01 introduction to umts emad

7/30/2019 01 Introduction to UMTS Emad

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1 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt/ yyyy-mm-dd/ Initials

Introduction to UMTSIntroduction to UMTS


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2 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd/ Initials

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMAnetworks

List the four main network subsystems of 3G

Explain how existing GSM networks support 3G

Name the four basic air interface access technologies

List at least three key benefits of WCDMA and identify at leastthree advantages of 3G networks for both the operator and the end-

user

Objectives

List at least 3 significant events in the evolution of CDMA networks

List the 4 main network subsystems of UMTS Release 3

Explain how existing GSM networks have evolved to support additional services andnew technologies

Name the four basic Air interface access technologies

List at least 3 key benefits of WCDMA and identify at least 3 advantages of 3Gnetworks for both the operator and the end user


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19001900 First human voice transmission (Reginald Fessenden)

19481948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing

Significant events in (W)CDMA evolution

Where was CDMA first used?Where was CDMA first used?

19061906 First radio broadcast (Fessenden)

19491949 Claude Shannon & John Pierce describe major CDMA effects

19561956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented


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1970s1970s CDMA used in several military communication and navigationsystems

Why was CDMA implemented for military use?Why was CDMA implemented for military use?

1980s1980s Studies for narrowband CDMA for commercial mobile networks


1990s1990s Studies for wideband (~5 MHz) CDMA for mobile cellularsystems


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19961996 UMTS forum established

19971997 ITU requests proposals for candidate radio transmissiontechnologies for IMT-2000 radio interface

19931993 USA used CDMA standardised in 2nd generation

19981998 ITU receives 10 proposals for terrestrial RTTs and5 for satellite RTTs including:

- CDMA2000 (USA)- ARIB W-CDMA (Japan)

- UTRA (Europe)


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19981998 3GPP formed to develop of a joint 3G system basedon evolved GSM core and UTRA air interface

19991999 ETSI starts UMTS project

19991999 4 UMTS licenses awarded in Finland(beauty contest, January)

20032003 Commercial use of WCDMA network


20052005 First commercial launch of HSDPA networkFirst commercial launch of HSDPA network


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Requirements of 3G systems

Bit rates up to 2Mbps

Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand

Multiplexing of different QoS services on a single connection Support range of delay requirements from real-time to best-effort traffics

Quality requirements from 10% frame error rate to 10-6 bit error rate

Co-existence of 2G and 3G systems and inter-system handovers for coverageenhancements and load balancing

Support of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic

High spectrum efficiency

Co-existence of FDD and TDD modes

Keywords

1G

2G

3G

Vision slide


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HW/SW Changes

Network evolution

MSC&VLR

HLR & AC & EIR

PSTNBSC

BSC

BTS

BTS

TCSM

TCSM

ISDN

A GSM network is made from 3 Sub-Systems (BSS, NSS and OSS)

Value Added

Service Platform(s):

SMSC, VMS

Even at the start, VAS (value added services) were part of GSM networks

TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade

HW/SW Changes

IN

IN was introduced for new services and differentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)

IP Networks

Data Rates in GSM are increased by implementation of Features like HSCSD

SGSN

GGSNIP Networks

GPRS is added to existing networks to support Packed DataHigher data rates are obtained by introducing EDGE in the GSM networkUMTS Rel'3; new BTS, Radio Network Controller, Media Gateway, 3G-SGSN

RNCBTS

3G-SGSN

MGW

GPRS adds improved data services with a new Packets witched backbone WhereSGSN and GGSN are two main elements


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Specification Bodies

3G.IP

OHG

UMTS

UMTS :Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemOHG : Operator Harmonisation Group3GPP : 3G Partnership Projectwww.3gpp.org


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International MobileTelephone - 2000

Direct Spread(on pairedfrequency

spectrum)

CDMA

Multi Carrier(on pairedfrequency

spectrum)

Time Code(on unpaired

frequency

spectrum)

Single Carrier(on pairedfrequency

spectrum)

Time Code(on unpairedfrequency

spectrum)

TDMA FDMA

cdma2000 UWC-136(EDGE)

(DECT)

Frameworkfor

3GSystems

IMT-2000radio

interfaceoptions

3G systems

UMTSFDD mode TDD mode


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Vision of UMTS Specification

Worldwide specified

Clear added value to GSM and backward compatible with GSM/ISDN

Full support for multimedia and advanced services

Generic radio access

Services must not be limited by the network capability.

