STATE OF ISRAEL

1

Trends in the Development of

the Water Sector in Israel

Trends in the Development of Trends in the Development of

the Water Sector in Israelthe Water Sector in Israel

Regional Conference on Advancing Non-Conventional Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean

Athens 14-15.9.2011

Oded Fixler Oded Fixler –– Deputy Director General (Engineering)Deputy Director General (Engineering)

Israel Water AuthorityIsrael Water Authority

STATE OF ISRAEL

CCHALLENGESHALLENGES

STATE OF ISRAEL

In the Middle East it is a In the Middle East it is a

well known reality!well known reality!

Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2025Water Availability: 2025Sub-national Water Availability: 2003

©2005 Cola-Cola Company. All rights Reserved

Extreme Scarcity

<500

Scarcity

500-1,000

Stress

1,000-1,700

Adequate

1,700-4,000

Abundant

4,000-10,000

Surplus

>10,000

Ocean/

Inland Water

No Data

m3/person/year

STATE OF ISRAEL

5

The Water CrisisThe Water Crisis

STATE OF ISRAEL

6

The Water CrisisThe Water Crisis

STATE OF ISRAEL

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Recharge from RainfallRecharge from Rainfall

along years: 1975along years: 1975--2011 2011 MCM

AVERGE: 1,336 MCM , MEDIAN: 1202, STD: 456 MCM

Min. : 710 MCM Max. : 2,929 MCM

MEDIAN

1,202 MCM

8

Amounts of precipitation relativeAmounts of precipitation relative

to average (from 09/2010 to 05/2011)to average (from 09/2010 to 05/2011)

Amount above average

Amount lower than average

100%100%

105%105%100%100%

75%75%

80%80%

80%80%

75%75%80%80%

65%65%

STATE OF ISRAEL

9

Israel goes "fromIsrael goes "from RedRed toto BlackBlack""

Upper red level: -208.80

Lower red level: -213.00October 4th 2010 : -213.70

Black line: -214.87

The rate of water depletion from the Kinneret and

underground water reservoirs is alarming :

Red line = below this water level damage to the water source

Black line = below this water level irreparable damage

STATE OF ISRAEL

10

Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee) Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)

Water level 2004 Water level 2004 –– 20112011

-215.50

-215.00

-214.50

-214.00

-213.50

-213.00

-212.50

-212.00

-211.50

-211.00

-210.50

-210.00

-209.50

-209.00

-208.50

-208.00

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ס לפ

מ)

רט

מ(

שנה

- 214.87

01.10.11- 213.65

Lake W

ate

r le

vel (m

)

Year

STATE OF ISRAEL

11

Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee) Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)

Monthly Water level in the last four years Monthly Water level in the last four years

Black level

Lake W

ate

r le

vel

(m)

Month

STATE OF ISRAEL

12

Average total natural enrichment – 1.170 billion m3/annum

Water demand – more than 2 billion m3/annum

Current potable water demand < 1.2 billion m3/annum

Forecast for water demand 2020 ~ 1.7 billion m3/annum

WATER WATER

RESOURCESRESOURCESWATER WATER

DEMANDDEMAND

13

Water balance Water balance –– 20102010--2014 2014 (MCM)(MCM)

STATE OF ISRAEL

14

םיילוש

588.5מלמ "ק

תואלקח

1,126.6מלמ "ק

)58%(

היישעת

113.8מלמ"ק

)6%(

תיב

737.4מלמ "ק

)38%(

םיריפש

519.3מלמ "ק

AgricultureAgriculture

1,170 MCM1,170 MCM

6060 % %

IndustryIndustry

88 MCM88 MCM

4.54.5 % %

DomesticDomestic

693 MCM693 MCM

35.535.5 % %

PotablePotable

557 MCM557 MCM

RecyclingRecycling

613 MCM613 MCM

Water Consumption in Israel Water Consumption in Israel According to sectorsAccording to sectors

Estimated data for 2011Estimated data for 2011

Supply to PA – 52 MCM; Supply to Jordan – 48 MCM

Total: 1,966 MCM

(including 15 MCM for Nature)

STATE OF ISRAEL

15

Domestic Water ConsumptionDomestic Water ConsumptionPer capita / annumPer capita / annum

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

ק"מ

למ

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

m^

3/p

ers

on

/year

תיבל הכירצ 621 672 682 662 658 688 698 712 715 737 768 758 684 685 693

ב הכירצ יוניש% 8 2 -3 -1 5 1 2 0 3 4 -1 -10 0 1

שפנל הכירצ 105 111 110 104 101 104 103 104 102 104 106 103 91 90 89

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2010

אל

יפוס

הכרעה

2011

Domestic Con.

