INTRODUCTION OF CHEMISTRY

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INTRODUCTION OF CHEMISTRY

Making observation-Gathering information about a phenomenon

Making inference

-making a smart guess or a tentative explanation about the phenomenon based on the observation

Identifying problem

-asking question based on the inference

Making hypothesis

-making a general statement about the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable to explain the question asked

Identifying variables

-manipulated variableThe factor that is purposely changed in an experiment

-responding variableThe factor that changes with the manipulated variable

-fixed variableThe factor that are kept constant throughout an experiment

Controlling variables

-deciding how to manipulate the chosen variable, what to measure and how to keep fixed variable constant

Planning an experiment

-determine the list of materials and apparatus, the exact procedure of the experiment, the method of collecting data and ways to analyse and interpret the collected data.

Collecting data

-making observations or measurement and then recording them systematically

Interpreting data

-organising and analyzing data. Calculation, graphs or charts are usually drawn to look for any relationship between the variables

Making conclusion

-making a statement about the outcome of the experiment and whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejectedWriting report

-communicating the details of the experiment

Quick review

1. identify the manipulated and responding variable in each of the following investigation.

a) to study the effect of the volume of air combustion

b) to determine whether oxygen is involved in rusting

2. A student wants to carry out an experiment to find out the effect of salt on the density of water.

a) suggest one suitable hypothesis for the experiment

b) based on your answer in (a), determine the manipulated, responding and fixed variables of the experiment.

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure,properties and introduction of matter.

IMPORTANCE

Chemical in daily life

e.g: vinegar, salts, soap

Chemical based-industry

e.g : petrochemical industry,

Chemical related careers

e.g : scientist, doctor, forensic

Scientific investigation

Scientific attitudes and noble values

-being systematic

-being cooperative

Scientific method

Making observation

Making inference

Indentifying problem

Making hypothesis

Identifying variables

Controlling variables

Planning an experiment

Collecting data

Interpreting data

Making conclusion

Writing report

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