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FOX Multiservice Access Platform (R8)

1KHW002056 page 2 of 42 ABB

Glossary FOX Multiservice Access Platform

FOX / UCST Platform Release R8

Release History: Release 7B: February 2007Release 8B: Dezember 2008Release 8C: August 2009

Dezember 2009

Copyright and Confidentiality: All rights of this document remain with ABB Ltd (ABB). This documentcontains confidential information which is the property of ABB. It must beheld in confidence by the recipient and may not be used for any purposesexcept those specifically authorised by contract or otherwise in writing byABB. This document may not be copied in whole or in part, or any of itscontents disclosed by the recipient to any third party, without the prior writtenagreement of ABB.

Copyright 2009 ABB. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer: ABB has taken reasonable care in compiling this document, however ABBaccepts no liability whatsoever for any error or omission in the informationcontained herein and gives no other warranty or undertaking as to itsaccuracy.

ABB reserves the right to amend this document at any time without priornotice.

Document number: 1KHW002056

ABB Ltd

Power Systems

Bruggerstrasse 72

5400 Baden Switzerland

ABB Switzerland Ltd, 2009

The right to modifications or deviations due to technical progress is reserved.


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Glossary FOX Multiservice Access Platform (R8)


1 Glossary Abbreviat ions Meaning Exp lanations

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer The standards layer that allows multiple applications to have data converted toand from the ATM cell. A protocol used that translates higher layer servicesinto the size and format of an ATM cell.

AAL-1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1 AAL functions in support of constant bit rate, time-dependent traffic such asvoice and video.

AAL-2 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 This AAL is still undefined by the International Standards bodies. It is a place-

holder for variable bit rate video transmission.

AAL-3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3/4 AAL functions in support of variable bit rate, delay-tolerant data traffic requiringsome sequencing and/or error detection support. Originally two AAL types, i.e.connection-oriented and connectionless, which have been combined.

AAL-5 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5 AAL functions in support of variable bit rate, delay-tolerant connection-orienteddata traffic requiring minimal sequencing or error detection support.

ABR Area Border Router Router that connects the backbone network with another area. They maintainrouting tables of both areas.

ABR Available Bit Rate ABR is an ATM layer service category for which the limiting ATM layer transfercharacteristics provided by the network may change subsequent to connectionestablishment.

A flow control mechanism is specified which supports several types of feed-back to control the source rate in response to changing ATM layer transfercharacteristics. It is expected that an end-system that adapts its traffic inaccordance with the feedback will experience a low cell loss ratio and obtain afair share of the available bandwidth according to a network specific allocationpolicy.Cell delay variation is not controlled in this service, although admitted cells arenot delayed unnecessarily.

ABUS FOX internal bus for the cross connection of ATM traffic (VCC, VPC). TheABUS is physically identical with the SBUS.The first unit configured (ABUS, SBUS unit) defines the signal structure of thebus.

AC Alternate Current

AC Active Closed State of the working contact if the relay is actively driven.

ACONV ABUS unit for the FOX with access to the ABUS and PBUS (totally up to 16 2Mbit/s). The ACONV provides services as follows:

- CES 2 Mbit/s (up to 16 CES 2 Mbit/s for unstructured traffic signals). TheP12 interface (PBUS) provides the same features as the P12 of the LOMIF.

- IMA (up to 14 IMA UNIs). IMA-1 is a high capacity network IMA, IMA-2 14are IMA interfaces with reduced performance.

ACR Allowed Cell Rate An ABR service parameter, ACR is the current rate in cells/sec at which asource is allowed to send.

ADACA The ADACA is an ABUS unit for the FOX with 16 ADSL line interfaces andaccess to the ABUS for ATM traffic. The ADAC transports bi-directional ATMtraffic (32 8064 kbit/s upstream and 32 1024 kbit/s downstream) via its 2-wire ADSL interfaces. The ADACA operates with ADSL ATM modems at theremote side and is optimised for the interoperation with POTS splitters.

ADACB The ADACB provides the same basic features as the ADACA but is optimisedfor the interoperation with ISDN-BA splitters at the remote side.

ADM Add-Drop-Multiplexer Multiplexer which adds and drops traffic signals for local use to and from the

aggregate signal.


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FOX Multiservice Access Platform (R8) Glossary

ABB page 7 of 42 1KHW002056

Abbreviat ions Meaning Explanations

ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse CodeModulation

A reduced bit rate variant of PCM audio encoding (see also PCM). This algo-rithm encodes the difference between an actual audio sample amplitude and apredicted amplitude and adapts the resolution based on recent differential

values.

ADSL Asymmetrical bit-rate DSL The speed of the up- and down-stream transmission can be different.

AFI Authority and Format Identifier The first part of the IDP of an OSI (NSAP) address that specifies the type (andthe responsible authority) of the address (second part: IDI).

AG Access Gateway The AG is a Media Gateway type. The AG supports line side interfaces, e.g.for analogue or ISDN phones.

AGC Automatic Gain Control Signal level is automatically adapted to compensate attenuation of the linelength or conditions.

AIS Alarm Indication Signal An all ones signal sent down or up stream by a device when it detects an errorcondition or receives an error condition or receives an error notification fromanother unit in the transmission path.

A-law The ITU standard for analogue to digital audio data conversion using PCMcoding and companding. The A-Law technique is used throughout Europe andhas a more constant signal-to-quantizing noise ratio than its North Americancounterpart, u-Law.

ALCAR Alarm unit with 24 binary inputs, 4 command outputs and 4 ports for serialcommunication.

ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown Mechanism to switch of the Laser in TX direction for security reason.

AN Access Network Any system (distributed or monolithic) between the LE and the user

ANSI American National StandardsInstitute

A U.S. standards body.

AO Active Open State of the working relay contact if the relay is actively driven.

APDSWApdsw

Application Download SoftWare FOX software which loads the ESW from the MIB of the NE to the units.

API Application Program Interface API is a programmatic interface used for interprogram communications or forinterfacing between protocol layers.

APS Automatic Protection Switching Protects section or trails/paths in the network by switching traffic to a protect-ing section / trail in case of failure of the active section/trail.

ARD Automatic Ring Down Mode of the SUBLA. The SUBLA in the ARD mode provides a locally timedsequence of ringing signals.

ARP Address Resolution Protocol The procedures and messages in a communications protocol which deter-mines which physical network address (MAC) corresponds to the IP address inthe packet.

AS Autonomous System OSPF expression: Entity of systems that use a common routing strategy andare managed by a common administration.

ASBR Autonomous System BoundaryRouter

ABR located between an OSPF AS and a non-OSPF network. They must runboth routing protocols.

ASD Acceleration Spectral Density

ASP Abstract Service Primitive An implementation-independent description of an interaction between a ser-vice-user and a service-provider at a particular service boundary, as definedby Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).

ASP Application Server Process An application server is a logical entity serving a specific application instancefor e.g. handling the Q.931 messages and call processing for D-channels. The

ASP is part of the softswitch.

Asynchronous TimeDivision Multiplex-ing

Asynchronous Time DivisionMultiplexing

A multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized in apriori unassigned time slots. The time slots are assigned to cells upon requestof each application's instantaneous real need.

AT Available Time Starts with 10 consecutive ESs (included in AT) and ends with 10 consecutiveSESs (not included in AT)

ATIOP ABUS unit for the FOX with an optical STM-1 interface. The ATIOP provides a

UNI for the transmission of ATM cells via an optical STM-1 signal.


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Abbreviat ions Meaning Exp lanations

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode A transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells. It is asynchro-nous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from anindividual user is not necessarily periodic.

ATM allows the transmission of virtually any traffic data (and speed) by meansof standardised data packets via the network.Example of an ATM product: FOX with the UCST & FOXMAN-UN R6.

ATM Traffic De-scriptor

ATM Traffic Descriptor A generic list of traffic parameters that can be used to capture the intrinsictraffic characteristics of a requested ATM connection.

ATM User-UserConnection

ATM User-User Connection An association established by the ATM Layer to support communication be-tween two or more ATM service users (i.e., between two or more next higherentities or between two or more ATM-entities).The communications over an ATM Layer connection may be either bi-directional or unidirectional. The same Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) issuedfor both directions of a connection at an interface.

ATU Asynchronous Transfer Unit ATU is a third party product used for the concentration of management ac-cess.

AUG-n Administrative Unit Group, level

n

Level of the SDH multiplexing structure.

AU-n Administrative Unit, level n Level of the SDH multiplexing structure.

AUXP AUXiliary Pattern Bit pattern 1010 used for the signalling of particular PRA conditions.

AWG American Wire Gauge Wire diameter unit used in USA

BA Basic-Rate Access 2B + D ISDN channel (2 x 64kbit/s + 16 kbit/s). Same meaning as ISDN-BRA.

BATMO BATtery MOdule Installation set to implement an external battery pack for power backup withthe POSUA unit (FOX 512). The BATMO does not include the batteries.

BBE Background Block Error

BBER Background Block Error Ratio

B-channel Bearer channel 64 kbit/s channel for voice or data

BDR Backup Designated Router See DR.BECN Backward Explicit Congestion

NotificationA Resource Management (RM) cell type generated by the network or thedestination, indicating congestion or approaching congestion for traffic flowingin the direction opposite that of the BECN cell.