Change

Per Capita

2010Not

final

2011

Estim.

MC

M

95

90

85

M3/p

er

cap

ita/y

ea

r

STATE OF ISRAEL

ssOLUTIONSOLUTIONS

STATE OF ISRAEL

17

DecisionsDecisions

In order to prevent irreversible damage to the water

Sources, the Government of Israel made several

decisions for the short and long term :

Water demand restraint :Water demand restraint :

� Comprehensive nation-wide media campaign calling

citizens to save water, entitled “From Red to Black” and

“Israel is drying”.

� Supervision & enforcement

� Graded water tariffs

� Water allocation and cutbacks for agricultural sector

and public gardening

STATE OF ISRAEL

18

DecisionsDecisions

Water supply increaseWater supply increase ::

� Drilling (including water sources monitoring);

� Treatment of underground polluted water sources;

� Development of new water sources :

desalinated seawater, desalinated brackish water,

treatment of wastewater.

STATE OF ISRAEL

19

Main Water Supply SystemMain Water Supply System

National carrier - length section

Jerusalem

Haifa

Tel Aviv

Sea of Galilee

Sea of Galilee

Eshkol reservoir

108”

National carrier

108”

(Kinneret)

Eshkol reservoir

Saphir station

STATE OF ISRAEL

20

127

(100)

Hadera

Palmachim

Ashdod

Ashkelon

Mekorot Develop.

Production ~2013

Full production

Since 12/05

Production 12/09

Sorek

(150)Full production

Since 9/07

Under

Construction ~2013

120

45

Sea Water DesalinationSea Water Desalination

Completed facilitiesCompleted facilitiesAshkelon Ashkelon --BOT 105 MCM/Y (VID) + 15 exp.BOT 105 MCM/Y (VID) + 15 exp.Palmachim Palmachim --BOO 30 MCM/Y (Via Maris) + 15 exp.BOO 30 MCM/Y (Via Maris) + 15 exp.HaderaHadera-- BOT 100 MCM/Y (HBOT 100 MCM/Y (H22ID) + 27 exp.ID) + 27 exp.

BiddingBiddingAshdod Ashdod –– 100 MCM/Y (TK Mekorot)100 MCM/Y (TK Mekorot)

In accordance with the Government decisions since 2001

large scale seawater desalination facilities are being built:

Overall until 2013 = 600 MCM/YUntil 2020 = 750 MCM/Y

Under ConstructionUnder ConstructionSorek Sorek –– 150 MCM/Y (SDL)150 MCM/Y (SDL)

Another 50 MCM facility in planningAnother 50 MCM facility in planning

Enlargement of production from the existing Enlargement of production from the existing plants (60plants (60--100 MCM/Y) 100 MCM/Y) –– in bidding process.in bidding process.

STATE OF ISRAEL

21

Ashkelon SWROAshkelon SWRO

22

PalmachimPalmachim SWROSWRO

23

Hadera SWROHadera SWRO

STATE OF ISRAEL

24

SWRO CostsSWRO Costs

SorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelon

1501501501501501501501501271271271271271271271274545454545454545120120120120120120120120MCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/Year

202020202020202020202020202020203030303030303030--------40404040404040402020202020202020Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity -------- PPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPM

0.540.540.540.540.540.540.540.540.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.81Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost –––––––– $$$$$$$$(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)

STATE OF ISRAELExceptional Cost Efficiency of Exceptional Cost Efficiency of

IsraelIsrael’’s Desalination Facilitiess Desalination Facilities

26

SWRO facilities connection SWRO facilities connection --

Revolution in the National System operation Revolution in the National System operation

The 5th Line to Jerusalem

Cule

Neora

Sorek

Hafetz Haim

Ashdod

Western

Line

Barkai

Horashim

Hadera

Western

Line

Ashkelon

27

STATE OF ISRAEL

28

Reuse of All Reuse of All

Sewage EffluentsSewage Effluents� Reuse of 500 MCM/Y in 2014 (370 today).

