kidobaniyovelkvireuli gamocema # 1 2010 fasi 1 lari

roca RmerTebic

ki tirian...

sakraluri gza

armazidan

sveticxovlamde

s a T a v e e b is a T a v e e b i

ratom ara aqvs alternativa

ilias gzas

THE BEATLESgmirebi

erekle yuloSvilirafa benitesi

aleqsandre makedoneli

barakoni

eris sulieri saunje

jvari

nikorwminda metexi

beTania

kidobani

#1 2010 3

sazogadoebriv-SemecnebiTi Jurnali `kidobani~

dafuZnebulia Sps “argumenti 2010”-is mierredaqcia xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principebiT, sareklamo masalebis da gancxadebebis Sinaarsze redaqcia pasuxs ar agebs. Semosuli masalebi avtors ar ubrundeba. statiis avtoris azri SeiZleba ar emTxveodes redaqciis azrs. misamarTi: baqraZis 6eleqtronuli fosta: argumenti2010@gmail.com

s a r C e v i

anton didi samonazvno Rvawlze 4makedoneli - legenda, romelmac msoflio SeZra 5erekle yuloSvili 8hera 10

biTlzi 12

ginesis rekordebi 37

solomon mefis saganZuri 44maSriyiT maRribamde 40

iumori 50

iciT Tu ara, rom... 16mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki 17

saidumloebiT moculi brZola 38

samwvrTnelo kredo 48

cxovreba sikvdilis Semdeg 11

BMW-s istoria 14

kidobani

#1 20104

erTxel mowafeebma mama antons hkiTxes: - mamao, mravalni gvixilavs Cven udabnoSi ganmxoloebuli monazvnebi da ufro metisgan gvsmenia, rom did saTnoebaTaTvis miuRweviaT, mravali RirsebiT arian Semkulni da didi mgznebarebiT moSurneoben RmrTisaTvis Tavi-anT wminda gandegil cxovrebaSi. Hhoda, maS, gviTxari, mamao, didxans iqneba maTSi es mgznebareba moSurneobisa da es saRmrTo siyvaruli ganmxoloebuli cxovrebisa, siglaxakisa, TavSekavebisa da mravali sxva saTnoebisa, romelTac amJamad aseTi gulmodginebiT Sesdgomia esodeni simravle bermonazonTa?

RvTis kacma, mama antonma cremlebiT miugo Tavis mowafeebs: - mova dro, Cemo Svilebo, roca monazvnebi yvelgan miatove-ben udabnoebs da ganmartoebis adgilebs da maT sanacvlod mdidar qalaqebs miaSureben sacxovreblad; am udabur mRvimeTa da vi-wro senakTa nacvlad isini zviad Senobebs aRmarTaven, imgvarad, romelnic didebule-biTa da SemkulobiT samefo sasaxleebs ar daudeben tols; siglaxakis Rvawlis sanacvlod im gansacdeliT aRsavse droSi gaizrdeba siyvaruli simdidrisa da fu-funebisa, WeSmarit da RvTissaTnomyofel simdables sulis ampartavneba Sescvlis, mravalni monazonTagan cudad ganidideben Tavs da Tavs moiwoneben TavianTi cod-niT, magram es maTi codna SiSveli iqneba, ganZarcvuli qvelis saqmeTagan, uamisod ki yovelgvari codna uxmaria, WeSmariti siyvaruli gangrildeba, TavSekavebisa da keTilkrZalulebis nacvlad mucelRmer-Toba ganmravldeba, nayrovanebis codva Seipyrobs mraval monazons da mraval-nic mxolod fufunebaze da gamorCeul sazrdoze izruneben, ise, rom sulac ar Camouvardebian Wama-smaSi saero adamianebs; ase rom, im saSinel droSi monazoni saero kacisagan mxolod SesamoseliT iqneba gansxvavebuli, romlis daniSnulebasac yvelani daiviwyeben da ver gaamarTleben... da ai, amgvari monazvnebic ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom saeroTa Soris icxovreben da mxolod SesamoseliT iqnebian maTgan