BER Bit Error Rate A measure of transmission quality. It is generally shown as a negative expo-nent, (e.g., 10-7 which means 1 out of 1E+7 bits are in error or 1 out of10,000,000 bits are in error).

BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts Conventionally, the capacity of a telephone switching system is measured bythe maximum number of call attempts per hour (during busy hour of the day)that can be handled by the system.This measure is referred to as BHCA.

BICC Bearer Independent Call Control BICC is an adaptation of the narrow-band ISUP protocol for use in a bearerand message transport independent environment. In NGN, BICC is used asthe signalling protocol between softswitches.

BIP Bit Interleaved Parity Measurement method for detecting errors occurring in a digital signal

BIP Bit Interleaved Parity A method used at the PHY layer to monitor the error performance of the link. Acheck bit or word is sent in the link overhead covering the previous block orframe. Bit errors in the payload will be detected and may be reported as main-tenance information.

BIS Border Intermediate System.

B-ISDN Broadband ISDN A high-speed network standard (above 1.544 Mbps) that evolved NarrowbandISDN with existing and new services with voice, data and video in the samenetwork.

BN Bridge Number A locally administered bridge ID used in Source Route Bridging to uniquelyidentify a route between two LANs.

BOM Beginning of Message An indicator contained in the first cell of an ATM segmented packet.A logical node that is in a specified peer group, and has at least one link thatcrosses the peer group boundary.


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BORSCHT Battery feed, Over-voltage pro-tection, Ringing injection, Super-vision, Codec, Hybrid, and Test-

ing

Common explanation of PSTN functions.

BP Basic Package Basic feature package of the FOX Network Element Manager

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit A message type used by bridges to exchange management and control infor-mation.

BR Border Router OSPF expression: Router that connects an OSPF area to the backbone(area).

B-RAS Broadband Remote AccessServer

Common Internet access point for many clients for various services. The B-RAS is located between the Internet and a regional access network.

BRI Basic Rate Interface ISDN interface

Broadband Broadband A service or system requiring transmission channels capable of supportingrates greater than the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) primary rate.

Broadband Access Broadband Access An ISDN access capable of supporting one or more broadband services.

Broadcast Broadcast Data transmission to all addresses or functions.

BT Burst Tolerance BT applies to ATM connections supporting VBR services and is the limit pa-rameter of the GCRA.

B-TE Broadband Terminal Equipment An equipment category for B-ISDN which includes terminal adapters andterminals.

BW Bandwidth A numerical measurement of throughput of a system or network.

CA Carrier Adapter PSTN Signalling mode for interworking between the Access Network andexchange.

CAC Connection Admission Control: Connection Admission Control is defined as the set of actions taken by thenetwork during the call setup phase (or during call re-negotiation phase) inorder to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or shouldbe rejected (or whether a request for re-allocation can be accommodated).

Call Call A call is an association between two or more users or between a user and anetwork entity that is established by the use of network capabilities. This asso-ciation may have zero or more connections.

CAP Carrier-less Amplitude Phase(Modulation)

Modulation method specially adapted for the data transmission via copperpairs in PSTN networks. CAP allows e.g. the transmission of 1168 kbit/s withina bandwidth of 278 kHz.

CAS Channel Associated Signalling The signalling information for each TS in the frame is transmitted in a dedi-cated TS and is synchronised to the frame.

CBR Constant Bit Rate An ATM service category which supports a constant or guaranteed rate totransport services such as video or voice as well as circuit emulation whichrequires rigorous timing control and performance parameters.

CCD Clear Channel Data 64 kbit/s channel for data transmission. No encoding.

CCM Customer Configuration Man-

agement

Database with data on equipment and customer configuration allows you to

identification and trace materials

CCR Customer Configuration Regis-tration

Registration of data for the CCM database

CCR Current Cell Rate The Current Cell Rate is an RM-cell field set by the source to its current ACRwhen it generates a forward RM-cell. This field may be used to facilitate thecalculation of ER, and may not be changed by network elements. CCR isformatted as a rate.

CCS Common Channel Signalling A form signalling in which a group of circuits share a signalling channel. Referto SS7.

CDF Cutoff Decrease Factor CDF controls the decrease in ACR (Allowed Cell Rate) associated with CRM.

CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Mem-ory

Used by a computer to store large amounts of data. Commonly used for inter-active video games.


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CDV Cell Delay Variation CDV is a component of cell transfer delay, induced by buffering and cellscheduling. Peak-to-peak CDV is a QoS delay parameter associated with CBRand VBR services.

The peak-to- peak CDV is the ((1-a) quantile of the CTD) minus the fixed CTDthat could be experienced by any delivered cell on a connection during theentire connection holding time. The parameter "a" is the probability of a cellarriving late. See CDVT.

CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance ATM layer functions may alter the traffic characteristics of ATM connections byintroducing Cell Delay Variation. When cells from two or more ATM connec-tions are multiplexed, cells of a given ATM connection may be delayed whilecells of another ATM connection are being inserted at the output of the multi-plexer. Similarly, some cells may be delayed while physical layer overhead orOAM cells are inserted.Consequently, some randomness may affect the inter-arrival time betweenconsecutive cells of a connection as monitored at the UNI. The upper boundon the "clumping" measure is the CDVT.

CE Connection Endpoint A terminator at one end of a layer connection within a SAP.

CEI Connection Endpoint Identifier Identifier of a CE that can be used to identify the connection at a SAP.

Cell Cell A unit of transmission in ATM. A fixed-size frame consisting of a 5-octetheader and a 48-octet payload.

Cell Header Cell Header ATM Layer protocol control information.

CENCA Control unit for the legacy FOX -U/M/-U, containing the cross connect matrixand control and monitor functionality for all the other UBUS Units.

CER Cell Error Ratio The ratio of errored cells in a transmission in relation to the total cells sent in atransmission. The measurement is taken over a time interval and is desirableto be measured on an in-service circuit.

CES Circuit Emulation Service The ATM Forum circuit emulation service interoperability specification speci-fies interoperability agreements for supporting Constant Bit Rate (CBR) trafficover ATM networks that comply with the other ATM Forum interoperabilityagreements. Specifically, this specification supports emulation of existing TDMcircuits over ATM networks.

cfg configuration Extension used for configuration data files (filename.cfg) created with theUCST.

CIF Cells in Frames Cells In Frames is a protocol established by the CIF Alliance which specifieshow to transport ATM protocol over Ethernet, Token Ring and other frameprotocols. CIF uses software at the workstation instead of a new hardwareNetwork Interface Card to do QOS scheduling and ABR flow control.

CL Connectionless Service A service which allows the transfer of information among service subscriberswithout the need for end-to- end establishment procedures.

CLI Calling Line Identification Used in PSTN application to show the calling number in the display of thecalled telephone set. Is an inband transmission using DTMF or FSK. Trans-mission takes place in the ringing pause.

CLIP Calling Line Identification Proto-col

Used in PSTN application to show the calling number in the display of thecalled telephone set. Is an inband transmission using DTMF or FSK. Trans-mission takes place in the ringing pause.

CLK CLocK (Internal) Timing signal.

CLNP ConnectionLess Network Proto-col

Protocol for the data transfer in the OSI world (equivalent to TCP/IP in the IPworld).

CLP Cell Loss Priority This bit in the ATM cell header indicates two levels of priority for ATM cells.CLP=0 cells are higher priority than CLP=1 cells. CLP=1 cells may be dis-carded during periods of congestion to preserve the CLR of CLP=0 cells.

CLR Cell Loss Ratio CLR is a negotiated QoS parameter and acceptable values are network spe-cific. The objective is to minimize CLR provided the end-system adapts thetraffic to the changing ATM layer transfer characteristics. The Cell Loss Ratiois defined for a connection as: Lost Cells/Total Transmitted Cells. The CLRparameter is the value of CLR that the network agrees to offer as an objectiveover the lifetime of the connection. It is expressed as an order of magnitude,

having a range of 10-1 to 10-15 and unspecified.


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CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate The ratio of cells received at an endpoint that were not originally transmitted bythe source end in relation to the total number of cells properly transmitted.

C-n Container, level n Level of the SDH multiplexing structure. Often the hierarchy type (European=2, American =1) is amended to n.

CNG Comfort Noise Generation Complementary to the transmit-side VAD, a comfort noise generator (CNG) isa receive-side device. A CNG generates a local noise signal that it presents tothe listener during silent periods.

COBU Generic term for the COBUX and COBUV control units of the FOX. The unitsprovide central system control, synchronisation and feature the MIB for theNE, including the ESW for units with SWDL. The control units fit slots 11 and12 (redundant unit only).

COBUL Control unit for the FOX 512/515. The COBUL provides access to 4 x 2 Mbit/sfor the UBUS and 128 x 2 Mbit/s for the PBUS) but provides no SDH, no voice,no ECC, no conference or diagnostic functions.