� Sewage effluents for Agriculture – 50% of allocations in 2014.

� Tertiary treatment – unrestricted irrigation. New stringent standards

for effluents quality (37 parameters).

� Nutrients and Salt Removal.

� Methods of agricultural cultivation in Israel are constantly modernized

and innovated.

� Israel became an international leader in developing water saving

technology in agriculture.

STATE OF ISRAEL

29

של חברת מקורות בישראל

ה ג ל י

ל

מליון קו ב 7

בר כת ר ם בניאס

מאגר

יוס יפון כפר ג לעדי

קרית שמונה

לן גו

הת

מר

מאגר עינן

תחנת

מאגר עינןמאגר דלתון

מיליון קו ב 2.5

ראש

פינה

צפת

נהריה

תחנת

ספיר

מאגר דמון

תחנת כור סי

ם ע

רפ

שו כע

קרי ות כרמיאל

בר כות שפרעם תחנת צלמון

טברי ה גולני

נצרת 140+

לן גו

הת

מר

מאגר אשכ ול

חי פ ה

ת ר

נ כ

עפולה

תחנת האון

מיצר

מים ל ירדן

ב ית זרע ' ברסכר דגניה

תחנת

דגניה

אןש

ת בי

ידעיה ' ברשמשית ' תח

הרי אפרים

הש

מנת

הרמנ

מאגר תשלובת

ק" מלמ12הקישון

אורן חדרה כפר ב רו ר

מחול ה

תחנת חוף ה כרמל

על ת המים הפתוחה ת

האחז יות

שומרו ן שומרו ן

קול חי

נתני

ה

תחנת ראש

העין

תחנ

ת

נוה

ירק

האחז ויות שומרו ן

מחנה חו רו ן

צומת תפוח

שיל ה

אריאלבק

עת

הי

רדן

מעלה

אפרי

ם

ת ל אביב

יפ ו

תחנת

ויסות

T.T.A

צ"ראשל

מפעל

ן"השפד

ת"פ

חול ון

בת

ים

תחנת

טל ' תח

' תחדניאל

אחיס

מך

' תח

לטרון

מאגר

איילון

' בר

פדיה

ירו ש לי ם

' תח

חולד ה

' תח

אורי ה .כ

' תח

שואב ה

' תח

הל ר

' תחדוד' תח

כס לון

' תח

חול

דה

גוש

עציון

' תח

גבעו

ת

7עגו ר ' תח

קרית גת

שי י ל

שו ק

ב נג

ל"

