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PART A
DEFINITION OF INTERESTS;
Interest definition means that the cost of borrowing money or fee paid on
borrowed asets. Interest is the price that you need to pay because you are
borrowed money or, money earned by deposited funds.An interest rate is the
cost stated as a percent of the amount borrowed per period of time, usually one
year and one month. The aim of interest is to bear the risk of currency collapse in
the future. Beside that, it is to bear loss towards lender because postponing loan.
The lender or bank will increase the interest because the possibility the the value
of money might be in increase during the term of the loan. If they not increase the
interest the lender will loss.
For example :
When you take a loan out from a bank, or wherever, they will expect you to pay
interest. This means that you pay back what you took out on a loan, plus extra
money. So for example, if you took a loan out for RM500, and let's say you have
to pay it back with 15% interest, you would pay back RM575.
The ability to calculate interest is a vital part of understanding how well
you are managing your finances. Not only is interest likely a major player in
whatever debt you may owe, but it can also be a key factor in making your
money grow.
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HOW TO CALCULATE INTEREST ON A LOAN
1. Take a RM10,000 loan from your banking institution for 1 year and assume you
have to pay RM100 interest for one year, with a stated interest rate of 5%.
2. Calculate the effective loan rate = Interest divided by Principal or
RM100/RM10,000 = 5%.Your APR annual percentage rate is equal to the
previous stated rate.
3. Currently personal lines of credit loans and home mortgage loans will range from
the low 5% to the high 12-15% interest. Typically lines of credit will require a co-
signer and home loans often need at least 10-20% down to make the deal work.
4. Right now is a tough time to get a loan at a bank but if you have collateral such
as other properties to leverage or a car that is newer than 10 years you can use
them to borrow more money. Life insurance, stocks, bonds, and other
investments are also subject to be used as collateral.
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SIMPLE INTEREST
Simple interest is calculated on the original principal only. Simple interest
is normally used for a single period of less than a year, such as 30 or 60 days.
The simple interest can calculate according to the following formula:
Formula to find simple interest:
Simple Interest = p x i x n
where:
Interest = the total amount of interest paid,
Principal (p) = the amount lent or borrowed,
Rate (i) = the percentage of the principal charged as interest each
year. The rate is expressed as a decimal fraction, so
percentages must be divided by 100. For example, if the
rate is 15%, then use 15/100 or 0.15 in the formula.
Time (n) = is the time in years of the loan.
or you can use the second formula :
= Amount in Ringgit Malaysia X interest rate % X time ( in year,month ) = total
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For example:
Saiful borrowed RM 20,000 from the bank to purchase a car. He agreed to repay
the amount in 10 months, plus simple interest at an interest rate of 10% per year.
If shaida repay the full amount of RM 20,000 in eight months, the interest would
be :
Solution;
Amount in RM X interest rate X time
= RM 20,000 X 10% X 10 month
= RM 1666.67
If he repays the amount of RM 20,000 in fifteen months, the only change is with
time. Therefore, his interest would be:
Solution:
= RM 20,000 X 10% X 15 month
= RM 2500.00
Example 2 :
If RM 5000 is invesed for 2 years at an annual interest rate of 10%, how much
interest will be received at the end of the 2 year period?
Solution:
I = RM 5000(0.10)(2) = RM 1000
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S = RM 5000 + RM 1000 = RM 6000
Three other variations of this formula are used to find P, R and T:
P = I R = I T = IRT PT PR
Simple interest problems can involve lending or borrowing. In both cases
the same formulas are used.
Whenever money is borrowed, the total amount to be paid back equals the
principal borrowed plus the interest charge:
total repayments = ( principal + interest )
Usually the money is paid back in regular instalments, either monthly or weekly.
To calculate the regular payment amount, you divide the total amount to be
repaid by the number of months ( or weeks ) of the loan. Like this:
monthly payment amount = principal + interest
loan period,T,in months
or
weekly payment amount = principal + interest
loan period,T,in weeks
To convert the loan period, 'T', from years to months, you multiply it by 12, since
there are 12 months in a year. Or, to convert 'T' to weeks, you multiply by 52,
because there are 52 weeks in a year.
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The example problem below shows you how to use these formulas:
Example:
A student purchases a computer by obtaining a simple interest loan. The
computer costs RM1500, and the interest rate on the loan is 12%. If the loan is to
be paid back in weekly instalments over 2 years, calculate :
1. The amount of interest paid over the 2 years,
2. the total amount to be paid back,
3. the weekly payment amount.