COBUQ Control unit for the FOX 515 providing reduced functionality compared toCOBU (no ECC, no conference or diagnostic functions, access capacity

limited to 4 x 2 Mbit/s for the UBUS and 32 x 2 Mbit/s for the PBUS).With the former UCST 3.3a/1:

COBUV Control unit for the FOX 512/515. The same features as the COBUX but withadditional conference functions for 64 kbit/s traffic data.

COBUX Control unit for the FOX 512/515. The unit features serial, Ethernet andPDH/SDH ECC access for management communication and Diagnostic func-tions for traffic data channels. The COBUX provides capacity for 2 times 4 x 2Mbit/s UBUS and 128 x 2 Mbit/s PBUS accesses.

COD Connection Oriented Data Data requiring sequential delivery of its component PDUs to assure correctfunctioning of its supported application, (e.g., voice or video).

COLT Legacy name of the xDSL lineterminal equipment

(COpper Line Terminal)

xDSL line terminal equipment provides data transmission via copper pairs andoptical fibres. xDSL equipment is available as units for subrack operation or asdesktop units (e.g. MUSIC 100).The functions and units are available for the FOX multiservice access system.

COLT soho Legacy name of the MUSIC 100. The MUSIC 100 is a desktop unit with Ethernet interfaces and bridge/routerfunctionality. MUSIC 100 uses xDSL transmission via copper pairs at theaggregate side.

COM COMmon Common contact for the working relay contacts (AO, AC).

Connection Connection An ATM connection consists of concatenation of ATM Layer links in order toprovide an end-to-end information transfer capability to access points.

Connection Connection In switched virtual connection (SVC) environments the LAN Emulation Man-agement entities set up connections between each other using UNI signalling.

Connectionless Connectionless Refers to ability of existing LANs to send data without previously establishingconnections.

CoS Class of Service Tagging system on Ethernet frames which allows to differentiate class ofservices. IEEE 802.1p

CPCS Common Part ConvergenceSublayer

The portion of the convergence sublayer of an AAL that remains the sameregardless of the traffic type.

CPCS-SDU Common Part ConvergenceSublayer-Service Data Unit

Protocol data unit to be delivered to the receiving AAL layer by the destinationCP convergence sublayer.

CPE Customers Premises Equipment End user equipment that resides on the customer's premise which may not beowned by the local exchange carrier.

CPS Customer Parameter Set Used in V5 applications to define the custom specific parameters of the V5interface.

CPS Customer Parameter Set CPS allows defining custom specific functions and parameters for V5, NGNand ATM-IAD (LES) applications.

CPU Central Processing Unit


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CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check A mathematical algorithm that computes a numerical value based on the bitsin a block of data. This number is transmitted with the data and the receiveruses this information and the same algorithm to insure the accurate delivery of

data by comparing the results of algorithm and the number received. If a mis-match occurs, an error in transmission is presumed.

CRC4 Cyclic Redundancy Check The cyclic redundancy check uses a 4thorder polynomial.

CRF Cell Relay Function This is the basic function that an ATM network performs in order to provide acell relay service to ATM end-stations.

CRF Connection Related Function A term used by Traffic Management to reference a point in a network or anetwork element where per connection functions are occurring. This is thepoint where policing at the VCC or VPC level may occur.

CRM Cell Rate Margin This is a measure of the difference between the effective bandwidth allocationand the allocation for sustainable rate in cells per second.

CRS Cell Relay Service A carrier service which supports the receipt and transmission of ATM cellsbetween end users in compliance with ATM standards and implementationspecifications.

CS Convergence Sublayer The general procedures and functions that convert between ATM and non-ATM formats. This describes the functions of the upper half of the AAL layer.This is also used to describe the conversion functions between non-ATMprotocols such as frame relay or SMDS and ATM protocols above the AALlayer.

CS2000 Communication Server 2000 ABB Media Gateway Controller

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Detection

Protocol used in IEEE 802.3 LANs.

CSMACD Eth Ethernet path interface (traffic layer) on the unit level which is used (FOXMAN-UN NP) for the LAN-side of Ethernet ports (NEBRO, LAWA4, SYN4E etc.).

CSU Channel Service Unit An interface for digital leased lines which performs loopback testing and lineconditioning.

csv Comma Separated Variables Extension used for files (filename.csv) containing data suitable for processingin tables (e.g. table calculation systems, formatting for printing etc.).

CTC Common Transmit Clock Synchronisation mode used with IMA for NEs with IMA interfaces.See also ITC.

CTD Cell Transfer Delay This is defined as the elapsed time between a cell exit event at the measure-ment point 1 (e.g., at the source UNI) and the corresponding cell entry event atmeasurement point 2 (e.g., the destination UNI) for a particular connection.The cell transfer delay between two measurement points is the sum of the totalinter-ATM node transmission delay and the total ATM node processing delay.

CTP Connection Termination Point The Adaptation based on G.805

CU Control Unit

CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplex-ing

Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing combines up to 16 wavelengths onto asingle fibre. CWDM technology uses an ITU standard 20nm spacing betweenthe wavelengths, from 1310nm to 1610nm.

DA Destination Address Information sent in the forward direction indicating the address of the calledstation or customer.

DA Destination MAC Address A six octet value uniquely identifying an endpoint and which is sent in IEEELAN frame headers to indicate frame destination.

DAS D-channel ISDN: 64 kbit/s channel carrying the D-channel, the Alarm-bit and the Servicebits.

Data Connections Data Connections Data VCCs connect the LECs to each other and to the Broadcast and Un-known Server. These carry Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 or IEEE 802.5 data frames aswell as flush messages.

DATA DATAS supports all interfaces (multiprotocol) and all network functions.DATA5 unit supports all interfaces (multiprotocol) but no network functions.Single protocol unit versions are available which support only one interfacetype of the DATAS and DATA5 basic functionality


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DATAS Versatile data unit with 4 high and low speed serial data interfaces and a10BASE-T/100 Base-TX Ethernet LAN interface. The DATAS supports theserial interfaces V.35, X.24/V.11, V.24/V.28, RS-485 with PM and subrate

multiplexing for rates < 64 kbit/s. The V.35 and X.24/V.11 interfaces supportthe P12 modes terminated, transparent and clock master.

DB DataBase

DC Direct Current

DCC Data Communication Network

DCC Data Country Code This specifies the country in which an address is registered. The codes aregiven in ISO 3166. The length of this field is two octets. The digits of the datacountry code are encoded in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) syntax. The codeswill be left justified and padded on the right with the hexadecimal value "F" tofill the two octets.

DCE Data Communication Equipment A generic definition of computing equipment that attaches to a network via aDTE.

D-channel Data channel 16 kbit/s channel for signalling or data

DCN Data Communication Network General term for communication networks. Often used in the meaning of MCN.

DEGM DEGraded Monitoring period Threshold [bad sec] for errors with "bursty" error distribution.

DEGTHR DEGraded THReshold Threshold [bad blocks] for errors with "bursty" error distribution.

Demultiplexing Demultiplexing A function performed by a layer entity that identifies and separates SDUs froma single connection to more than one connection.

DES Destination End Station An ATM termination point which is the destination for ATM messages of aconnection and is used as a reference point for ABR services. See SES.

DHCP Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol

The DHCP allows the following process: The host looks for a DHCP serverand gets a temporary IP address from the server if WINS is enabled.

Different Configura-tion

Different Configuration FOXMAN-UN: State of a FOX if the FOXMAN-UN database and the NE havedifferent configurations. FOXMAN-UN R5C updates its database automati-

cally.DISC DISConnect Command of OSI user network

DLPI UNIX International, Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI) Specification: Revision2.0.0, OSI Work Group, August 1991.

DMT Discrete Multitone Discrete multitone is a method of separating a Digital Subscriber Line signalso that the usable frequency range is separated into 256 frequency bands (orchannels) of 4.3125 kHz each. Within each channel, modulation uses quad-ratude amplitude modulation. By varying the number of bits per symbol withina channel, the modem can be rate-adaptive. Both G.DMT and G.lite use DMT.

DNU Do Not Use

Domain Refer to Administrative Domain.

DR Designated Router OSPF router that generates LSAs for a multicast network and has other spe-cial functions in running OSPF

DS Digital Section(Access Digital Section)

DSCP Differentiated Service CodePoint

In DiffServ (IP), traffic is divided into a small number of forwarding classes,and resources are allocated on a per-class basis. The traffic is classified witha DSCP. In each node, there are different queues for each forwarding class.

DSL Digital Subscriber Loop Describes the digital transmission via the (analogue telephone) subscriberloop. DSL is used in countless variations such as:- ADSL Asymmetrical bit-rate DSL- HDSL High bit rate DSL- SDSL Symmetrical DSL- MSDSL Multi-rate Symmetrical DSL- LMSDSL Low speed Multi-rate SDSL- etc.to closer indicate the particularity of the DSL transmission.


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DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line AccessMultiplexer

DSP Domain Specific Part The second (of two) basic parts of an OSI (NSAP) address (first part: IDP).The DSP consists of the High Order DSP, the SID and the SEL.

DSP Digital Signal Processor Digital component especially suitable for processing of traffic signals in thedigital domain.

DSS1 Digital Subscriber SignallingSystem #1

N-ISDN UNI Signalling

DSS2 DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signal-ling System #2

B-ISDN UNI Signalling

DSU Data Service Unit Equipment used to attach users' computing equipment to a public network.