70

םבי

שמו

ם מי

בית

לח ם

קלי ה

מצפה

של ם

קרית

ארבע

חב רון

אשקל ון

ח ל

מ ה

ם

י

בי ר עמ

ן קו

ר י

קו

מאגר

נהורה

בר

ספיח

' בר

אחוזי ם

אמציה

גל און

' בר

מחצבה

צומת זוהר נגה ' בר

שמחה ' תח

' ברמאגר מפסח

תקומה

' ב' א

באר שבע

דימונה

ירו חם

ה נ ג ב

לוציפר ' ותח' בר

שו קת' בר

תפוח

' ותח' בר

יעלים

ערד

' בר

ערד

חמי

זוה ר

מי שתיה

למלונות ים

' תחהמלח

נבטים

מאגר ל ב

הנגב בר

ערעור

' תח

אברה ם

' בר

מבטחים ' בר

צאלים

מאגר

צאלים

באר ' בר

שבע

ניצנה ' קד

) מליח ים (

למי ם ' קד

מליחי ם

' תח

חלוצ ה

' ותח' בר

רבי בי ם

משאב

י שדה

' תח

סדום

' קד

אפעה

' קד

מכתש

קטן למי ם

מליחי ם

נאות

הכי כר

' בר

שבט ה בו קר שדה

שד ה ' בר

בוק ר

אורו ן ' ברעידן

עין יה ב

צופר

מצפה

רמון

הר ח ריף

פארן

פארן ' קד ' תח' בר

פארן' בר

ציחור

' בר

סיי רי ם

צוקי ' בר

עובדה

יטבתה

' תח

נחושתן

סב חה

מתקן

התפלת מים

מליחי ם

לאילת

ם מי

ם חי

לימ

ה ברע

גרופית

קטור ה

מפעל נחלי מנשה לתפיסת מי

שטפונות

והחדרת ם למי

תהום

אלמוג ' תח

' ותח' בר

גרנות

באר

אורה

מערכת המים מערכת המים הא רצ י ת הא רצ י ת

מפת מ פעלי המ ים

מקרא

המוביל הארצי

קו מים

-מים להשקייה לשתיה

מים מליחיםקולחין

ישובים

מאגר מים שפירים

בריכות מים שפירים

תחנת שאיבה מים

תחנת מים מושביםשפירים

מאגר מים מושבים

בריכות מים מושבים

מתקן התפלה

קדוחי מים מליחיםאי ל ת

חי ר מז

ן קו

ר י קו

ל בי

מוה

צי רא

ה

נתניה

' בר

שיזפו ן יהל

' ותח' בר

שיטה

מפעל זמר

' תח

מאגר

נשר

Reuse of all sewage effluents in Dan Region (Greater Tel Aviv)

Wastewater Treatment plant (Shafdan) and the pipeline to Negev

Sewage from the Greater Tel Aviv area – 125 MCM/Y (2010)

Large-scale WWTP – secondary treatment quality

Six infiltration fields

Over 150 production and monitoring wells (quality permitted for

“occasional drinking)

90km pipeline to Negev

32 pumping stations, operational storages (0.51MCM) and

seasonal storages (17.2 MCM)

National

Water

Greed

STATE OF ISRAEL

30

Infiltration site Sorek 2

Infiltration site Yavne 4

Azrikam

Training areas, Givati

and Beit Ezra

Mifal Halatz

Gat east

plant

Nir Hen area

and Zohar

Lachish plant

Kibbutz

Ruhama

Tekuma plant

Pithat Shalom plant

Ashkelon

Ashdod

Beer Sheba

Dvir

Lahav

Zephat waste

water utilization

Carmiel waste water utilization

Western extension

Kefar Tabor

area

Taanach

orchards

Kefar Baruch reservoir

Hadera waste water

Ayalon-Latrun

waste water utilization

Safria orchards area

Nesher reservoir

waste water utilization

Hefetz Haim plant

Zohar lake

Main conduit for waste water

Geulat Hayarkon plant

Tel Aviv

Ashdod

Ashkelon

Hadera

Afula

Acre

Adulam areaAshdod waste water – south extension

Kishon concern

WastewaterWastewater

Treatment PlantsTreatment Plants

Dan WastewaterDan Wastewater

Treatment FacilityTreatment Facility

(SAT)(SAT)

Reuse of All Reuse of All

Sewage EffluentsSewage Effluents

STATE OF ISRAEL

31

AgricultureAgriculture

Water for agriculture – 1,150 MCM/Y

450-530 MCM/Y – constant quota (potable water)

Water Authority development plans:

• Irrigation with recycled effluents in exchange of potable water quota release;

• Building of irrigation water recycling facilities as a stable water supply

source (replacing potable water quotas which are exposed to frequent

cutbacks);

• Reform in water tariffs for agriculture and graduate replacement of

subsidy through water tariff towards direct subsidy to farmers;

• “Network separation”: high quality potable water at appropriate tariff;

• Brackish water suitable for irrigation at low tariff.

