Respiratory System Physiology

Lecture 1: IntroductionRespiratory SystemPhysiologyByDr. SHAHAB SHAIKH

PhD MDPHYSIOLOGY LECTURE PRESENTATIONS BY - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

INTRODUCTIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGYEXTERNAL RESPIRATIONINTERNAL RESPIRATIONPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDThe Respiratory SystemUpper Respiratory SysNosePharynx (throat)Lower Respiratory Syslarynx (voice box)Trachea (windpipe)Bronchi Lungs

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDRespiratory functionsThe respiratory system provides oxygen for metabolism in the tissues.The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide, the waste product of metabolism.Functions of Resp SysPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDNon Respiratory Functionsfacilitates sense of smell.produces speech.maintains acid-base balance.maintains body water levels.maintains heat balance.Filtration / DefenceSecretion of ACEMetabolic functions

Functions of Resp SysPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDUpper Resp Sys The Resp Passage

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDExtent: Anterior nares to NasopharynxLinings: Ciliated MucosaSinuses Draining into the Nose:FrontalMaxillarySphenoidalEthmoidalThe NosePhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDFunctions:Filters the air of foreign particles like dust, bacteria, etc. Warms the air to body temperature Humidifies the air Organ of smell (Olfactory receptors located in the nasal mucosaAids in phonationThe NosePhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDServes as a passageway and entrance to the respiratory and digestive tractsThree Parts:Nasopharynx behind nose soft palate, adenoids and eustachian tube Oropharynx from soft palate to base of tongue palatine tonsilsLaryngopharynx base of tongue to esophagus bifurcation of larynx and esophagus Pharynx

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDLOCATION: at the upper end of the trachea, just below the pharynxFunctions:Voice production: during expiration, air passing through the larynx cause the vocal cords to vibrateServes as a passageway for air and as the entrance to the lower respiratory tractStructure:Thyroid cartilage: largest (Adams apple) Epiglottis Cricoid Vocal CordLARYNXPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDThe larynx opens into the trachea or the windpipe. The trachea is a tube approximately 12 centimeters in length and 2.5 centimeters wide. The trachea is kept open by rings of C shaped cartilage within its walls. Similar to the nasal passages, the trachea is covered with a ciliated mucous membrane. Usually the cilia move mucus and trapped foreign matter to the pharynx. TRACHEAPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEAPhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDThe air passage between Trachea and Alveoli divides 23 times to form the Tracheo-Bronchial tree.The first 16 generations upto the Terminal Bronchiole forms the Conducting ZoneThe 17th to the 23rd Generations starting with the Respiratory Bronchiole form the Respiratory Zone

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE15TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDTRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREEFunctions of conducting zone of airways:Provides low resistance pathway for airflow; Resistance is physiologically regulated.Defends against microbes, toxic chemicals, and other foreign Matters.Warms and moistens the air.Helps in Phonation.

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDTRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREEControl of Bronchiolar Diameter:NervousSympathetic 2 receptors DilateParasympatheticAcetylcholine ConstrictHumoralHistamine, acetylcholine ConstrictAdrenergic ( agonists) DilatePhysiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

ALVEOLI AND THE LUNG TISSUEThe alveoli are the microscopic blood vessel-lined sacks in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDALVEOLI AND THE LUNG TISSUE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MDThank You

PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE PRESENTATIONS BY - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD