what helped ideas spread so quickly during the renaissance?
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Up
What helped ideas spread so quickly during the Renaissance?
Vocabulary
Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith.
95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation.
Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic. Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the
Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith. Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed
people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.
WARM UP: SUNDAY DILEMMA
EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?
Reformation
Printing Press
Invented by:› Johann Gutenberg in
1440
What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press› Gutenberg Bible in
1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)
How did the printing press affect European society?› Very positively› More copies for
everyone by 1500› Over 250 cities had
printing press› People were
learning to read because books were so accessible
Causes of the Reformation
Emphasis was placed on the “individual” which is not good for Church Authority
The Printing Press helped spread secular ideas
Rulers didn’t like the Pope trying to control them!
Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread throughout Europe
Problems in the Catholic Church There were many
corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war!
Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and couldn’t read
Many even broke the vows they took as priests
So you can see why people wanted “reform”
Reformers
John Wyliffe (England) Desiderius Erasmus
Jan Hus (Bohemia) Thomas More
Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized ChurchReform in the late 1300& early 1400’s
Other important Reformers Martin Luther
› Became a Monk in 1505› Taught at the University of
Wittenberg (Germany)› Began by taking a stand against
Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins) Johann preached that buying of
indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church
› Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel October 31, 1517 it was posted for
the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)
3 Main ideas of Luther’s Teachings Wanted full reform of the
church1. Win salvation only by
faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
2. Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities)
3. All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible
Response to Luther
1520› Pope Leo X
threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated
1521› Charles V (Holy
Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms
Edict of Worms
The edict declared Luther as an outlaw and heretic
No one was to give him food or shelter
His books were to be burned
Frederick the Wise of Saxony (Germany) took him in and disobeyed the Pope!
Now, Luther and his followers formed a separate religious group called Lutherans
England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine annulled. The Pope wouldn’t do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.
The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament”
Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?
John Calvin
Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536
Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must:› Attend religion classes› Wear no bright clothing› Never play with playing
cards Excommunication,
banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules
Basic teachings of Calvanism
1. Men and women were sinful by nature
2. Humans can NOT earn salvation
3. Predestination› God has known
since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)
Calvin’s ideal government› Theocracy
(Government controlled by Religious leaders)
Supporters of Calvin called› Huguenots
What is an indulgence?A payment to the Church for a pardon from the penalty imposed by a priest for committed sins
Luther Calvin
Problems with Catholic Church
•Indulgences •No concept of predestination•Salvation can’t be earned
Reforms they supported
•Denying the pope worldly power•Bible has more authority than church •Eliminating indulgences
•Concept of predestination•Theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders
Results of their protests of the Church
•Started Protestant Reformation•Formed Lutheran Church •England no longer Catholic
•Formed Calvinism•Followers called Calvinists and Huguenots in France
Closing
What were reasons why many people left the Roman Catholic Church?