0-question banks - environmental ecology

8/11/2019 0-Question Banks - Environmental Ecology

1/10

Question banks on Ecology: Compiled by Dr. S.K. Maiti

1 - Mark

(i). Osmotrophs & Phagotrophs

(ii). Ecads & Ecotype

(iii). Detritus food chain & grazing food chain

(iv). Hysteresis & Malleaility

(v). Elasticity & !mplitude

(vi). Primary & secondary productivity

(vii). "ross primary production & net primary production

(viii). Energy flo# pattern in grassland ecosystem & forest ecosystem

(i$). Ecological Efficiency: %indemans efficiency

($). 'eserve pool & e$change pool

($i). urnover rate and turnover time($ii). itrification & denitrifications

($iii). !mmonitication & *i$ation of !mmonia

($iv). +ymiotic & asymiotic nitrogen fi$ation

($v). ,olour less +ulphur acteria & Purple + acteria

($vi). +ulphate 'educing -acteria (+-') & chemosynthetic sulphur acteria

($vii). utrient cycling in the tropics & temperate region

($viii). +teno & eury species

($i$). +patial niche & tropic niche

($$). iche readth & niche overlap

($$i). Predation & parasitism

($$ii). !mensalism & commensalisms

($$iii). eutralism & Mutualis

($$iv). Protocooperation & sysmiosis

($$v). ,ro#n cover & asal cover

($$vi). Ecads & Ecotype

($$vii). "ene level & species level iodiversity

($$viii). Margalef/s inde$ & Menhini0 inde$

($$i$). +impson/s & +hannon inde$

($$$). +hannon inde$ & +hannon/s E1uitaility inde$

($$$i). "uilds & 0eystone species

($$$ii). *orcing function & state variales


2/10

($$$iii). 2et deserts

($$$iv). %indemans efficiency

($$$v). ,O3 sin0 y Ocean

($$$vi). Ecological e1uivalents

Lec- 1: Ecology Ecosystem

Enumerate the different structural and functional components of ecosystem. Dra# an outline of a natural

alanced ecosystem.

Descrie different components of forest ecosystem. Ho# to study these components. 42hy all ecological

pyramids are not upright4 e$plain #ith suitale e$amples.

Enumerate the different structural and functional components of a terrestrial ecosystem5 Or6 Enumerate

the different structural and functional components of an a1uatic ecosystem5

4Decomposers acts as important link between biotic and abiotic components4 7ustify statements.

Define with examples of the following terms8

ropic level6

*ood chain

*ood 2e

"razzing and detritus food chain

9nertia and resilience properties of ecosystem

Environmental significance of food chain study.

Ecosystem inertia reliance

Homeostasis of Ecosystemegative & positive feedac0

+taility & inertia

'esilience property of ecosystemHysteresis & Malleaility

Elasticity & !mplitude

!ragile ecosystem

2hat is fragile ecosystem5

2hat are the criteria used for determining fragile or sensitive ecosystem5,ritical indicators for desertic ecosystem.

:Himalayan ecosystem is ecologically very fragile; < 7ustify your ans#er.

Distinguish et#een a fragile ecosystem and a stale ecosystem.

ame fe# fragile ecosystems in 9ndia.


3/10

Energy "lo#

Define primary productivity and secondary productivity5 Ho# to measure productivity of an a1uaticecosystem5

Primary and secondary productivity

Descrie energy flo# pattern in an ecosystem y using o$pipe model.

Ho# to calculate ecological efficiency.

4+tudy of energy flo# in ecosystems gives a complete understanding of functioning of an ecosystem4

e$plain.

Discuss the process of measuring primary productivity in terrestrial and a1uatic ecosystems5

$iogeoc%emical cycles

Define iogeochemical cycles5 'eserve pool & e$change pool=

%ist the essential plant nutrients re1uired for plant gro#th and their availale forms.

(a)Nitrogen cycle

Discuss the impacts of deforestation on nitrogen cycle.

Environmental significance of cycle.

Write shortnotes on-

Mineralisation

itrification

itrification & denitrification

%ist the nitrogen fi$ing organisms (4 + 4 + 2)

Carbon cycle

9mpacts on caron cycle viz. "reen house effects.

,aron cycle and green house effect.

Outline the ,cycle and discuss its importance in the light of greenhouse effect.

Enumerate the gloal caron cycle= "ive an account of caron sources and sin0 against the atmospheric

,O3 concentration of udget of >?@ ppmv.