gansxvavebulni da codviT ki kidev ufro aRmatebulnic, ai, aseTi bermonazvnebic maSin ganmxoloebulad uwodeben Tavs (sa-kuTriv sityva monazoni ganmartoebulad mcxovrebs niSnavs). amasTan, es monazvnebi marad Tavis gandidebaSi da qadilSi iqnebian da rogorc es pavle mociqulis droSive iyo, ase ityvian: K...me pavlesi var, xolo me - apoloisi, xolo me - kefaisi, xolo me - qristesioL, TiTqosda mTeli Zala maTi monazonobisa maTs winamorbedTa RirsebaSi yofiliyos. amis mTqmeli monazvnebi TavianTi mamebis saxeliT iwo-debian da ganidideben Tavs, iseve, rogorc qristes jvarmcmeli iudevelebi ganidide-ben Tavs abraamiT da mamad uwoddnen mas, Mmagram yovelive amasTan erTad, Cemo Svilno, imasac getyviT, rom im saSinel droSi imgvari monazonebic iqnebian, romlebic wmidad aRasruleben TavianT movaleobas da yvela RirsebiT Cvenze ukeTesni da srulyofilni aRmoCnde-bian. Dda es Tqvenc uwyiT, rom ufro netari isaa, visac SeeZlo Seecoda da ar Sescoda, saSualeba hqonda uflis mcnebas gardaxdomoda da ar gardaxda, SeeZlo borotis qmna da ar qmna boroti, rogorc es saRmrTo weril-Sia naTqvami (ziraq. 31,11): ufro netari amgvari monazonia, vidre is monazoni, vinc mraval srulyofil monazonTa Soris cxovrobda, srulyofil moZRvarTagan imwyseboda da miizideboda sikeTis qmni-saken, radgan mis moSurneobas RmrTisaken marad aRagznebdnen sulier RvawlSi gulmodgine da warmatebuli mamani. Dda swored amitomac aris, rom noe, abrahami Tu loti, romelnic borot adamianTa Soris cxovrobdnen da ar moklebian saRmrTo moSurneobas, egzom didad da samarTlianad arian gandidebuli saRmrTo werilSi da marad yvelaze didi magaliTi iqnebian adamianTaTvis saTno cxovrebisa.

anton didi erTxel mowyenilobam da cudma fiqrebma moicva, magram male SeSineb-ulma SehRaRada RmerTs: KRmerTo, Mminda

rom gadavrCe, magram TviTonac ar vici ra mitacebs. maCvene gza, romliTac davZlev am saSinel fiqrebs. Mmaswavle, rogor gadavrCeL.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg wminda antoni gamovida Tavisi senakidan da dainaxa ucno-bi, romelic jer xelsaqmes ujda, Semdeg adga da iloca. isev dajda da qsovda, mere isev dadga locvaze... es iyo angelozi, ro-melic monazvnis saxiT gamoecxada antons, raTa gamoesworebina da gaefrTxilebina igi. Aim dros, rodesac wminda meudabnoe uyurebda mas, uxorco mfarvelma uTxra: Senc ase moiqeci da gadarCebi. Ees rom gaigo, wminda antoni sixaruliT da imediT aivso da amis Semdeg aRarasodes daurRvevia angelozuri wesi.

anton didi ambobda: erTxel me vixile eSmakis yovelgvari maxe, dedamiwaze dagebuli da SeZrwunebulma vikiTxe: -aris vinme, vinc amas gadaurCeba? Dda Semomesma xma: -mxolod Tavmdabalni da mSvidni.

erTxel mamebi mama antonTan mividnen da masTan mama iosebi daxvdaT. wminda mamas maTi gamocda surda, amitom wminda werilidan erT-erTi gamonaTqvami Sear-Cia da saTiTaod hkiTxa TiToeuls, Tu ras niSnavda es gamonaTqvami. Yyvela sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr pasuxobda, beri ki TiToeuls miugebda:

- ara, ver mimxvdarxar! bolos mama iosebs hkiTxa:- Sen ras ityvi am gamonaTqvamze?- ar vici. - upasuxa iosebma.Mmama antonma ki dasZina: mama iosebi

swor gzaze dgas, roca ambobs ar vicio.masala mowodebulia

“sapatriarqos uwyebanis” mier

antoni didi samonazvno Rvawlsa

da saRmrTo moSurneobaze

religia

kidobani

#1 2010 5

warmoSoba da bavSvobis wlebi

aleqsandre makedoniis same-fos dedaqalaqSi – pelaSi daibada, C.w.aR–mde 356 wlis ivlisSi, zustadDim dRes, roca herostratem artemides cnobili taZari gadawva efesoSi. aseve cnobilia isic, rom am dRes par-menionma gaanadgura ilirielebi da filipe makedonelis cxenebma olimpiur TamaSebSi etlosanTa jiriTSi gaimarjves.