DTE Data Terminal Equipment A generic definition of external networking interface equipment such as amodem.

DTM DeskTop Modular Refer to LR DTM.

DTMF Dual Tone Multi FrequencyDU Dial-Up

DUN Dial-Up Networking package Windows software for serial the implementation of communication networks.

DUPI4 Dual Power Interface 4 The DUPI4 allows dual power supply of the FOX 515 subrack. The DUPI4 ismechanically and electrically integrated with the FOX 515 subrack (DUPI4 isfor use with the FOX 515 subrack R2 only).

DXC Digital Cross Connect Switch fabric for the cross connection of signals, here 2 Mbit/s and n x 64kbit/s signals

E Erlang A measurement of occupancy ([E], but actually without unit). International unitof average traffic on a facility during a period of time (usually a busy hour)

E0 Electrical interface signal 64 kbit/s

E0 Unit functional layer and FOXMAN-UN

E0-nc E0 n times concatenated

E1 Also known as CEPT1, the 2.048 Mbit/s rate used by European CEPT carrierto transmit 30 64 kbit/s digital channels for voice or data calls, plus a 64 kbit/ssignalling channel and a 64 kbit/s channel for framing and maintenance.


E-12 Short form for the first level of the European PDH hierarchy (= 2 Mbit/s).


E3 Also known as CEPT3, the 34.368 Mbit/s rate used by European CEPT carrierto transmit 16 CEPT1s plus overhead.



EA Element Agent FOXMAN-UN functional block that serves a set of NEs.

EA Element Agent The element agents of the UCST are sets of parameters which define theUCST access to a set of NEs.

EB Errored Block A block of data with one or more bit errors.

EBR Errored Block Ratio

ECC Embedded CommunicationChannel

System integrated data channel for the management communication of theFOX.

EDC Error Detection Code Bit errors in a signal are detectable by checking the signal's associated ErrorDetection Code (EDC). An example of the EDC is the SDH BIP-N (Bit Inter-leaved Parity) and P12 CRC-4.


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Edge Device Edge Device A physical device which is capable of forwarding packets between legacyinterworking interfaces (e.g., Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.) and ATM interfacesbased on data-link and network layer information but which does not partici-

pate in the running of any network layer routing protocol. An Edge Deviceobtains forwarding descriptions using the route distribution protocol.

E-DSL Unit functional layer and FOXMAN-UNxDSL section interface

EF Envelope Function

EF Addr Envelope Function Address 13 bit number (for ISDN) which uniquely references a user port within a V5interface

EFCI Explicit Forward CongestionIndication

EFCI is an indication in the ATM cell header. A network element in an impend-ing-congested state or a congested state may set EFCI so that this indicationmay be examined by the destination end-system. For example, the end- sys-tem may use this indication to implement a protocol that adaptively lowers thecell rate of the connection during congestion or impending congestion. Anetwork element that is not in a congestion state or an impending congestionstate will not modify the value of this indication. Impending congestion is the

state when a network equipment is operating around i ts engineered capacitylevel.

EFS Error Free Seconds A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems, usuallyexpressed as EFS per hour, day, or week. This method gives a better indica-tion of the distribution of bit errors than a simple bit error rate (BER). Also referto SES.

ELAN Emulated Local Area Network A logical network initiated by using the mechanisms defined by LAN Emula-tion. This could include ATM and legacy attached end stations.

EM Element Manager Managing tool for NEs:UCST and the EM part of FOXMAN-UN

EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility

EMI Electromagnetic Interference Equipment used in high speed data systems, including ATM, that generateand transmit many signals in the radio frequency portion of the electromag-

netic spectrum. Interference to other equipment or radio services may result ifsufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures ortransmission media. National and international regulatory agencies (FCC,CISPR, etc.) set limits for these emissions. Class A is for industrial use andClass B is for residential use.

EML Element Management Layer An abstraction of the functions provided by systems that manage each net-work element on an individual basis.

EMS Element Manager System High performance managing tool for the management of NEs and networks ofNEs:FOXMAN-UN, featuring networking functions and a graphical network over-view.

EN European Norm

End Station End Station These devices (e.g., hosts or PCs) enable the communication between ATMend stations and end stations on "legacy" LAN or among ATM end stations.

EOC Embedded Operation Channel Independent data channel based on SIFOX and F-interfaces for managementcommunication of legacy FOX.

EOM End of Message An indicator used in the AAL that identifies the last ATM cell containing infor-mation from a data packet that has been segmented.

EoS Ethernet over SDH Set of protocols allowing to transport Ethernet frames over SDH networks.

EOW Engineering Order Wire Voice channel using overhead bits in a transmission system. Commonly usedfor service communication between different stations.

EPROM Erasable Programmable ReadOnly Memory

ER End Router OSPF expression: Router that terminates a virtual link in the remote area.


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ER Explicit Rate The Explicit Rate is an RM-cell field used to limit the source ACR to a specificvalue. It is initially set by the source to a requested rate (such as PCR). It maybe subsequently reduced by any network element in the path to a value that

the element can sustain. ER is formatted as a rate.

ES Errored Second Second with one or more EBs

ES Electrical Section The section between two electrical STM-1 interfaces.

ES End System System that terminates the OSI protocol.

ES End System A system where an ATM connection is terminated or initiated. An originatingend system initiates the ATM connection, and terminating end system termi-nates the ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.

ESD Electrostatic Discharge

ESI Equipment Synchronisation Input Inputs on the COBU for 2 MHz timing signals.

ES-IS End System-Intermediate Sys-tem

OSI routing protocol running between L1 and L2.

ESM PSTN Signalling mode for interworking between AN and Ericsson exchange.ESO Equipment Synchronisation

OutputOutputs on COBU for 2 MHz timing signals.

ESR Errored Seconds Ratio

ESW Embedded SoftWare The ESW is the downloadable software for the FOX units with softwaredownload. Sometimes the ESW is called the unit SW.

ET Elapsed Time Duration of measurement interval.

ET Exchange Terminal

ETHUB Ethernet HUB Ethernet switch with 5 10BaseT / 100BaseTX Ethernet interfaces. Fits to theFOX subracks but has no bus access.

ETS European TelecommunicationStandard

ETSI European TelecommunicationStandards Institute

The primary telecommunications standards organization.

EXBAT UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (4B3T coding) to the ISDN exchange.

EXLA Exchange Line Analogue UBUS unit with 12 POTS interfaces to the PSTN interface of the exchange.

EXLIC UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (2B1Q coding) to ISDN exchange.

F Local Management Interface for FOX NEs

F15 F-interface of the FOX 512/515.

Fairness Fairness As related to Generic Flow Control (GFC), fairness is defined as meeting allthe agreed quality of service (QOS) requirements, by controlling the order ofservice for all active connections.

FANU2 FAN Unit 2 Integrated fan unit for the FOX 512 subrack. The FANU2 is mandatory for

horizontal operation of the FOX 512.FANU5 Fan Unit 5 The FANU5 is a 19-inch fan unit for the FOX 515 which allows for up to 512

Watt of heat dissipation in the FOX 515 subrack (This power capacity is avail-able with the FOX 515 subrack R2)

FANUV FAN Unit 19-inch fan unit with 3 fans for rack installation. The FANUV is used with theFOX 515 in conjunction with heat deflection shields.

FAS Frame Alignment Signal

FC Feedback Control Feedback controls are defined as the set of actions taken by the network andby the end-systems to regulate the traffic submitted on ATM connectionsaccording to the state of network elements.

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface A 100 Mbps Local Area Network standard that was developed by ANSI that isdesigned to work on fiber-optic cables, using techniques similar to token-ring.

FE Front End Used to locate loops, performance evaluation etc. of traffic signals.


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FEBE Far End Block Error

FEBE Far End Block Error A maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead that a bit error(s) hasbeen detected at the PHY layer at the far end of the link. This is used to moni-tor bit error performance of the link.

FEC Forward Error Correction A technique for detection and correction of errors in a digital data stream.

FIB Forwarding Information Base List of link states after applying SPF algorithm in OSI routing elements.

Flush Protocol Flush Protocol The flush protocol is provided to ensure the correct order of delivery of unicastdata frames.

FM MOA Fault Manager - Managed ObjectAgent

The FOXMAN-UN software component representing the northbound interfaceto ABB Preside for fault management

FO Foreign Object Foreign Object is the representation in the FOXMAN-UN database of an ex-ternal equipment that FOXMAN-UN supports only for fault management.

FOP Failure Of Protocol Failure of the protocol in the protecting channel which controls the MSP(SYNIO).

Foreign Address Foreign Address An address that does not match any of a given node's summary addresses.Forwarding De-scription

Forwarding Description The resolved mapping of an MPOA Target to a set of parameters used to setup an ATM connection on which to forward packets.

FR Frame Relay

FRAD FRame Assembler Disassembler

FRS Frame-Relay Service A connection oriented service that is capable of carrying up to 4096 bytes perframe.

FRTT Fixed Round-Trip Time This is the sum of the fixed and propagation delays from the source to thefurthest destination and back.