9mportance of sulfur cycle an environmental engineer.= cro#n corrosion in se#erage pipe.

!tmospheric flu$ of sulphur

Microial transformation of sulphur under aroic and anaeroic environment.

Outline the sulphur cycle

Law of minimum, habitat niche

%a# of minimum & +elford/s la# of tolerance

Ecological indicator


4/10

+teno & eury species

-iological cloc0

Multidimensional or hyper


5/10

Write shortnotes on -

Primary succession and secondary succession

+ere and clima$

Difference et#een monoclima$ and polyclima$

!utotropic and heterotropic succession.

,lima$ concept in ecological succession.

$iodi'ersity

Define -iodiversity. Discuss the ma7or steps ta0en to conserve 9ndian -iodiversity.

E$plain the +hannon2eaver 9nde$ and the +impson inde$ for iodiversity assessment.

Enumerate the different indices used for iodiversity assessment. 2hy iodiversity is very high in

tropical rain forest5 2hy iodiversity must e preserved5

'eddata oo0 species.

'are6 endangered6 threatened and endemic species

6 6 Diversity8

Margalef/s inde$ & Menhini0 inde$

+impson/s and +hannon inde$

+impson/s inde$ for finite and infinite samples.

-erger par0er & -rillounin inde$

+hannon inde$ & +hannon E1uitaility inde$

*actors causing species diversity

,ompare the effectiveness of different indices used for iodiversity assessment.,alculate +impson/s and +hannon inde$ of diversity for the follo#ing oservation. !lso calculate +hannonE1uitaility inde$ (EH) or evenness inde$.

ree species umer of individuals

! ABB

- ?B

, >B

D 3B

E A

otal () 3BA

,alculate -rillounin inde$ & +hannon inde$ of diversity for the follo#ing oservations. !lso calculate +hannonE1uitaility inde$ (EH) or evenness inde$.

+pecies 9ndividual in com A 9ndividual in com 3

a > ?

> ?

c > ?

d > ?

e > ?

Hs A.B A.B

H- A.3> A.>3


6/10

,alculate -erger par0er inde$ & +imson/s inde$ of diversity

+pecies 9ndividuals per species

,ommunity A ,ommunity 3

a AB ?

AB ?

c AB ?

d AB ?

e AB ?

f AB ?

g AB ?h AB ?

i AB ?

7 AB ??Total number of individuals ABB ABB

Total number of species AB AB

Estimate similarity et#een t#o sites y using ,ze0ano#s0i inde$6 Faccard inde$6 +orensen/s coefficient and

Euclidean inde$.

+pecies +ite ! +ite -

! >? A?- ? AB

, >? @B

D 3? 3B

E B A?

()uatic ecology

(a) Discuss the light and temperature stratification in a lentic haitat.

() Discuss the phenomena of light and temperature stratification in a lentic haitat. 2hat #ill the impact

of thermal discharge on the lentic haitat5

(c) ,alculate the depth of compensation level6 #hen 0 G B.BA6 9oG >BB gcalm3day (assume that a

minimum of ABC incident solar radiation is needed for effective photosynthesis).

(d) %ist the different types of life forms found in a1uatic haitats.

"ive an outline of the zonation of Marine ecosystem.

*o+icology2hat are the differences et#een acute and chronic to$icity test5 Ho# to select test organisms for to$icity

test5 Ho# to conduct acute to$icity test in the laoratory.


7/10

(a) !cute and chronic to$icity test.

() 9mportances of o$icity test.

(c) 'angefinding and definitive to$icity test.

(d) !dvantage and disadvantages of static to$icity test.

%,?Band E,?B.

Ia and Ic

2hat are the four zones in the 2hipple6 *air and 2hipple medel5 Define the zones y e$plaining #hat

happens in each zone once the iodegradale #aste is discharged.

Eutrop%ication

2hy nitrogen and phosphorus are the main nutrients cause eutrophication process5

2hat are the indicators of eutrophication process. Ho# la0e are classified ased on eutrophication.

ropic status inde$ (+9).

"ive an outline of the 0inetics of eutrophication process.

umerical8

JA. ! la0e #ith surface area e1ual to KB $ ABm3is fed y a stream having an average flo# of A? m>sec

and average total phosphorus concentration of B.BAmg%. 9n addition6 treated effluent from a

#aste#ater treatment plant adds B.3m>sec of flo# having ? mg% total phosphorus. (assume

phosphorus settling rate is estimated at 10m/year!