Given: principal: 'P' = RM1500, interest rate: 'R' = 12% = 0.12,
repayment time :
'T' = 2 years
Part 1: Find the amount ofinterest paid.
interest: 'I' = PRT
= 1500 0.12 2
= RM360
Part 2: Find the total amount to be paid back.
total repayments = principal + interest
= RM1500 + RM360
= RM1860
Part 3: Calculate the weekly payment amount
total repayments
weekly payment amount = -----------------------------------loan period, T, in weeks
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RM1860
= -------------------2 52
= RM17.88 per week
Table of Payment Per Month (Simple Interest)
7
RMPeriod
( Month)
3000 310.00
4000 414.00
5000 517.00
6000 620.00
7000 724.00
8000 827.00
9000 930.00
10000 1,034.00
11000 1,137.00
12000 1,240.00
13000 1,344.00
14000 1,447.00
12000 1,550.00
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Table of payment are based on 2% interests per month.
(source : CIMB Islamic Bank)
COMPOUND INTEREST
A second method that you can paying interest is the compound interest method.
Compound interest means where the interest for each period is added to to the
principal before interest is calculated for the next period. Its means this principal
will grow as the interest is added to it. This method is used in investment such as
saving accounts.
Formula :
interest year 1 = p x i x n = 10,000 x .05 x 1 = 500
interest year 2 = (p2 = p1 + i1) x i x n = (10,000 + 500) x .05 x 1 = 525
interest year 3 = (p3 = p2 + i2) x i x n = (10,500 + 525) x.05 x 1 = 551.25
For example:
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Faizah want to buy a car. She borrowed RM 30,000 in 3 years at 5% annual
interest compounded annually:
The principal for the first year is RM 30,000.
The interest at end of the first year is
I= RM 30,000(0.05)(I) = RM 1500
The amount at the end of the first year is
S = P + I= RM 30,000 + RM 1500 = RM 31,500
The principal for the second year is RM 31,500.
The interest at the end of the second year is
I= RM 31,500(0.05)(1) = RM 1575
The amount at the end of the second year is
S = P + I= RM 31,500 + RM 1575 = RM 33,075
The principal for the third year is RM 33,075
The interest at the end of the third year is
I= RM 33,075(0.05)(1) = RM 1653.75
The amount at the end of the end year is
S= P + I= RM 33,075 + RM 1653.75 = RM 34,728.75
Formula:
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S = P(1 + I )n.
If RM 5000 is invested for 5 years at 9%, compunded annually, how much
interest is earned?
Solution:
S = P (1 + I ) n
S = RM 5000(1 + 0.09)5
= RM 5000(1.5386)
= RM 7693.1198
= RM 7693.12, to the nearest cent.
Since RM 5000 of this amount was the original investment, the nearest earned is
RM 7693.12 RM 5000 = RM 7693. 12
Compound Amount:
Formula :
If RMP invested for t years at a nominal interest rate, j , compunded m times per
year, then the total number of compounding period is
n = mt,
the interest rate per compounding period is
i = j ,
m
and the compound amount is
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S = P(1 + i )n = P (1+ j )mt m
Example:
If RM 8000 is invested for 6 years at 8%, compounded quarterly, find (a) the
compound amound, (b) the compound interest.
Solution:
(a) Since P= RM 8000, t= 6 years,j= 0.08, and m = 4 compounding
periods per year, the compound amount is given by
S = P( 1 + j )mt
m
= RM 8000(1 + 0.08) = RM 8000(1 + 0.02)244.6
= RM 8000(1.608437) = RM 12,867.50
(b) The compound interest is given by RM 12,867.50 RM 8000 = RM4867.50
Example 2:
If RM 1000 is invested for 3 years at 6%, compounded quarterly (four times a
year), what interest is earned?
Solution:
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Since P = RM 1000, t = 3 years, j = 0.09, and m = 4 compounding periods per
year, the total number of compounding period is
N = (4)(5) = 20,
The interest rate per period is
I = 0.09 = 0.0154
Compound amount is
S = P(1 = i)n
= RM 1000(1 + 0.015)
= RM 1000(1.346855)
= RM 1346.8557
= RM 1346. 86.
The interest is RM 1346.86 RM 1000 = RM 346.8
Table of Monthly Payment (Compound Interest)
RM Period (month)
12 24 36 48
3000 310.00 185.00 144.00 123.00
4000 414.00 247.00 192.00 164.00
5000 517.00 309.00 239.00 205.00
6000 620.00 370.00 287.00 245.00
7000 724.00 432.00 335.00 286.00
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8000 827.00 494.00 383.00 327.00
9000 930.00 555.00 430.00 368.00
10000 1,034.00 617.00 478.00 409.00
Table of payment are based on 2% interests per month.