FSK Frequency Shift Keying FSK is a modulation technique used by modems in which two different fre-quencies in the carrier signal are used to represent the binary states of 0 and1.

FSP Frame Synchronisation Pulse Timing signal of the PBUS that indicates the start of a frame

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FW Firmware

GARP General Attribute RegistrationProtocol

Used by switches and end stations in a bridged LAN to register and de-registerattribute values, such as VLAN Identifiers, with each other, in order to form areachability tree that is a subset of an active topology.

GbE Gigabit Ethernet Version of Ethernet, which supports data transfer rates of 1 Gigabit per sec-ond. IEEE 802.3z

GCAC Generic Connection AdmissionControl

This is a process to determine if a link has potentially enough resources tosupport a connection.

GCRA Generic Cell Rate Algorithm The GCRA is used to define conformance with respect to the traffic contract ofthe connection. For each cell arrival the GCRA determines whether the cellconforms to the traffic contract. The UPC function may implement the GCRA,or one or more equivalent algorithms to enforce conformance. The GCRA isdefined with two parameters: the Increment (I) and the Limit (L).

GECOD G.703 CODirectional UBUS unit for 8 full duplex 64 kbit/s channels according to ITU-T G.703.

GFC Generic Flow Control GFC is a field in the ATM header which can be used to provide local functions(e.g., flow control). It has local significance only and the value encoded in thefield is not carried end-to-end.

GFP Generic Framing Procedure Framing used for Ethernet over SDH (or other protocols). Allows frame deli-neation, etc. ITU-T G.7041

GND GrouND Ground or zero volt potential of the power supply.

GSM Global System for Mobile appli-cations

GSM-R Global System for Mobile appli-

cations with Railways


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GUI Graphical User Interface Mainly used in the context of FOXMAN-UN

GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Proto-col

Switches connected through 802.1Q trunk ports use GVRP to exchange in-formation in order to dynamically create and manage VLA.

GWF GleichWellenFunk The GWF application requires a phase locked relationship between the sentand the received frames (MEGIF 272).

H.248 Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG) are two impor-tant elements in NGN. The H.248 / MEGACO protocol is used for MGC to MG(IPSMG) communication.

H-Channel H-Channel H-Channels are ISDN bearer services that have pre-defined speeds, startingand stopping locations on a PRI and are contiguously transported from onePRI site through networks to another PRI site.

HDLC High Level Data Link Control An ITU-TSS link layer protocol standard for point-to-point and multi-pointcommunications.

HDSL High speed DSL

Header Header Protocol control information located at the beginning of a protocol data unit.

HEC Header Error Control Using the fifth octet in the ATM cell header, ATM equipment may check for anerror and corrects the contents of the header. The check character is calcu-lated using a CRC algorithm allowing a single bit error in the header to becorrected or multiple errors to be detected.

Hello Packet Hello Packet A type of PNNI Routing packet that is exchanged between neighbouring logi-cal nodes.

HIRAC FOX HDSL modem with 5 interfaces for the digital transmission of up to 1024kbit/s over copper pairs to the AM64/-type remote modems.

HLM Higher Level Manager

HRL High Return Loss

HU Height Unit Corresponds to 44.45 mm. Basic measure used with the 19-inch constructionpractice.

HW Hardware

HWY Highway UBUS or PBUS Highway

I/F Interface

IAD Integrated Access Device Used for remote access devices with integrated modem (ADSL) and multipleservice access capabilities such as PSTN, ISDN and data services.

IANA Internet Address NumberingAuthority

IC-channel Internal Communication channel FOX internal communication channel

ICMP Internet Control Message Proto-col

Integrated part of the IP suite, used to announce network errors or networkcongestion and for some network management commands e.g. ping.

ICN Internal Communication Network FOX internal communication structure.

ICR Initial Cell Rate An ABR service parameter, in cells/sec. A source should send initially andafter an idle period at that rate.

IDId

Identifier Used together with a type of identifier (Customer Id, User Id, Node Id etc.)

IDI Initial Domain Identifier Second part of the IDP of an OSI (NSAP) address that specifies the domainand the institution responsible for the address (first part: AFI).

IDP Initial Domain Part The first (of two) basic parts of an OSI (NSAP) address (second part: DSP).The IDP consists of the AFI and IDI.

IDU Interface Data Unit The unit of information transferred to/from the upper layer in a single interac-tion across the SAP. Each IDU contains interface control information and mayalso contain the whole or part of the SDU.

IE Intermediate transmission Equip-ment

U-interface Repeater equipment.

IE Information Element Used in the V5 context for the standardised description of V5 features.


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IEC International ElectrotechnicalCommittee

IEC Inter-exchange Carrier A long distance telephone company.

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Elec-tronic Engineers

A worldwide engineering publishing and standards-making body for the elec-tronics industry.

IFIf

InterFace

IFP Internet Facsimile Protocol Fax data format (control and image) according to ITU-T, T.38.

IGMP Internet Group ManagementProtocol

IGMP is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships toneighbouring multicast routers.

ILMI Integrated Local ManagmentInterface

An ATM Forum defined interim specification for network management func-tions between an end user and a public or private network and between apublic network and a private network. This is based on a limited subset ofSNMP capabilities.

IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM The transmission of ATM traffic (cells) via PDH 2 Mbit/s trunks (Inverse Multi-

plexing for ATM) with traffic policing.There are 2 approved specifications- AF-PHY-0086.000 (V1.0/July 1997)- AF-PHY-0086.001 (V1.1/March 1999)

IOP Interoperability The ability of equipment from different manufacturers (or different implementa-tions) to operate together.

IP Internet Protocol Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking ofdissimilar computers across a network. This protocol works in conjunction withTCP and is usually identified as TCP/IP. A connectionless protocol that oper-ates at the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model.

IPLM1 The IPLM1 provides an IP (Ethernet) DSLAM for the FOX with 24ADSL/ADSL2(+) interfaces per unit and 2 GbE uplinks (1 electrical + 1 optical)to the network. The line interfaces support ADSL over POTS lines (via split-ters) The IPLM1 provides the interworking functions for the termination of the

ATM layer and adaptation of the Ethernet traffic for IP services (Triple Play).The IPLM1 has no access to the FOX internal bus systems for traffic signals.The access is limited to management purposes.

IPLM2 Same functionality as the IPLM1 but 2 electrical GbE uplinks.

IPLM4 Implements the IPLM2 functionality for ADSL over ISDN-BA lines (via splitters)according to annex B.

IPLM6 24 SHDSL ports and principally the same functionalities as IPLM2 but forSHDSL line interfaces.

IPoE IP over Ethernet Classic connection mode between Internet access provider and client.

IPSMG IP Subscriber Media Gateway The New Generation Network (NGN) architecture separates the control, mediaand transport mechanism in the networks. Media Gateway Controller (MGC)and Media Gateways (MG) are two important elements in providing voicedelivery in NGN. The IPSMG unit for FOX provides media conversion and sets

up transport connections, as instructed by the MG. The IPSMG unit is fullycompliant with the media gateway control protocol H.248 / MEGACO. ForISDN transport, the IPSMG supports the SIGTRANS standards.

IRL Input rate limiting IRL can be configured on the IPLM for each VC in order to control thebandwidth usage in upstream direction.

IS Intermediate System Element of the OSI hierarchy.

IS Intermediate System A system that provides forwarding functions or relaying functions or both for aspecific ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.

ISBUQ UBUS unit for the FOX 512/515 and FOX -U/M/-U providing 8 ISDN-BRA userports (2B1Q) for V5.x applications.

ISBUT UBUS unit for the FOX 512/515 and FOX -U/M/-U providing 8 ISDN-BRA userports (4B3T) for V5.x applications.

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Net-

work


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ISDN-BA ISDN - Basic Access Same meaning as ISDN-BRA Capacity: 2B+1D channel

ISDN-BRA ISDN - Basic Rate Access Same meaning as ISDN-BA

ISDN-PRA ISDN - Primary Rate Access Capacity: 30B+1D channel

IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

Layer 3 OSI routing protocol, equivalent to OSPF in IP.

ISO International Organisation forStandardisation

An international organization for standardization, based in Geneva, Switzer-land, that establishes voluntary standards and promotes global trade of 90member countries.

ISP Internet Service Provider

ITC Synchronisation mode used with IMA for NEs with IMA interfaces.See also CTC

ITU-T International TelecommunicationUnion - TelecommunicationStandardisation Sector

ITU-T is an international body of member countries whose task is to definerecommendations and standards relating to the international telecommunica-tions industry. The fundamental standards for ATM have been defined andpublished by the ITU-T (Previously CCITT).

IUA ISDN User Adaptation Signalling adaptation module for the transport of Q.931 signalling between SGand ASP by means of SIGTRAN.

IVL Independent VLAN learning In a bridged VLAN, MAC address learning is performed individually for eachVLAN.

IWF Interworking Function

L1 Level 1 Device that routes traffic within an OSI area

L2 Level 2 Device that routes traffic between OSI areas.

L3 Addr Layer 3 Address 15 bit number (for PSTN) which uniquely references a user port within a V5interface

LACP Link Aggregation Control Proto-col

According to IEEE 802.3ad; used to bundle several physical ports together toform one logical port.