STATE OF ISRAEL

Water Saving in AgricultureWater Saving in Agriculture

2.02

1.000.98

1.15

1.381.43

1.31

1.47 1.56

1.661.64

1.551.59

1.911.98

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Source: Israel Farmer’s Federation

Production per Water Unit

STATE OF ISRAEL

33

Irrigation facilities Irrigation facilities –– reuse of effluentsreuse of effluents

Maayan ZviMaayan Zvi

Hof CarmelHof Carmel

NitzanimNitzanim

““MeiMei”” GolanGolan

NitzanimNitzanim

STATE OF ISRAEL

34

DrillingsDrillings

STATE OF ISRAEL

35

Brackish Water DesalinationBrackish Water Desalination

AtlitAtlit

Maagan Maagan

MichaelMichael

Emek Emek

HarodHarod

Neve Neve

YamYam

Naaman Naaman

KordaniKordani

Mate Mate

AsherAsher

גרנות גרנות

ShizafonShizafon

Neve Neve

ZoharZohar

KetziotKetziot

LahatLahat GatGat

Rotem planeRotem plane

HalatzHalatzNegbaNegba

Brackish water desalination facilities Brackish water desalination facilities –– 50 MCM/Y50 MCM/Y

GranotGranot

• Private sector

• Mekorot Co.

STATE OF ISRAEL

36

BWRO BWRO -- Mekorot Co.Mekorot Co.

KtziotKtziot

GranotGranot

Neve ZoharNeve Zohar

STATE OF ISRAEL

37

Water Sector developmentWater Sector development

Development programs based on long term Master

plan taking into consideration the population growth

rate and its distribution and the rate of growth in

consumption:

• Increased living standards

• Water for nature utilization

• Agricultural distribution and water consumption

• Political arrangements

STATE OF ISRAEL

Water is a matter of Water is a matter of

deedsdeeds, ,

not not wordswords!!

STATE OF ISRAEL

39

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* 2006 2007 2008 2009

1 Jenin 2 2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.2 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.7 -0.4

2Nablus &

Salfit1.9 1.6 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.7 6.6 3.1

3Hebron &

Bethlehem11.7 1 12.7 13.9 14.7 14.8 15.1 14.9 15.2 16.2 15.8 19.7 19.8 19.7 20.9 8.2

4 Ramalah 7.2 0.5 7.7 8.9 10.5 11.6 12.2 12.8 13.6 14.4 13.9 14.4 15.2 17.0 16.2 8.5

5Jordan

Valley5.07 0 5.07 4.7 5.9 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.7 6.9 6.1 1.1

6 Total 27.9 3.1 31.0 32.9 37.2 37.3 38.6 39.1 40.1 43.6 42.8 46.4 48.9 51.8 51.5 20.5

Notes:

Actual Quantity Supplied to the Palestinian Authority in the West BankTotal

Obligat

ion

1. Gaza Strip – Israel has undertaken to supply 5 MCM/yr from the Israeli system, a quantity that will originate from desalination in Israel. For this

purpose Israel has laid a water supply line extending up to the border with the Gaza Strip, although works on the Palestinian side have not been

completed. At present Israel supplies 5 MCM/yr, as per the previous commitment.

In addition, Israel has handed over to the Palestinians (in the framework of disengagement) 25 water wells and an advanced water supply

system.

Regionsn.

accord

ing to

the

agree

ment +

1995

basis

for

incre-

ment

2. Jenin – Israel's obligation was to drill an additional well supplying 1.4 MCM/yr. The well, Jenin 4, is indeed yielding the above quantity and is

being operated by the Palestinians. It is therefore not presented in the table.

* In 2005, in the framework of disengagement from Gaza, Israel handed over to the Palestinians the three Dotan wells, producing about 2

MCM/yr. As of that year, this quantity of water is not taken into account in the framework of supply by Mekorot.

Supplied

in 2009, in

addition to

Israeli

obligation

Water Supply by Israel Water Supply by Israel

to the Palestinian Authorityto the Palestinian Authority

Obligation vs. Implementation (MCM)Obligation vs. Implementation (MCM)

STATE OF ISRAEL

40

Total Quantity of Fresh Water per Capita

on Multiannual Average

in Countries Bordering Israel

949

861

732

172153

1050

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000m

3Lebanon

Syria

IsraelJordan

Palestinians

Egypt

CM

STATE OF ISRAELSharing Israeli Experience & KnowledgeSharing Israeli Experience & Knowledge