UMTS Release 99

new radio interface solution more efficient more flexible

WCDMA FDD-mode TDD-mode

network evolution enhanced GSM core network enhanced service infrastructure

Keywords

1G

2G

3G

Vision slide


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3GPP Specifications

Release 99

Compatibility with GSM

Inter-operability

Services

UTRAN specifications, including WCDMA

air interface (Uu)

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

CAMEL Phase 3

Release 4

mainly specifies All-IP core network

Bearer Independent Core Network: call control and bearer

control in separate network elements

PS-Domain Handover for real-time services

Tandem-Free and Transcoder-Free Operations


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3GPP Specifications

Release 5

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

IP Multimedia CN Subsystem (IMS) Low Chip Rate TDD

Wideband Adaptative Multirate Codec

GERAN/UTRAN Interface Evolution

CAMEL Phase 4

Frequency bands: UMTS1800 and UMTS1900

Release 6

Beamforming Enhancements

Remote Control of electrical antenna tilting

IMS Phase 2

WLAN/UMTS interworking

Network Assisted Cell Change from UTRAN to GERAN

Frequency bands: UMTS850, UMTS800, UMTS1.7/2.1GHz


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14 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt/ yyyy-mm-dd/ Initials

Americas: GSM,

EDGE, IS-136, WCDMA

China: GSM,

EDGE, WCDMA

SEAP: GSM,

EDGE, WCDMA

Korea: WCDMA

Japan: WCDMA

Europe: GSM,

EDGE, WCDMA

3G globally


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The subsystems of UMTS

WCDMA

ATM

Iu

NMSNMS

CNCNRANRAN

O&M

Uu

UEUE

UE = User EquipmentRAN = Radio Acces NetworkCN = Core Network

NMS = Network Management System

ServicePlatform

Service

Platform

Keywords

GENERIC AIR INTERFACE - Radio part of the network functionally separated from the rest of thenetwork (RAN vs. CN)

Open interfaces (Uu, Iu, O&M plus others (target)).

Subsystems (Big picture)


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3G network management layers

Mobility Management (MM)

Session Management (SM)

Communication Management (CM)

Radio Resource Management (RRM)

UE RAN CN

Higher layer functions: Service-related Charging of a Bearer

Higher layer functions: Service-related Charging of a Bearer

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management: PDP Context Activation CS-call Setup Bearer Need etc.

Circuit/Packet-switchedsession management: PDP Context Activation CS-call Setup Bearer Need etc.

Managed mainly byCN domains Location Update Location Registration Paging Security Positioning

etc.

Control of Radio Resources

Admission Control

Code Allocation

Power Control

Handover Control andMacro Diversity

Keywords:

RRM

MM - RNC takes larger responsibility, positioning services, paging, handover, etc.

SM - call control

CM - Communication management - higher layer functions (Suppl Serv, SMS, Call control, etc.)


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3G Access Rate targets

Environment RT Service Peak Rate(Delay fixedfixed20 300 ms)

NRT Service Peak Rate(Delay variesvaries20 300 ms)

Rural Outdoor(Speed < 250 km/h)

144 384 kb/s 144 384 kb/s

Urban/Suburban

(Speed < 150 km/h)

384 512 kb/s 384 512 kb/s

Indoor/Low Range Outdoor(Speed < 10 km/h)

- 2 Mb/s(Special conditions)

- 2 Mb/s(Special conditions)

Pedestrian & Office (


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FDD and TDD

Duplex Transmission

Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex

frequency

time

frequency

time

Uplink

Uplink

Uplink

UplinkDownlink

Downlink

Downlink

Downlink

There are two basic formats used in radio communication, analog and digital.

The difference between the analog format and the digital format is that using analog, a persons voicesignal is transmitted over the air, while the digital format uses a string of 1s and 0s to represent thevoice signal.

If someone were to lock on to the frequency used for an analog conversation they could actually hearthe users voices.

In the digital format the observer would need to decode the 1s and 0s before hearing the conversation.


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4 Basic Air Interface Access Technology

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)

SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)


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So you see bla, bla, bla, yada, yada110000110101100011101110001

The difference between analogue and digital

Analogue

Digital

There are two basic formats used in radio communication, analog and digital.

The difference between the analog format and the digital format is that using analog, a persons voicesignal is transmitted over the air, while the digital format uses a string of 1s and 0s to represent thevoice signal.

If someone were to lock on to the frequency used for an analog conversation they could actually hearthe users voices.

In the digital format the observer would need to decode the 1s and 0s before hearing the conversation.


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20 to 50 miles

High power Lower Frequency

lines to switching center

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

The idea behind Frequency Division Multiple Access:

The frequency range is broken down into unique bandwidths and distributed to theusers.

FDMA is used in cellular communications

One frequency to speak on and one to listen onThus we have duplex communications. That way multiple users can operate in aparticular frequency spectrum.


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With FDMA, the users transmit simultaneouslyusing separate frequencies

frequency

tim

e

m

obile

pho

ne1

m

obile

pho

ne4

m

obile

pho

ne2

m

obile

pho

ne3

carrier band


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Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

Disadvantages with FDMA?Disadvantages with FDMA?


