world-wide depression and the rise of militarism
TRANSCRIPT
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World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism
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Key Terms
Democracy:Power to rule comes from the consent of
the governed. People have the power!
CapitalismFactories, equipment, and other means of
production are privately owned rather than controlled by government. Free Market! Found in Democracies!
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Key Terms
Totalitarianism:A form of government that controls every
aspect of its citizens’ lives. Citizens have no rights. No opposition.
FascismPolitical philosophy that places the
importance of the nation over the individual. Nationalism! Dictator!
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Nationalism – an extreme form of patriotism. Glorifying and increasing the influence of one’s own country (often at the expense of others)
Militarism - Glorifying and building up your military. Using military force to promote your countries goals.
Key Terms
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Key Terms
Communism:The state owns all property and means of
production. All citizens share the wealth. Totalitarian Leader.
Monarchy:The ruler inherits the right to rule and has
power for life. People must follow leaders rule!
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Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
Create a sound communist state and wait for world revolution
Revolution by workers State ownership of
property
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Stalin’s Plan 2 Main goals:
Raise agriculture productionModernize industry
Five-Year Plan:Take private lands from farmers -
collectivizationThose who refuse forced into hard labor
in concentration campsExport food for profit = famine
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The Great Purge:
Secret policeUse of force against all other political parties and those who stood against him.
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Difficulties in Germany
High debts from WWIHigh unemploymentMassive inflation in the 1920s
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The Weimar Republic:The Weimar Republic: discredited in the eyes of the world discredited in the eyes of the world
AND GermanyAND Germany Blame of communists, Jews and Blame of communists, Jews and
liberals for the problems of the liberals for the problems of the Weimar Republic.Weimar Republic.
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
Political Extremism—Communist Political Extremism—Communist and fascist and extreme and fascist and extreme nationalistnationalist
Economic disaster!Economic disaster!
The people are looking for SALVATION
Germany--Weimar Republic-1920’s
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What is going on in this picture?
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Hitler & GermanyPromised the people work and
a stable governmentIncreased his power through
forceArrested enemies and opponents
Built up the armed forces
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Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Extreme
nationalism and racism
Militaristic expansionism
Private property with strong government controls
Anticommunist
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January 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
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The Nazi State 1933-1945
Total State control Total State control techniquestechniques propaganda propaganda
mastersmasters mass mass
demonstrationdemonstrationss
rearmament of rearmament of the military – the military – put everyone put everyone to work!to work!
Retake landRetake land
SS control of SS control of police using police using terror based terror based on Nazi on Nazi ideology ideology (secret (secret police,camps police,camps execution and execution and extermination)extermination)
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Nazi Propaganda—Hitler Youth
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Mussolini “Il Duce” & Italy
In 1919 Mussolini forms the Fascist party
Appointed prime minister in 1922
Italy was plagued with PovertyUnemploymentsocial unrest
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Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini
Extreme nationalism Militaristic
expansionism Charismatic leader Private property with
strong government controls
Anticommunist
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What did he do once in power?
Suspended electionsBanned labor unionsOutlawed opposing political
partiesCensored the pressEmployed spies and secret
police
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1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain
Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops
Franco wins and sets up a totalitarian dictatorship
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Some U.S. volunteers fight but congress passes Neutrality Acts keeping the U.S. from
getting involved…
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Japan Promoted to Prime Minister
Very loyal to Emperor Hirohito
Supported Tripartite Pact w/ Germany and Italy
Pushed to expand Japan’s control in Asia
Hideki Tojo – Japan Imperialist Military Regime
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1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing Japanese army invades
Nanjing 300,000 dead 20,000 women raped “Rape of Nanjing”
Roosevelt calls for “quarantine” against
aggressive nations like Japan
Japan invades Vietnam, Formosa, Korea, much of China and several Pacific
Islands…