LAN Local Area Network A network designed to move data between stations within a campus.

LANE LAN Emulation The set of services, functional groups and protocols which provide for theemulation of LANS utilizing ATM as a backbone to allow connectivity amongLAN and ATM attached end stations.

LAPD Link Access Procedure D A layer 2 protocol defined by ITU-T. This protocol reliably transfers blocks ofinformation across a single Layer 1 link and supports multiplexing of differentconnections at Layer 2.LAPD according to ITU-T, Q.921 is e.g. used with ISDN BA (D-channbel).

LAWA4 PBUS unit that connects a local area network (LAN) over a 10BaseT interfaceto FOX units with aggregate interfaces.

Layer Entity Layer Entity An active element within a layer.

Layer Function Layer Function A part of the activity of the layer entities.

Layer Service Layer Service A capability of a layer and the layers beneath it that is provided to the upperlayer entities at the boundary between that layer and the next higher layer.

Layer User Data Layer User Data Data transferred between corresponding entities on behalf of the upper layeror layer management entities for which they are providing services.

LB Leaky Bucket Leaky Bucket is the term used as an analogous description of the algorithmused for conformance checking of cell flows from a user or network (SeeGCRA, UPC and NPC). The "leaking hole in the bucket" applies to the sus-tained rate at which cells can be accommodated, while the "bucket depth"applies to the tolerance to cell bursting over a given time period.

LC Link Connection Represents the transmission capacity in UNM NP Model

LCAS Link Capacity AdjustmentScheme

Protocol that allows bandwidth to be added or removed to a Virtual Concate-nated Group (VCG) from the management system. ITU-T G.7042

LE Local Exchange The local exchange provides the analogue telephone and ISDN services.


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LE2Q2 Family of UBUS units with 2 IFs for twisted copper pairs and front or UBUSdata access. The LECA2 family supports xDSL services.The LECA2 uses the 2B1Q line code.

LE2QR Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LE2Q2 (2B1Q). TheLE2QR provides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/sG.703/G.704, X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.Local 48 volt DC or mains powering.

Leaky Bucket Leaky Bucket An informal term for the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm.

LEC Local Exchange Carrier A telephone company affiliate of a Regional Bell Operating Company or anIndependent Telephone Company.

LEC LAN Emulation Client The entity in end systems which performs data forwarding, address resolution,and other control functions.

LECA2 Family of UBUS units with 2 IFs for twisted copper pairs and front or UBUSdata access. The LECA2 family supports xDSL services.LECA2 uses CAP.

LECAB Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LECA2 (CAP). The LECARprovides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/s G.703/G.704,X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.110 240 V mains powering.

LECAF Special unit with 2 xDSL IFs for twisted copper pairs. The LECAF has no busaccess and provides front access for all signals and services. The xDSL IFsare compatible with the LECA2 xDSL IFs.

LECAR Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LECA2 (CAP). The LECARprovides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/s G.703/G.704,X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.Local 48 volt DC or mains powering.

LECID LAN Emulation Client Identifier This identifier, contained in the LAN Emulation header, indicates the ID of theATM host or ATM-LAN bridge. It is unique for every ATM Client.

LECS LAN Emulation Configuration

Server

This implements the policy controlled assignment of individual LE clients to

different emulated LANs by providing the LES ATM addresses.LED Light Emitting Diode

LEMQ6 PBUS unit that concentrates the xDSL IP-packed oriented traffic of its 6 sub-scribers and transfers the traffic to the local 10BaseT front interface or to thePBUS cross connect.The LEMQ6 uses the 2B1Q line code.

LEMU6 PBUS unit that concentrates the xDSL IP-packed oriented traffic of its 6 sub-scribers and transfers the traffic to the local 10BaseT front interface or to thePBUS cross connect.The LEMU6 supports CAP.

LES LAN Emulation Server This implements the control coordination function for the Emulated LAN, ex-amples are enabling a LEC to join an ELAN, resolving MAC to ATM ad-dresses.

LESA8 PBUS unit with 8 DSL IFs and 8 x 2 P12 PBUS access. The LESA8 providesup to 8 DSL services via 1 pair or up to 4 DSL services via 2 pairs. Mixedmodes are possible.The LESA8 supports the 2B1Q, CAP and PAM16 line codes.LESA8 is compatible with the LECAR and MUSIC 200 R1 CPE.

LESI8 Same as LESA8 with differences as follows:The current version supports the CAP and PAM16 line codes.The LESI8 is compatible with the MUSIC 200 R2 and MUSIC 700 CPE family.

LFA Loss of Frame Alignment

Link Connection Link Connection A link connection (e.g., at the VP-level) is a connection capable of transferringinformation transparently across a link without adding any overhead, such ascells for purposes for monitoring. It is delineated by connection points at theboundary of the subnetwork.

Link Constraint Link Constraint A restriction on the use of links for path selection for a specific connection.


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Link Metric Link Metric A link parameter that requires the values of the parameter for all links along agiven path to be combined to determine whether the path is acceptable and/ordesirable for carrying a given connection.

Link State Parame-ter

Link State Parameter Information that captures an aspect or property of a link.

LINTE Telephone line test unit for the FOX -U/-U/M(E). LINTE is no longer supported.

LLC Logical Link Control Sub-protocol at Layer 2 in the OSI model performing framing, flow control anderror correction.

LMSDSL Low speed Multi-rate Symmetri-cal DSL

The following rates are defined for MSDSL:128 / 256 kbit/s.

LOC Loss of Cell Delineation A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHYoverhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost cell delineation.Used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

LODS Link Out of Delay Synchronisa-tion

State of a link within an IMA group which can no longer be synchronised to theother links in the group because of its delay.

LOF Loss of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHYoverhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation.This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

LOMI4 PBUS unit for the FOX with 4 2 Mbit/s interfaces G.703 for transparent orstructured signals. Performance monitoring, protection and diagnostic func-tions are provided. Functionally identical with the LOMIF.

LOMIF PBUS unit for the FOX with 8 2 Mbit/s interfaces G.703 for transparent orstructured signals. Performance monitoring, protection and diagnostic func-tions are provided.

LOP Loss of Pointer A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHYoverhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to thestart of cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHYlayer.

LOS Loss Of Synchronisation

LOS Loss of Signal A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHYoverhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the received signal.This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

LR Line Runner The LineRunner SHDSL is a ABB product family of SHDSL components suitedfor data transmission in copper networks. The LR family has subrack basedequipment for the central office and desktop units for the customer premises.Repeaters allow for SHDSL range extensions and remote powering is sup-ported for remote equipment.

LR DTM LineRunner DeskTop Modular The Line Runner DTM is a desktop unit for the STIC unit with SHDSLtransmission (1 or 2 pairs) and X.24/V.11, V.35, V.24/V.28 interfaces support-ing 1+1 path protection and point to multipoint applications. Remote poweredLR DTM versions are available.

LR SREG LineRunner SHDSL Regenerator Regenerators with remote powering capabilities for the range extension of the

SHDSL loop in applications of STIC, LR DTM.SREG1 supports 1-pair, SREG2 supports 2-pair systems.

LSA Link State Advertisement Packet containing information about each of the links to its neighbours toevery other router.

LSAP Link Service Access Point Logical address of boundary between layer 3 and LLC sublayer 2.

LSB Least Significant Bit The lowest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value.

LSD Link State Database List of link state PDUs received from other routing elements.

LSP Link State Protocol Protocol used with OSPF to update the link state information for the routers.See LSA.

LT Functional group for PRA applications. The LT functional group consists of the2 function blocks LT-U and LT-V3.

LTE Line Terminal Equipment Used for interfaces providing direct termination of the physical transmission

(copper pairs, optical fibres).


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LTP Linear Trail Protection To protect VC-12 Tributaries over two STM-1 paths

LT-U Reference point for PRA applications. LT-U connects the LT to the transmis-sion (network) side.

LT-V3 Reference point for PRA applications. LT-V3 provides the reference point V3for the FOX network (exchange side).

MAC Media Access Control Unique identifier (address) of the COBU used for addressing (QX-interface,NSAP with IP tunnelling)

MAC Media Access Control IEEE specifications for the lower half of the data link layer (layer 2) that definestopology dependent access control protocols for IEEE LAN specifications.

MADT Mean Accumulated Down Time

MAN Metropolitan Area Network A network designed to carry data over an area larger than a campus such asan entire city and its outlying area.

Management Sys-tem

Management System An entity that manages a set of managed systems, which can be either NEs,subnetworks or other management systems.

MAGIC FOX unit with 8 magneto subscriber line interfaces. The MAGIC detects andgenerates the magneto line signalling and provides voice interfaces with E&Msignalling (e.g. for the NEMCA, NEMSG).

MAGI8 Improved substitute for the legacy MAGIC unit.

MAP Multiservice Access Platform All the equipment and software which is managed via UCST and FOXMAN-UN, including UCST and FOXMAN-UN.

MaxCR Maximum Cell Rate This is the maximum capacity usable by connections belonging to the speci-fied service category.