(source : CIMB Islamic Bank)
Additional Information
Try to keep the interest you pay to a minimum. Your money will grow
faster if you pay little to nothing in interest compared to what you receive in
interest or appreciation of investments. This means paying off debts before you
worry about investing, because your creditors are likely going to charge a higher
interest rate than the interest rate any investment will pay out (with the possible
exception of low-interest mortgages and student loans). When you have debt, it
really is better to give than receive.
Keep in mind that when interest is compounded, it is often broken up
into smaller amounts. For example, a 12 percent annual rate that is compounded
monthly would result in 1 percent being compounded 12 times, which makes for
12.68 percent interest over a year. You can see for yourself if you follow the
formula.
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Calculation of All Type of Interests.
1. Know what the entire amount drawing interest is. This is the principal. For this
example, let's say the principal is RM10,000.
2. Decide if you want to calculate simple interest or compound interest. Simple
interest is a one-time charge. Compound interest builds on itself from one period
to the next. It could be compounded yearly, monthly or even daily.
3. To calculate simple interest, take the interest rate and divide by 100. If your
interest rate is 7 percent, this would turn it into .07. Now multiply that decimal by the
amount of the principal (which is RM10,000 in our example) to get the interest. In
this case, it would be RM700.
4. Calculating compound interest is more complicated. Suppose your 7 percent
interest is compounded every year, and it is for an investment, not a debt. That
means RM10,000 turns into RM10,700 after one year. The following year you would
earn interest of .07 multiplied by RM10,700, which equals RM749. Now the total
comes to RM11,449.
5. If you need to calculate compound interest over more than just a few periods
of time, it is easier to use a formula instead of repeating a calculation over and over.
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To do this, first add a 1 to your interest rate decimal. Therefore a 7 percent rate
would become 1.07.
6. Then convert this number to the power of your number of times the interest is
compounded. If it is once a year for 12 years, then it would be 1.07 to the 12th
power, which equals 2.25. That means your money will have grown 2.25 times at the
end of 12 years.
PART B
i) Comparison Between Laptop/Printer Prices
Package A Package B Package C
Items *Laptop
Model
Printer
Model
Laptop
Model
Printer
Model
Laptop
Model
Printer
Model
Model AsusU43JC-
WX042V
Canon
Ip100
HP
Paviliondv3-
2110TX
CanoniX4000
HP
Paviliondv4-
1412TX
CanonLBP3300
Prices RM 3,999 RM988 RM 3,699 RM 1,068 RM 3,999 RM818
Total RM4,987 RM 4,767 RM 4,817
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Prices
Table 1.1
ii) Personal Bank Loan
We have reviewed the three banks (Maybank,CIMB Bank and BSN) in the town
of Kuala Lipis which offering different interest rates for a loan of RM5000.
1) Maybanks Monthly Payment Schedule
Interests 11%
LoanAmount
RM/Month
Period/s
12 24 36 48 60
Monthly Repayment (RM)
5,000 462.50 254.17 184.72 150.00 129.17
10,000 925.00 508.33 369.44 300.00 258.33
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15,000 1,387.00 762.50 554.17 450.00 387.50
20,000 1850.00 1,016.67 738.89 600.00 516.67
25,000 2,291.67 1,250.00 902.78 729.17 625.00
Table 1.2
Calculation for the Repayment of Bank Loans :
The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for every
month is RM184.72.
Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 11%
RM 184.72 x 36 (month) = RM 6649.92 (repayment for 3 years)
RM 6649.92 RM 5000.00 = RM1649.90 (bank interest)
2) CIMBs Monthly Payment Schedule
Interests 24%
Loan
Amount
RM/Month
Period/s
12 24 36 48 60
Monthly Repayment (RM)
3,000 310.00 185.00 144.00 123.00 110.00
4,000 414.00 247.00 192.00 164.00 147.00
5,000 517.00 309.00 239.00 205.00 184.00
6,000 620.00 370.00 287.00 245.00 220.00
7,000 724.00 432.00 335.00 286.00 257.00
Table 1.3
Calculation for the Repayment of Bank Loans :
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The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for
every month is RM239.00.
Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 24%
RM 239.00 x 36 (month) = RM 8604.00. (repayment for 3 years)
RM 8604.00 RM 5000.00 = RM3604.00 (bank interest)
3) BSNs Monthly Payment Schedule
Interests 3.15% 4.75%
Loan
AmountRM/Month
Period/s
12 24 36 48 60Monthly Repayment (RM)
5,000 430.00 222.00 159.00 124.00 104.00
10,000 860.00 443.00 318.00 248.00 207.00
15,000 1,290.00 665.00 477.00 372.00 310.00
20,000 1,720.00 886.00 635.00 406.00 413.00
25,000 2,149.00 1,108.00 794.00 620.00 516.00
Table 1.4
Calculation for the Repayment of Bank Loans :
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The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for
every month is RM159.00.
Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 4.75%
RM 159.00 x 36 (month) = RM 5724.00. (repayment for 3 years)
RM 5724.00 RM 5000.00 = RM724.00 (bank interest)
iii) Comparison Between the Personal Loan.
BankInterests
Rate (%)
Loan Amount
(each month)/RM
Loan Amount
(3 years)/RM
Bank
Interest/RM
Maybank 11% 184.72 6649.92 1649.90
CIMB 24% 239.00 8604.00 3604.00
BSN 4.75% 159.00 5724.00 724.00
Table 1.5
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Table 1.6
Based on the above chart, we can analyze that all banks charge different
interest rates in loans made. For example, Maybank impose an interest rate of
11%, CIMB 24%, while BSN 4.75% for loans for a year. Based on the
comparison of interest rates for the three banks, BSN interest rates is the lowest
interest, while CIMB charge the highest interest rate. From these comparisons,
we can conclude that the most suitable bank for us, as a student loan is the bank
BSN.
iv) Monthly Budget Proposal and Annual Expenses
Monthly Budget
Details___________________________Total (RM)c
INCOME
Allowance 430.00Pocket Money from Parents 150.00
Total 580.00c
EXPENDITUREFoods 300.00Topup 30.00
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Others 50.00
Total _380.00
Total Expenditure_________ 380.00
Balance________________ 200.00
Annualy Budget
Details___________________________Total (RM)c
INCOME
Allowance 5160.00Pocket Money from Parents 1800.00
Total 6960.00d
EXPENDITUREFoods 3600.00Topup 360.00
Others 600.00
Total 4560.00
Total Expenditure_________ 4560.00
Balance________________ 2400.00
We have selected a laptop and printer package A that offers a price of
RM4,987. Please refer to table 1.1 for more information. Our monthly income of
RM580 per month.Based on month and annual budget stated above, we are
spending a total of RM380 per month and the balance of expenditure was
RM200. So, we need to borrow from banks which only offer banks repayment
under RM200 per month for a certain period.
There were two banks of Maybank and BSN which offer a repayment of
RM200 and below per month. Maybank to impose an interest rate of 11% with
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repayment of RM184.72 while BSN required to 4.75% interest rate and RM
159.00 for reimbursement. With this it is clear that the BSN offers interest rates
that are not critical and affordable repayment.So, we have selected the BSN as
our preferred bank for a loan.
v) REPORT
We would like to buy the laptop and printer are both priced at RM4,987. We cannot afford to buy in cash, and we want to make a loan from the bank of
RM5000. We have reviewed the three banks (Maybank,CIMB Bank and BSN) in
the town of Kuala Lipis which offering different interest rates for a loan of
RM5000. Each bank that we were going offer different interest rates.Maybank
impose an interest rate of 11%, CIMB 24%, while BSN 4.75% for loans for a
year.
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Principal : RM 5000
Maybank Loan
Interest : 11%
RM 184.72 x 36 (month) = RM 6649.92 (repayment for 3 years)
RM 6649.92 RM 5000.00 = RM1649.90 (bank interest)
CIMB Loan
Interest : 24%
RM 239.00 x 36 (month) = RM 8604.00. (repayment for 3 years)
RM 8604.00 RM 5000.00 = RM3604.00 (bank interest)
BSN Loan
Interest : 4.75%
RM 159.00 x 36 (month) = RM 5724.00. (repayment for 3 years)
RM 5724.00 RM 5000.00 = RM724.00 (bank interest)
From these calculations, BSN bank offers lowest interest rates.So,we
choose BSN bank as the bank preferred to make loans.
Monthly budget
Allowance
Pocket money from parents
TOTAL
= RM430
= RM150
= RM580
Expenditure
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Foods
Topup
= RM300
= RM 30
Bank repayment = RM159
Others
TOTAL
= RM 50
= RM539
Income Expenditure = Balance
RM 580 RM539 = RM41
We use the RM539 monthly for expenditure, including banks for repayment of
RM159 per month.We have a balance of RM41.This balanced can be used to
purchase computer accessories.
Bank repayment
We need to pay RM159 to the bank for a month.The interest for this loan is
4.75%.We choose to pay for the next three years (36 month).RM 159.00 x 36 (month) = RM 5724.00. (repayment for 3 years)
RM 5 724.00 (bank repayment for 3 years) x 100 = 27.41%
RM 20 880.00 (income for 3 years)
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From these calculations, we have used a total of 27.41% of our
income for the next three years for repayment of bank. So, the use ofmoney to pay bank is not too heavy as us as a student.