mamam, filipe II makedonelma (plutarqes mixedviT, herkulesis STamomavali), gaaerTiana makedo-nia, Seqmna Zlieri jari, daipyro saberZneTi da moipova didi sim-didre da Zalaufleba.

deda, olimpia (plutarqes mixedviT, aqilevsis STamomavali), epiris mefis, neoptolemusis qa-liSvili gaxldaT.

rodesac aleqsandre 10 wlis iyo, filipes erTma Tesalielma vaWarma mihgvara cxeni. misi moTviniereba veravin SeZlo da

amitom filipe mis ukan dabrune-bas apirebda. plutarqes gadmo-cemiT, aleqsandrem SeamCnia, rom

cxens Tavisi Crdilis eSinoda. amitom is mzisken Seabruna da daubrkoleblad daimorCila. ufliswulma cxens bucefali daarqva, rac “xarisTavas” niSnavs. sabolood, filipem cxeni vaJiS-vils uyida da uTxra: “oh, Svilo Cemo, moZebne Seni Rirsi samefo, radgan makedonia Zalian pataraa SenTvis.”

aleqsandre Zalzed ambiciuri axalgazrda gaxldaT. is patarao-bidanve ganebivrebuli iyo aRmz-rdelebiT, Tumca mis aRzrdas gan-sakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevdnen leonidasi da lisimaqosi. filipe amas ar dasjerda da 13 wlis aleqsandres maswavleblad moi-wvia platonis moswavle aristo-

tele, romelic im drois yvelaze ganaTlebul pirovnebad iTvle-boda. swavluli nimfebis taZarSi, miezasTan axlos aleqsandresa da sxva warCinebuli ojaxebis Svilebs aswavlida filosofias, medicinas, fizikas, maTematikas, logikas, literaturas, musikas, xelovnebas da a.S.(swored aq Sexvda Tavis momaval saukeTeos megobars, partniors da alter–egos – hefestions.)

aristotelem Tavisi wignidan “politika”, aswavla aleqsandres, rom monoba iyo normaluri md-gomaroeba, instituti da rom ar-

sebobda xalxi, romelic bunebiT mona iyo. magaliTisTvis mohyavda barbarosebi, romlebSic savarau-dod sparselebs gulisxmobda.

miuxedavad maswavlebeli–mowafis kargi urTierTobisa, aristotele da aleqsandre mogvianebiT gaucxovdnen, radganac maTi azri ucxoelebis statusTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavdeboda. aristotele maT barbarosebad miiCnevda, xolo aleqsandres makedonelebis da ucxoelebis gaerTianeba surda.

16 wlis regenti

C.w.aR–mde 340 wels, filipe II bizantias gaemgzavra, raTa ajanyebebi CaexSo da mamamisis aryofnaSi, samefo taxtis Za-laufleba alqsandres gadaeca. aseTi poziciis da Zalauflebis miniWeba 16 wlis biWisTvis ukve bevr rameze metyvelebda. aleqsandre Camoyalibebuli mmarTveli da mebrZoli gaxl-daT. Mmas es dro fuWad ar dau-kargavs - Seutia medebis toms da aiRo maTi mTavari qalaqi. Semdeg iqidan gayara mosaxleni da mis adgilas daaarsa axali kolonia, aleqsandropolisi.

filipem, dabrunebis Semdeg, aleqsandre gagzavna samxreT TrakiaSi ajanyebis CasaxSobad. berZnuli qalaqis perinTusis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi aleqsan-drem mamamisi sikvdils gadaar-Cina. am dros qalaqma amfisam daiwyo apolonisTvis Sewiruli miwebis damuSveba, ramac saSu-aleba misca filipes Careuliyo saberZneTis saqmeebSi. Tra-kiaSi yofnis periodSi filipem, berZnuli qalaqebis mxridan Tavdasxmis SiSiT, aleqsandres daavala armiis Seqmna.