Capacity Building – Professional Courses on Desalination and Water

Reclamation for Jordanian and Palestinian water managers

STATE OF ISRAEL

In fact, Israel supplies 51.8MCM/Year directly to the PWA

in the West Bank which is

20.8 MCM/year more than the

commitment

The total Israeli commitment to supply water directly to the

PWA in the West Bank stands at 31 MCM/year (3.1

additional water supplied under the agreement + 27.9 supplied at the time of signing the agreement).

approx. half of the approved

wells were not yet drilled or

operated by the Palestinian side

Israel authorized the drilling of 70wells with an estimated extraction

capacity of more than 50 MCM/year

An additional 17 MCM/year from new wells to be drilled by

Palestinians in the eastern aquifer and other agreed sources.7b2

The well has been drilledIsrael authorized the drillingAn additional 2.1 MCM/year to the Nablus area (new well)7b1

Israel installed the pipeline up

to the Gaza Strip borderAn additional 5 MCM/year to the Gaza Strip7a6

Israel drilled “Jenin 2” (1.4MCM/year) for Palestinian

operation

An additional 1.4 MCM/year to the Jenin area7a5

An addition of 4.8 MCM/year

was providedAn additional 1.6 MCM/year to the Salfit and Nablus area7a3,4

An addition of 9.8 MCM/year

was providedAn additional 0.5 MCM/year to the Ramallah area7a2

An addition of 8 MCM/year was

provided

An additional 1 MCM/year to the Hebron and Bethlehem

area.7a1

by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle

40Clause

Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment

In fact, Israel supplies 51.8MCM/Year directly to the PWA

in the West Bank which is

20.8 MCM/year more than the

commitment

The total Israeli commitment to supply water directly to the

PWA in the West Bank stands at 31 MCM/year (3.1

additional water supplied under the agreement + 27.9 supplied at the time of signing the agreement).

approx. half of the approved

wells were not yet drilled or

operated by the Palestinian side

Israel authorized the drilling of 70wells with an estimated extraction

capacity of more than 50 MCM/year

An additional 17 MCM/year from new wells to be drilled by

Palestinians in the eastern aquifer and other agreed sources.7b2

The well has been drilledIsrael authorized the drillingAn additional 2.1 MCM/year to the Nablus area (new well)7b1

Israel installed the pipeline up

to the Gaza Strip borderAn additional 5 MCM/year to the Gaza Strip7a6

Israel drilled “Jenin 2” (1.4MCM/year) for Palestinian

operation

An additional 1.4 MCM/year to the Jenin area7a5

An addition of 4.8 MCM/year

was providedAn additional 1.6 MCM/year to the Salfit and Nablus area7a3,4

An addition of 9.8 MCM/year

was providedAn additional 0.5 MCM/year to the Ramallah area7a2

An addition of 8 MCM/year was

provided

An additional 1 MCM/year to the Hebron and Bethlehem

area.7a1

by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle

40Clause

Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment

Water Agreement – Obligation vs. Implementation

(Major Commitments)

STATE OF ISRAEL

Additional amount of water made available for the Palestinians:

23.9 MCM/year supplied directly by Israel (20.8+3.1)

3.5 MCM/year by authorized wells- Jenin, Nablus

50 MCM/year estimated yield of 70 authorized wells

Total: 77.4 MCM/year

It was agreed that a quantity of 28.6 MCM/year shall be added

to the Palestinians for the interim period

(In addition to the 118 MCM/year which was consumed by the

Palestinians at the signing of the agreement).

6-7

Most of the Palestinian

sewage is not treated.

Out of 52 MCM of

Palestinian sewage - 4 MCM

is treated in the West Bank,

14 MCM is treated in Israel

and 34 MCM is not treated

at all and therefore polluting

the environment.

Most of the sewage from

Israeli settlements is treated at

least at the secondary level

and Israel is working to

upgrade and expand the

systems

Prevention of pollution by wastewater

“Treating, reusing or properly disposing of all

domestic, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage”

3(f.)

There are more than 250Palestinian illegal drillings

mainly in the Northern West

Bank

No illegal drillingsPrevention of illegal drillingsSched.