REFLECTION
(AHMAD FARHAN BIN ZAINUDIN)
Alhamdulillah,finally Knowledge-Based Coursework assignments can be
completed in accordance with procedures. During the process of completing
tasks, many constraints and the obstacle to be overcome, but Alhamdulillah, all
faced with.
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I received this assignment from my lecturers, Madam Amalina binti
Suhaimi on August 17, 2010 and assignment questions were distributed to
classmates.This task should be done in groups of two for each group. If we lookat the issue of this journal, on August 17, 2010, my class was given two weeks to
complete this task.This makes me and friends had to chase the time to completeassignments in a short time. However, all that will be the impetus for us to
complete the task in earnest.
Within two weeks from the date of submission of assignments, and some
of my classmates had to find and gather information at the Al-Khindi Library in
evening.Many information that we collected from the books in the library.Inaddition, we also exchange information obtained to facilitate our work.With
modern technology facilities, I can find information more quickly.
Time to complete this tasks was too short.So, my partner and I had to
arrange a schedule to do this can be done at the appropriate time for us besides
we had to attend the lecture-course change in the afternoon and evening in
addition to compulsory courses in the morning.Alhamdulillah, in accordance withthe timetable, this task can be made more lancar.We also have a discussion with
other friends about this tasks.We had exchanged of views and information that
we get.As a result, our job becomes much easier when we had discussions withcolleagues.
In addition, we also went to the nearby banks such as BSN, Maybank and
CIMB.We had asked bank officials about the assignment topic.A lot of
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information obtained and we more understand about this assignment.Thank youto the bank officials Mr. Rashidi bin Ishak, Mr. Syed Nasrul Hakim bin Syed
Idross and Mr. Saifuddin bin Yusuf.Without information from them,probably thisassignment cant be done better than before.In addition, we also met with Mrs.
Amalina to discuss about the draft before we start our typing tasks.She had
assisted us in correcting our draft and giving evidence more about this work
procedures.
After completing this course, I can understand more about the interest rate
charged by the bank when we want to make loans bank.Besides, I can make
more accurate choices when choosing banks want to make a loan. The result of
this knowledge, I can to apply to my daily life and in the future later.
REFLECTION
(MOHAMAD YUSRA BIN MAT KASSIM)
The assignment was given on 17th August 2010 and should be submitted
to our lecturer on 3rd September 2010. Soon after I went through the task given, I
found that the assignment given were quite challenging. Therefore, I need to do
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my best to finish this assignment although this is my first assignment.
Nevertheless, these first assignments are quite difficult and sometimes make me
feel nervous about it.
During the preparations to do this assignment, I went through a lot of
difficulty. First at all, I couldnt get enough information regarding the task given. I
tried to surf the internet but sometimes the connection failed me. The most
important obstacles are I did not really understand what the requirements of the
assignment are.
In this IPG, I found that the library did not have enough references
regarding this assignment. Although the library was big enough and has a lot
books, it has limited reference especially a mathematic books. To overcome this
situation, my friends and I went out to the town to get further information. The first
destinations were CIMB Bank. We managed to meet Mr. Abdullah and he
explained to us about compound and simple interest. He also thought us the
interest calculation processes and suggested the most suitable interest rates
should be taken.
Soon before we leave the premises, Mr. Abdullah gave us several
pamphlets as a reference to get further understanding about interest. Then, we
went to BSN Bank to get seek other information about interest, particularly from
BSN Bank.
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Besides that, Im also tried to get the other information from internet.
Unfortunately, I did not get any Wi-Fi connection and I had to borrow broadband
Wi-Fi from my friends. At the same time, my understanding to the question given
was still not satisfying. Finally, with the assistant from my lectures and my
friends, I really understand the requirement of the question and the assignment
given. Although the assignment were challenging to me, in the process my
English skill and knowledge was increased e.g. the writing and reading skill. It is
because the assignment needs to be prepared in English.
Furthermore, during the process to finish this assignment, Im found that my
relationship between my friends were tightens and also our espirit de corps. We
always discussed and gave our opinion to get some ideas to finish this
assignment.
The assignment also taught me to manage my personal expenditure. The
assignment taught me not to spending money to unnecessary items. It is
because since I further my study at this IPG, I did not manage my money
properly.
Finally, my first assignment has taught me and give me experienced really
benefit to me. Ill be using the experience and knowledge to fulfill my ambition to
become a successful teacher from this IPG.
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ATTACHMENT