MBS Maximum Burst Size In the signalling message, the Burst Tolerance (BT) is conveyed through theMBS which is coded as a number of cells. The BT together with the SCR andthe GCRA determine the MBS that may be transmitted at the peak rate andstill be in conformance with the GCRA.

MC Matrix Connection Cross Connection in FOX

MC Management Communication

MCAS Mercury CAS Proprietary CAS signalling system supported by the SUBLA and PHLCunits.

MCDV Maximum Cell Delay Variance This is the maximum two-point CDV objective across a link or node for thespecified service category.

MCLR Maximum Cell Loss Ratio This is the maximum ratio of the number of cells that do not make it across thelink or node to the total number of cells arriving at the link or node.

MCN Management CommunicationNetwork

The MCN is the network that transports the management communication ofthe FOX.

MCR Minimum Cell Rate An ABR service traffic descriptor, in cells/sec. The source is always allowed tosend at this rate.

MCTD Maximum Cell Transfer Delay This is the sum of the fixed delay component across the link or node and

MCDV.

MDF Main Distribution Frame

MEGACO Media Gateway Control protocol Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG) are two impor-tant elements in NGN. The H.248 / MEGACO protocol is used for MGC to MG(IPSMG) communication.

MEGIF UBUS unit with 2 2 Mbit/s interfaces according to ITU-T G.703/704.

MFA Multi Frame Alignment Indicates the alignment of the CRC-4 multi-frame of structured 2 Mbit/s trafficsignals.

MG Media Gateway The media gateway (MG) is responsible for the media stream conversion, i.e.the conversion of TDM based voice signals into ATM cells or IP packets andthe signalling protocol conversion. There are three types of MGs: AccessGateway, Trunking Gateway and Residential Gateway.


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MGC Media Gateway Controller The media gateway controller (MGC) manages the connections and containsthe call control functionality. A single MGC can control several MGs. The MGCterminates the H.248/MEGACO protocol. The MGC is part of the softswitch.

MIB Management Information Base NE database which the COBU manages.

MIB Management Information Base A definition of management items for some network component that can beaccessed by a network manager. A MIB includes the names of objects it con-tains and the type of information retained.

MID Message Identifier The message identifier is used to associate ATM cells that carry segmentsfrom the same higher layer packet.

MIR Maximum Information Rate Refer to PCR.

MIRIG Ringing signal generator unit for the SUBL units in the FOX -U/M(E).

MON Monitored Fault reporting option monitored.

MOSPF Multicast OSPF Type 6 of OSPF routing packets.

MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group An ISO Standards group dealing with video and audio compression tech-

niques and mechanisms for multiplexing and synchronizing various mediastreams.

MPOA Multiprotocol over ATM An effort taking place in the ATM Forum to standardize protocols for the pur-pose of running multiple network layer protocols over ATM.

MRTIE Maximum Relative Time IntervalError

This parameter is described in ITU-T G.823 for traffic interfaces and is relevantfor the ACONV adaptive clock mode (resistance to jitter & wander). Wander isalways specified and measured as a Relative Time Interval Error (RTIE) be-tween the signal of interest and some reference clock.

MS Multiplex Section The Multiplex Section Layer allows synchronisation routing information to becarried over the STM-1 signal via the SSM (Synchronisation Status Message).

MSB Most Significant Bit The highest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value.

MS-DOS MicrosoftDisk Operating Sys-tem

Microsoftand MS-DOSare trademarks of Microsoft Corporation USA andworld-wide.

MSDSL Multi-rate Symmetrical DSL The following rates are defined for MSDSL:128 / 256 / 384 / 512 / 768 / 1024 / 1536 / 2048 / 2304 kbit/s. Same rates forup- and downstream.

MSP Multiplex Section Protection Protection of the Multiplex Section e.g. via the 2 optical ports of the SYNIO.

MTBF Mean Time Between Failure

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error This parameter is described in ITU-T G.823 for synchronisation interfaces andis relevant for the ACONV adaptive clock mode (resistance to jitter & wander).Detailed definition of MTIE is provided in ITU-T G.810.

MTTF Mean Time To Failure

MTTR Mean Time To Repair

MTUMtU

Maximum Transmission UnitMaximum Transfer Unit

Media Transfer Unit

Maximum size of a data packet (number of octets) that is allowed for the me-dium (network).

Multiplexing Multiplexing A function within a layer that interleaves the information from multiple connec-tions into one connection.

MUSIC 100 The MUSIC 100 is a desktop unit with Ethernet interfaces and bridge/routerfunctionality. MUSIC 100 uses xDSL transmission via copper pairs at theaggregate side (legacy name of the COLT soho).

MUSIC 200 The MUSIC 200 is a desktop unit and uses xDSL transmission via copperpairs at the aggregate side. The MUSIC 200 provides integrated G.703 inter-face, 2 Mbit/s, 120 ohms and an interface adapter (G.703, 2 Mbit/s , X.21 /V.11 N x 64 kbit/s, V.35 N x 64 kbit/s , V.36/RS449, 10BaseT N x 64 kbit/s).

MUSIC 700 The MUSIC 700 is the generic name of a range of CPE which use G.SHDSLtransmission via copper pairs at the aggregate side. Depending on the type,the units of the MUSIC 700 series provide interfaces for telephone, ISDN andLAN services.


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MUSIC 703 The MUSIC 703has the same basic features as the MUSIC 710but notPOTS interfaces. Instead it features 3 universal serial data interface n x 64kbit/s.

Supported interface types X.21/V.11, V.35 or V.36

MUSIC 710 The MUSIC710is the first desktop unit of the MUSIC 700 series of unitswhich provides interfaces for telephone services including POTS and V5.xuser ports and LAN services via 2 local 10BaseT/100BaseX interfaces.

MUSIC 711 The MUSIC 711has the same features as the MUSIC 710but additionallyfeatures a universal serial data interface n x 64 kbit/s.Supported interface types X.21/V.11, V.35 or V.36

NA Non-urgent Alarm

NAT Network Address Translation

Native Address Native Address An address that matches one of a given node's summary addresses.

NBI North Bound Interface An interface of a management system to a higher level management system

NE Network Element The NE is the basic (manageable) element of the network, normally a FOX

Multi-service Access System or subrack based xDSL equipment.

NE Network Element A system that supports at least NEFs and may also support Operation SystemFunctions/Mediation Functions. An ATM NE may be realized as either a stand-alone device or a geographically distributed system. It cannot be further de-composed into managed elements in the context of a given managementfunction.

NEBRA The NEBRA has the same functionality as the NEBRO but provides all opticalfront interfaces (100 Base-FX and 1000 Base-SX/LX).

NEBRE The NEBRE provides VLAN switching (tagging, traffic priorisation) and bridg-ing (rapid spanning tree protocol) functions for the traffic collected from its10/100 BaseT (electrical) and 100 Base-FX or 1000 Base-SX/LX (optical) frontinterfaces. The NEBRE has no traffic interface with a generic FOX bus.

NEBRO The NEBRO is a SBUS unit which packs the 10/100 BaseT (electrical) and100 Base-FX or 1000 Base-SX/LX (optical) traffic of its front interface into VC-12 and VC-3 groups (virtual concatenation) for the transport via SDH traffic(Ethernet over SDH). The release 2 of NEBRO includes VLAN switching (tag-ging, traffic priorisation) and bridging (rapid spanning tree protocol) functions.

NEF Network Element Function A function within an ATM entity that supports the ATM based network transportservices, (e.g., multiplexing, cross-connection).

Neighbour Node Neighbour Node A node that is directly connected to a particular node via a logical link.

NEL Network Element Layer An abstraction of functions related specifically to the technology, vendor, andthe network resources or network elements that provide basic communicationsservices.

NEM Network Element Manager Tool for the management of NEs and networks of NEs:FOXMAN-UN, featuring networking functions and a graphical network over-view.

NEMCA UBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signal-ling.

NEMGE UBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signal-ling. High signal level inputs.

NEMSG PBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signalling(replaces NEMCA). NEMSG includes additionally circuits for P0-data andvoice traffic (including signalling) conferences (multipoint-to-multipoint, point-to-multipoint).

NEXT Near End Crosstalk Equipment that must concurrently receive on one wire pair and transmit onanother wire pair in the same cable bundle must accommodate NEXT interfer-ence. NEXT is the portion of the transmitted signal that leaks into the receivepair. Since at this point on the link the transmitted signal is at maximum andthe receive signal has been attenuated, it may be difficult to maintain an ac-ceptable ACR with the received signal if the cable media allows large amountsof crosstalk leakage to occur. Foiled or shielded cables generallyhave less

crosstalk than unshielded varieties.


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NGN Next Generation Network The NGN architecture separates the control, media and transport mechanismin the networks. Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG)are two important elements in providing voice delivery in NGN. The IPSMG

unit is the FOX MG for NGN.

NIF Nodal Inter-Working Function Software module at SG that interworks between ISDN and SIGTRAN stacks.

NIM Non Intrusive Monitoring point Configurable monitoring point for SYN4E which allows the signal monitoring inVC containers.

N-ISDN Narrowband Integrated ServicesDigital Network

Services include basic rate interface (2B+D or BRI) and primary rate interface(30B+D Europe and 23B+D North America or PRI). Supports narrowbandspeeds at/or below 1.5 Mbps.