8

1(b)

by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle

40

Clause

Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment

Additional amount of water made available for the Palestinians:

23.9 MCM/year supplied directly by Israel (20.8+3.1)

3.5 MCM/year by authorized wells- Jenin, Nablus

50 MCM/year estimated yield of 70 authorized wells

Total: 77.4 MCM/year

It was agreed that a quantity of 28.6 MCM/year shall be added

to the Palestinians for the interim period

(In addition to the 118 MCM/year which was consumed by the

Palestinians at the signing of the agreement).

6-7

Most of the Palestinian

sewage is not treated.

Out of 52 MCM of

Palestinian sewage - 4 MCM

is treated in the West Bank,

14 MCM is treated in Israel

and 34 MCM is not treated

at all and therefore polluting

the environment.

Most of the sewage from

Israeli settlements is treated at

least at the secondary level

and Israel is working to

upgrade and expand the

systems

Prevention of pollution by wastewater

“Treating, reusing or properly disposing of all

domestic, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage”

3(f.)

There are more than 250Palestinian illegal drillings

mainly in the Northern West

Bank

No illegal drillingsPrevention of illegal drillingsSched.

8

1(b)

by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle

40

Clause

Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment

STATE OF ISRAEL

Wells Approved by the JWC for Drilling by the Palestinians since the Agreement

Drinking Water (59 Wells)

Agriculture (11 Wells)

Observation (22 Wells)

Purpose of Wells

STATE OF ISRAEL

Unauthorized Wells

About 146 of the total 250

unapproved wells are shown. The

existence of the others is known,

but they are not indicated since

their exact coordinates are

missing.

STATE OF ISRAEL

RResolving problems in the spirit of cooperation and good esolving problems in the spirit of cooperation and good

neighboring, and not hiding failures in pointless accusations.neighboring, and not hiding failures in pointless accusations.

HHonoring bilateral agreements and donors efforts and finance for onoring bilateral agreements and donors efforts and finance for

stabilizing the water sector.stabilizing the water sector.

IImplementing the vital water and wastewater treatment projects mplementing the vital water and wastewater treatment projects

and enforce uncompromisingly illegal acts.and enforce uncompromisingly illegal acts.

SStrengthening technical cooperation.trengthening technical cooperation.

AActing towards clean environment: sewage treatment and effluents cting towards clean environment: sewage treatment and effluents

reuse.reuse.

TTaking actions for building administrative and economic structureaking actions for building administrative and economic structures s

to prevent funds lose and water spend. to prevent funds lose and water spend.

Paving the path to Paving the path to

regional solutions regional solutions

STATE OF ISRAEL

Waterfront is a platform Waterfront is a platform

for for cooperationcooperation, ,

not not confrontationconfrontation!!

STATE OF ISRAEL

THANK YOU

49

The Extent of Water ShortageThe Extent of Water Shortage

50

Volumes of KinneretVolumes of Kinneret’’s available water/years available water/year

MC

M

2009-2010

2008-2009

2007-2008

1993-2010 Average

1993-2010 Median

2006-2007

MC

M

STATE OF ISRAEL

51

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

הנש

ק"מ

למ

תואלקח

ינוריע

היישעת

ףונו עבט

הס" לארשי כ) םיריפשםילפתומו םייעבט(

הס" לארשי כ)םיריפש,ןיחלוקו םיחילמ(

הס" לארשי םיריפש כ+םיאניטסלפו םינדרי

Year

MC

M

Agriculture

City

Industry

Nature

Israel – potable, brackish

and desalinated

Israel – potable, brackish

and waste

Israel – potable + neighbors

Demand in present decadeDemand in present decade

52

The Mountain Aquifer The Mountain Aquifer

Israel and Israel and Palestinian AuthorityPalestinian Authority

STATE OF ISRAEL

53

The Water Crisis The Water Crisis

The Water crisis has reached a peak

today because of global changes in

climate – in Israel like in Australia,

California, Spain, etc.

STATE OF ISRAEL

54

The Water Crisis in Israel The Water Crisis in Israel

�2008-2009 natural enrichment – 820 MCM versus

average natural enrichment – 1,170 MCM/Y

According to our projections in the next 5 years it will

be not probable to reach a level above the “red lines”

for all Israel's water reservoirs

Lake KinneretLake Kinneret

STATE OF ISRAEL

55

56

SWRO Process DiagramSWRO Process Diagram

57

The MembraneThe Membrane