,alculate phosphorus concentration in la0e and determine #hether the la0e #ill face eutrophication

prolems or not5. 9f yes6#hat level of phosphorus removal at the treatment plant #ould e re1uired

to 0eep the average la0e concentration elo# B.BA mg%5

J3. ,onsider a la0e #ith ABB $ ABm3of surface area for #hich the only source of phosphorus is the

effluent from a #aste#ater treatment plant. he effluent flo# rate and its phosphorus concentration

is AB mg%. he la0e is also fed y a natural stream having 3B m>sec of flo# #ith no phosphorus.

(assume phosphorus settling rate is estimated to be 10m/ year!

Estimate the average phosphorus concentration in the la0e. 2hat level of phosphorus removal at thetreatment plant #ould e re1uired to 0eep the average la0e concentration elo# B.BA mg%5

Pesticides and bioaccumulation


8/10

UNIT-4: Landscape ecology (2 question: 12 x 2

Ho# the ecology differ from %andscape ecology5

Enumerate ho# emergence of %andscape ecology no# solving roadscale environmental issues.

2hy %andscape ecology is important to 'esource manager5

Define landscape ecology in ecology6 #ildlife and management perspectives.

Enumerate the structural and functional elements of %andscape ecology.

E$plain Patch6 ,orridor and Matri$ elements in the conte$t of %andscape ecology.

2hat is disturance regime5 %ist the types and origin of disturance agents.

Discuss the role of disturance in ecosystem and %andscape.Enumerate Millennium Development "oals (MD"s) proposed under Inited ations Millenium

Declarations.

Enumerate ecosystem management strategy those could e developed for a pro7ect.

Discuss the important principles considered for ecosystem management. 2hat is ecosystem auditing5

arrate the important elements considered for ecosystem auditing.

UNIT-!: "#$%& '%&L )*%+,+T)" (1 question: 12 ma.

/o0 'old mao ecosystem complexes ae an.ed

3iely elaboate t5e c5aacteistics6 layeing and 5uman uses o Topical ain oest7

3iely discuss t5e c5aacteistics6 types and 5uman impacts and economic uses o gasslandecosystem7

Discuss the light and temperature stratification in a lentic haitat.

Discuss the phenomena of light and temperature stratification in a lentic haitat. 2hat #ill the impact of

thermal discharge on the lentic haitat5

%ist the different types of life forms found in a1uatic haitats.

"ive an outline of the zonation of Marine ecosystem.

'5at ae t5e unique c5aacteistics o estuaine ecosystem

Unit-2: 3iogeo-c5emical cycling ( 1 question: 12 ma.sDefine iogeochemical cycles5 'eserve pool & e$change pool=

Discuss the impacts of deforestation on nitrogen cycle.

Environmental significance of cycle.

9mpacts on caron cycle viz. "reen house effects.

Outline the ,cycle and discuss its importance in the light of greenhouse effect.


9/10

Enumerate the gloal caron cycle= "ive an account of caron sources and sin0 against the atmospheric

,O3 concentration of udget of >?@ ppmv.

9mportance of sulfur cycle an environmental engineer.

cro#n corrosion in se#erage pipe.

!tmospheric flu$ of sulphurMicroial transformation of sulphur under aroic and anaeroic environment.

Outline the sulphur cycle

Law of minimum, habitat niche

%a# of minimum & +elford/s la# of tolerance

Ecological indicator

+teno & eury species

-iological cloc0

Multidimensional or hyper


10/10

Environmental significance of food chain study.

Ecosystem inertia reliance

Homeostasis of Ecosystemegative & positive feedac0

+taility & inertia'esilience property of ecosystem

Hysteresis & MalleailityElasticity & !mplitude

!ragile ecosystem

2hat is fragile ecosystem5

2hat are the criteria used for determining fragile or sensitive ecosystem5

,ritical indicators for desertic ecosystem.

:Himalayan ecosystem is ecologically very fragile; < 7ustify your ans#er.

Distinguish et#een a fragile ecosystem and a stale ecosystem.

ame fe# fragile ecosystems in 9ndia.

Energy "lo#

Define primary productivity and secondary productivity5 Ho# to measure productivity of an a1uatic

ecosystem5

Primary and secondary productivity

Descrie energy flo# pattern in an ecosystem y using o$pipe model.

Ho# to calculate ecological efficiency.

4+tudy of energy flo# in ecosystems gives a complete understanding of functioning of an ecosystem4

e$plain.Discuss the process of measuring primary productivity in terrestrial and a1uatic ecosystems5

0-question banks - environmental ecology

Documents