NM Network Management

NMON Not monitored Fault reporting option not monitored

NMS Network Management System An entity that implements functions at the Network Management Layer. It mayalso include Element Management Layer functions. A Network ManagementSystem may manage one or more other Network Management Systems.

NP Networking Package Licensed Option to FOXMAN-UN BP, Trail Manger

Nrm An ABR service parameter, Nrm is the maximum number of cells a sourcemay send for each forward RM-cell.

NSAP Network Service Access Point OSI address according to ISO 8348

NSAP Network Service Access Point OSI generic standard for a network address consisting of 20 octets. ATM hasspecified E.164 for public network addressing and the NSAP address structurefor private network addresses.

NT Functional group for PRA applications. The NT functional group consists of the2 function blocks NT1-U and NT1-T.

NT Network Termination Network Termination represents the termination point of a Virtual Channel,Virtual Path, or Virtual Path/Virtual Channel at the UNI.

NT1-T Reference point for PRA applications. The NT1-T provides the reference point

T for the FOX network.NT1-U Reference point for PRA applications. The NT1-U connects the NT1 to the

transmission (network) side.

NTR Network Timing Reference Used in with end-to-end synchronisation via transmission (e.g. SHDSL).

NTU Network Terminating Unit For example the NTU remote data unit for the SULIS UBUS unit.

nx64K This refers to a circuit bandwidth or speed provided by the aggregation of nx64kbps channels (where n= integer > 1). The 64K or DS0 channel is the basicrate provided by the T Carrier systems.

O&M Operation and Maintenance

O22 8 Mbit/s optical signal.

O22 Unit functional layer and FOXMAN-UNPhysical Medium Section

OAM Operations Administration andMaintenance

A group of network management functions that provide network fault indica-tion, performance information, and data and diagnosis functions.

Octet Octet A term for eight (8) bits that is sometimes used interchangeably with byte tomean the same thing.

ODI Remote Defect Indication Lower Order Path Overhead. Indicates to the far end that TU-AIS has beeninserted at the TC-sink into the egressing TU-n.

ODI Outgoing Defect Indication In combination with TC

OEI Outgoing Error Indication Lower Order Path Overhead. Indicates errored blocks of egressing VC-n

OEI Outgoing Error Indication

ONP Open Network Provision ETSI specification (ETSI TBR12) for 2 Mbit/s leased lines of public networksthat are synchronised by private network operators.

OODBMS Object Oriented Data BaseManagement System A database from Versant


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OOF Out Of Frame Refer to LOF.

ORL Output rate limiting ORL can be configured on the IPLM for each ATM port and for each physi-cal Ethernet port in order to control the bandwidth usage in downstream direc-tion.

OS Operating System Here: Software system of the NE including basic and unit SW

OS Optical Section Deals with the Optical Section Layer on the STM-1 side.

OSI Open Systems Interconnection A seven (7) layer architecture model for communications systems developedby the ISO for the interconnection of data communications systems. Eachlayer uses and builds on the services provided by those below it.

OSPF Open Shortest Path First A link-state routing algorithm that is used to calculate routes based on thenumber of routers, transmission speed, delays and route cost.OSPF is used for ECC routing with the COBUX. The LEMU6 and LAWA4support OSPF routing for their subscriber traffic.

P0 64 kbit/s signal

P0 UCST TDM cross connections.

P0_nc UCST TDM cross connections.

P0-nc P0 n times concatenated

P12 UCST TDM cross connections.

P12s 2 Mbit/s signal, structured according to ITU-T G.704

P12x 2 Mbit/s signal, unstructured or with unknown structure

P22 IF on the unit level.

P31 IF on the unit level

P32 IF on the unit level.

PABX Private Automatic Branch Ex-change

A subscriber-owned telecommunications exchange that usually includes ac-cess to the PSTN.

PAD Packet Assembler and Disas-sembler

A PAD assembles packets of asynchronous data and emits these buffers in aburst to a packet switch network. The PAD also disassembles packets fromthe network and emits the data to the non-packet device.

PAM-16 Phase Amplitude Modulation Line code used with DSL (Digital Subscriber Loop) transmission

PBUS PBUS Internal highway structure implemented with FOX 512/515 for cross connec-tion on 1/1 and 1/0 level. Depending on type of FOX, limitations on use apply.

PBX Private Branch Exchange PBX is the term given to a device which provides private local voice switchingand voice-related services within the private network. A PBX could have an

ATM API to utilize ATM services, for example Circuit Emulation Service.

PC Protocol Control Protocol Control is a mechanism which a given application protocol may em-ploy to determine or control the performance and health of the application.Example, protocol liveness may require that protocol control information besent at some minimum rate; some applications may become intolerable tousers if they are unable to send at least at some minimum rate. For suchapplications, the concept of MCR is defined. Refer to MCR.

PC memory card PCMCIA card fitted to COBU. Standard capacity 8 MBytes.

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PCM Pulse Code Modulation An audio encoding algorithm which encodes the amplitude of a repetitiveseries of audio samples. This encoding algorithm converts analogue voicesamples into a digital bit stream.

PCMCIA card Official name for PC memory card. Refer to PC memory card.

PCON2 PBUS unit for the FOX 512/515 providing protocol conversion for 10 V5.1interfaces and 1 V5.2 interface (with up to 8 2 Mbit/s links).

PCONV PBUS unit for the FOX 512/515 providing protocol conversion for 4 V5.1 inter-faces or 1 V5.2 interface (2 2 Mbit/s links). The PCONV has 2 2 Mbit/s G.703electrical interfaces for structured and unstructured signals.


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PCR Peak Cell Rate The Peak Cell Rate, in cells/sec, is the cell rate which the source may neverexceed.

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH (plesiochronous means nearly synchronous), was developed to carrydigitised voice over twisted pair cabling more efficiently. This evolved into theNorth American, European, and Japanese Digital Hierarchies where only adiscrete set of fixed rates is available, namely, nxDS0 (DS0 is a 64 kbps rate)and then the next levels in the respective multiplex hierarchies.

PDR Processing Defect Ratio Used in conjunction with BHCA.

P-DSL xDSL path interface on the unit level (traffic layer) which is used (FOXMAN-UNNP) to adapt to P0_nc or P12 or VC-12.

PDU Protocol Data Unit Packet term for OSI networks.

PDU Protocol Data Unit A PDU is a message of a given protocol comprising payload and protocol-specific control information, typically contained in a header. PDUs pass overthe protocol interfaces which exist between the layers of protocols (per OSImodel).

PEC Product Engineering Code The ABB Product Engineering Code technically identifies and describes theproduct, its state and evolution. The PEC cannot be used for ordering or othercommercial purposes.

Permanent VirtualCircuit

Permanent Virtual Circuit

PETS Plesiochronous EquipmentTiming Source

Timing system of for PDH traffic signals and equipment.

PHA PBUS Highway Access Number of PBUS highways (each 2 Mbit/s of traffic signals plus correspondingsignalling) presently seized by a unit.

PHAU(PH)

PBUS Highway Access Per Unit This FOX specific figure provides the maximum number of PBUS accessesper unit in 2 Mbit/s accesses. This number is always a multiple of 4 (n x 4, n =0 32).

PHLC1 PSTN High density Line Card 3 slot wide PBUS unit for FOX 512/515 with 60 PSTN subscriber line inter-faces featuring subscriber line test. Used with V5.x and other special protocolbased signalling systems.

PHLC2 Ditto Ditto for 30 subscribers

PHLC3 Ditto Ditto for 10 subscribers

PHY OSI Physical Layer The physical layer provides for transmission of cells over a physical mediumconnecting two ATM devices. This physical layer is comprised of two sublay-ers: the PMD Physical Medium Dependent sublayer, and the TC TransmissionConvergence sublayer. Refer PMD and TC.

Physical Link Physical Link A real link which attaches two switching systems.

PICS Performance ImplementationCompliance Statement

Standard compliance lists for the definition of the national V5.x performance

PICS Protocol Implementation Con-formance Statement

A statement made by the supplier of an implementation or system statingwhich capabilities have been implemented for a given protocol.

PID Protocol Identification Refer to OUI.

PJE Pointer Justification Event A PJE is an inversion of the I- or D-bits of the pointer, together with an incre-ment or decrement of the pointer value to signify a frequency justification.PJE counts are reported separately for pointer increments (positive events)+PJE and decrements (negative events) PJE.

PLL Phase Locked Loop Phase Lock Loop is a mechanism whereby timing information is transferredwithin a data stream and the receiver derives the signal element timing bylocking its local clock source to the received timing information.

PLS Physical LAN Signalling

PM Performance Monitoring Most FOX units provide PM for their traffic signals.

PM Physical Medium Physical Medium refers to the actual physical interfaces. Several interfacesare defined including STS-1, STS-3c, STS-12c, STM-1, STM-4, DS1, E1, DS2,E3, DS3, E4, FDDI-based, Fibre Channel-based, and STP. These range inspeeds from 1.544Mbps through 622.08 Mbps.


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PMA Physical Medium Attachment A device that e.g. attaches the NE to a 10 BASE-T Ether

01 2 abbreviations

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