012 victorian gothic 1830 most successful and england’s major contribution –individualistic...
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012 VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1830
• Most successful and England’s major contribution– Individualistic– Architectural training haphazard– Prosperity 1830 – 70, many buildings constructed
• Development– Gothic revival to 1800– Post 1800, gaps despite gothic scholarship– 1830’s – gaps begin to bridge
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, LONDON 1836 - 60
• Barry and Pugin– Barry, classical plan, symmetrical– Pugin, asymmetrical gothic facade
• Contradictions– Tudor details on a classical body– Gave legitimacy and an appeal to the style
AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTHMORE PUGIN
• Author of “Contrasts” and “The true principles of pointed or Christian architecture”.– Synthesized gothic archaeology, French rationalist theory and
Roman Catholicism (escapism)
• Only true architecture for England is gothic– Only pre-perpendicular was true gothic
• Radical functionalism– Each part assumes necessary plan and volume and must be set
together in an orderly way. (all equal)
• Puginesque buildings– Function to plan, plan to interior volumes, interior volumes to
external massing. Result is picturesque looking buildings.
HIGH VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1853
• John Ruskin– Main force in survival of historicism– Author of “Seven lamps of architecture”, 1849, and
“The stones of Venice” 1851 – 53– Raged against modern age– Praised ancient buildings and craftsmen
• Architectural aesthetic centered on “unnecessary” features of a building.
• William Butterfield• Church of All Saints – 1852
– Commissioned by reform group• Ecclesiological Society
Sought to emphasize spirituality and provide colorful setting for clergy.
– Constructed of brick for color and texture• Influenced by Sienna Cathedral
– Program “squeezed” onto small site• Steep, vertical proportions
– Interior composed of dense polychrome• Patterns compete
• Chapel of Keble College 1867 - 83
• George Edmund Street– St. Paul’s American Church, Rome, 1873 – 76– Law Courts
• Secular High Victorian Gothic– Oxford University Museum 1855
• Deane and Woodward
– Albert Memorial 1863• G.C. Scott