s axon
Action Potential
Receive Information Send
Information
AP: Step One
1. Resting PotentialInside of cell has negative charge (~70mV)
Potassium (K) on inside; Sodium (Na) on outside
Cell is ready to jump into action!
AP: Step Two
2. Na+ Doors OpenNa+ channels open; Na+ ions from the outside enter the cell
Cell becomes more positive; will it reach the action threshold?!?
AP: Step Three
3. DepolarizationAs Na+ is coming in, K+ doors open up; K+ ions from the inside leave the cell
Cell’s charge begins to level out (becoming more positive)
AP: Step Four
4. Action Potential Climax Na+ channels close; no more Na+
ions can enter cell
Note: K+ ions are still leaving; what is that going to do to the electrical charge of the cell?
AP: Step Five
5. Repolarization K+ ions continue to leave the cell
Cell is returning to a “resting level” stage
AP: Step Six
6. HyperpolarizationK+ doors finally close; more K+ outside than Na+ inside
Result: Cell body is too negative; cell adjusts to reach resting potential once more.
AP: Step Seven
Back to resting potentialThe system is ready to go again!
Synapse: Axons talking to Dendrites
Page #4 in notebook
Bell Ringer 11/6Page #4 in notebook
Does the process of action potential send messages to other neurons?
If so, how? If not, what does it do then?
Recap
What are the parts of the neuron? What does each part do?
Action potential is getting messages from one end of neuron to the other
Recap: Action Potential
Like a wave: Electrical charge of cell goes up and down
That up and down of charge pushes the message down axon
Synapse
Now that the information is at the axon, it needs to be sent to another neuron
Synapse: The Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Synapse Activity
Each row will have 1 dendrite, 1 axon terminal; everyone else is in the axon
Goal: to send down the most messages down the neuron Dendrite receives message from Mr. D Axon show the processes in the action potential
Axon terminal shoots message into bin
11/7/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook
Yesterday we showed how synapse worked and how sometimes synapse is blocked.
Using that information, how does Tylenol work with neurons?
Look what I found!http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/31/242158325/a-new-look-at-an-old-epilepsy-drug-yields-treatment-clue
11/7/13: Recap
Messages travel through the nervous system; this system is created by neurons
In the neuron: dendrites listen, axon terminals talk
Action Potential = message travels from dendrite to axon (SAME NEURON)
Synapse = messages travels from one neuron to the other (OTHER NEURON)
11/7/13: The Brain
Four Lobes Frontal Parietal (Par-riot-al) Occipital (Awk-sip-it-al) Temporal
Each lobe has a specific function; neuron sends different messages to each
11/7/13 Activity
Color Brain before cutting Frontal: Blue Parietal: Green Occipital: Orange Temporal: Pink Page 3: Brown
BE CAREFUL HOW YOU CUT; YOU DON’T WANT TO RUIN YOUR BRAIN!
11/13/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
Finish this sentence:“The brain is like a _______.”
Tell me why compared the brain in that way. Be creative.
Presentation Assignment
Side 1:What lobe do you have?What does that lobe control?Where in the brain is it located?
Side 2:Specifics about your case study OR
What is going on in the disease?
11/14/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
What are the four lobes and their functions?
11/14/13: Temporal Lobe
FunctionsHearingUnderstanding
LanguageMemory
11/14/13: Occipital Lobe
FunctionsPerceives visual
informationSight, sights,
and more sight
Color blindness would start here
11/14/13: Pareital Lobe
Functions:Received
messages from senses
Self-locationSelf-
OrientationSensory cortex
11/14/13: Frontal Lobe
Functions:Consciousness and
PersonalityControls mood and
emotional responsesJudgments we make
throughout dayLAST PART OF BRAIN
TO DEVELOP
11/14/13: Frontal Lobe example
Phineas Gage
Railroad rod went through his face, damaging frontal lobe
Before: Soft-spoken
After: Irritable, profane, and dishonest
11/14/13: Motor Cortex
PART OF FRONTAL LOBE
Motor CortexArea that controls
voluntary movements
Electrical stimulus causes body to move
11/14/13: Motor Cortex
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTPWu0ag2uo
11/14/13: Sensory Cortex
Sensory CortexArea in front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
Places that are more sensitive (lips) are have a larger area on Sensory Cortex
11/14/13: Sensory Cortex
11/15/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
Write the following sentence WITH YOUR LEAST DOMINANT HAND:
“The lazy dog jumped over the quick brown fox.”
11/15/13: Brain Plasticity
Recap:What does the motor cortex do?What does the sensory cortex do?
What do you think would happen to both cortexes after an injury to a limb?
11/15/13: Brain Plasticity
Plasticity:The brain’s ability to modify itself after damage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaDlLD97CLM
11/15/13: Brain Plasticity
Which characteristics define the left hemisphere? Which characteristics define the right hemisphere?
What jobs would work best for a left-brained person? What jobs would work best for a right?