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TDMA frame

frequency

tim

e

TDMA frame

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 1

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 2

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 3

Mobile Phone 4

Mobile Phone 4

carrier band

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)divides the frequency into multiple time slices


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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)


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WCDMA air interface properties

FrequencyBand

Spreading Factor (SF)

Power

WCDMAOriginating Bit Received Bit

3G Service support various data rateby using different Spreading Factor


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Sharing the frequency by using Different codes

Codes

Power (P)

Time

Frequency


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Spreading and sharing the same space

ff

ff

User AUser A

User BUser B

DataData Data afterData after

spreadingspreadingPP

PP

TransmissionTransmission

over the airover the airDespreadDespread

User A signalUser B signal

at the receiverat the receiver

ff

ff

ff ff

P

P

P P


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Managing interference in CDMA

DespreadDespread

signal atsignal at

the receiverthe receive

r

TransmissionTransmission

over the airover the air

signalsignal

interferenceinterference

ffff

ppppsignalsignal

interferenceinterference


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Features of WCDMA

Efficient use of spectrum

Limited frequency management

Low mobile station transmit power

Uplink and downlink resource utilisation independent

Wide variety of data rates

Improvement of multi-path resolution RAKE receiver

Statistical multiplexing advantage

Increased standby-time from higher rate control channels.


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Key operator benefits

New service capabilities means new

business opportunities for operators,(further differentiation)

Revenue opportunity with increased

data/voice traffic

New frequency spectrum

The path towards IP mobility


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Key end-user benefits

Integrated customised services

Simplified service provisioning and

service upgrades

Wireless personal Internet

Multimedia messaging

Enhanced e-mail

Telecommuting

Improved quality of service

Support for video/audio clips


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Introduction to UMTS

Review Questions


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1. Which of the following definitions for the abbreviation3GPP is true?

A. It is a specification body organised by the

manufactures to promote new technologies.

B. It is an EU organisation that specifies all the

features that a 3G network must support.

C. It is an organisational body by the operators to

promote the harmonisation of different 3Gtechnologies.

D. It is the name of the interface between the RANand the CN.

E. It is a specification body that takes care of the

specification work in co-operation with many

institutes.


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2. Name the four subsystems in the UMTS network Release

99.

RAN (Radio Access Network)

CN (Core Network)

NMS (Network Management Subsystems) , OSS NetAct

UE


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3. Which of the following elements is not part of the core

network?

A. HLR

B. GGSN

C. RNC

D. EIR


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4. Which of the following sentences about EDGE is true?

A. EDGE is needed to support IN prepaid services.

B. EDGE is using a more efficient coding andmodulation technique than in GSM to increase

data throughput.

C. EDGE and GSM networks are incompatible.

D. EDGE will allow telephone calls to take place

faster as people can talk faster than in GSM

institutes.


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5. The SGSN is not needed to support 3G IP connections.

FDMA

SDMA

TDMA

CDMA

FALSE

6. List the four basic air interface technologies.


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7. Which of the following is true(circle the correct answer)?

A. 1st generation networks are digital and 2nd

generation networks are analogue.

B. WCDMA is a 2nd generation technology.

C. TDMA and CDMA were introduced in 2nd

generation networks.

D. Data, fax, and SMS services will first be

introduced with WCDMA.


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8. Describe the main difference between analogue anddigital.

Analogue: The information, I.e. voice , is modulate directly

with carrier and transmit over the air. (easy to trapinformation)

Digital

: The information, quantised to digital format

( 0 or 1 ) (if it analogue) then modulate and

transmit over the air.


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9. Which of the following are benefits of WCDMA (circle thecorrect answer)?

A. Improvement of Erlang capacity.

B. No frequency change allows imperceptible soft

handovers.

C. New available frequency spectrum.

D. All of the above.


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10. CDMA is an access technology, which was developed for high

capacity commercial mobile networks.

a. Integrated services that may be customised per subscriber

b. Ability to download and activate new services at will

c. Multimedia messaging

d. Possibility for telecommuting

e. Improved quality of service

f. Videophony

g. Location-based services

h. Support for video/audio clips

FALSE11. Which of the following are benefits or services for the enduser? .


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3G Release 99 ?

3G end-to-end IP solutions - starting with Rel'4 and Rel'5.

The circuit switched core network can become fully packetswitched in the future.

The role of the MSC/VLR will change; the traffic will no longer gothrough the element, but it will control the calls as a server.

The network elements may evolve in smaller steps; the objectiveis to enable a smooth path towards the All-IP core network.

Requirement: the IP must fully support Quality of Service and

Real-Time traffic (such as Voice over IP) = IPv6 is needed.


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1. e2. RAN, NMS,CN,UE3. c4. b5. false6. FDMA, SDMA, CDMA, TDMA7. c8. digital sampling resulting in bitstream9. d10.false11.i

Review questions

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