aleqsandre makedoneli-legenda,

romelmac msoflio SeZra

biografiebi

kidobani

#1 20106

filipe da aleqsandre

miuxedavad mamamisis ndobisa, aleqsandre ver ewyoboda filipes, xolo maT Soris urTierToba gan-sakuTrebiT daiZaba mas Semdeg, rac filipem axali colis - general atalosis qaliSvilis, kleopatras SerTva ganizraxa.

iyo kidev erTi SemTxveva, ramac gaamwvava mama–Svilis urTierTo-bebi. qorwilSi, kleopatras mamam saxalxod gamoTqva imedi, rom mis Svils da siZes male kanonieri memkvidrec SeeZinebodaT. aman aleqsandres ganrisxeba gamoiwvia, ataloss RviniT savse Wiqa esrola

da uyvira, “aramzadav, me Sen nabi-Wvari ggonivar?! ” amaze filipe ganrisxda da Svilisken xmliT gaiwia, Tumca nabaxusevi waborZik-da da daeca. amasTan dakavSirebiT aleqsandrem ganacxada: “ai, SexedeT kacs, romelic salaSqrod emza-deba evropa – aziis gavliT da wonasworoba ver SeunarCunebia erTi magididan meoremde.”

roca filipe, aleqsandres dedas – olimpias gaeyara, ale-qsandrem miiRo mama, Tumca misgan izolirebuli darCa sikvdilamde.

aleqsandres gamefeba

C.w.aR–mde 336 wlis zafxulSi moxda filipes mkvleloba aegis Teatris gzaze. is misma oficerma – pausianusma mokla (zogierTi wy-aroTi es SeTqmuleba aleqsandres dedam – olimpiam moawyo).

20 wlis aleqsandre dauyovne-bliv warudgines jars, rogorc makedoniis axali mefe. am poziciaze is erTaderTi kandidati ar yofila, Tumca mas Semdeg, rac jarma aRiara, aleqsandrem taxtis Semcileebi nel–nela Camoicila. Tavad genera-li atalosi, kleopatras mama, mcire aziaSi gaagzavna salaSqrod, Tumca mogvianebiT, Tvlida ra safrTxed, misi mkvlelobac moawyo.

vin iyo aleqsandre

saRvTo warmomavloba – game-febis Semdeg, aleqsandrem Tavi uzenaesi RmerTis – zevsis Svilad gamocxada (misi saRvTo warmoSobis Sesaxeb istoriebi Seiqmna), Tumca rogorc kritikosebi miiCneven, es sulac ar iyo saWiro, radgan erTi Sexedvac sakmarisi iyo imis gas-agebad, rom aleqsandre didebisTvis daibada.

mravalferovani xasiaTi _ miiC-neven, rom aleqsandres buneba savse iyo winaaRmdegobebiT da eqstrem-aluri TvisebebiT. is iyo rogorc mistiuri, aseve praktikuli; ro-gorc meocnebe, ise pragmatikosi. mas SeeZlo uzarmazari strategiebis SemuSaveba da amave dros umcires detalebsac aqcevda yuradRebas.

imiji _ aleqsandre did yur-adRebas uTmobda Tavis imijs da amitomac rTulia, gavarkvioT ra iyo faqti mis cxovrebaSi da da ra iyo propaganda. jariskacebi aRmerTebdnen mas. iyo mimzidveli,

mamaci da inteligenti. dauRalavad Sromobda da garSemo myofT yvelas sjobnida.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aleqsandre dabadebidanve iyo legenda.

sami saCuqari _ filipem aleqsan-dres sami ram dautova: oqros mTebi, sruliad saberZneTi da didebuli jari. am samidan uknasknelma mTavari da gadmwyveti mniSvneloba SeiZina aleqsandresTvis.

mudam mzad _ makedoneli Tavis jars mudam wvrTnida da avarjiSeb-da. swored jaris mzadyofna da

genialuri strategiebi wauZRva mas didi warmatebebisken.

makedoniis jari - konkurentuli upiratesobebi

“falangi” (evropis samxedro ganviTarebis sawyisi) _ makedon-iuri “falangi” gaxldaT filipes Semoqmedeba, romelic mogvianebiT aleqsandrem daxvewa da gaaumjobe-sa. (im dros berZnebi jer kidev tradiculi samxazovani ganlage-biT ibrZodnen, xolo “falangi” gaxldaT fleqsibeluri sajaro erTeuli, romelsac martivad da swrafad SeeZlo sxvadasxvanairi formireba).

“falangi”, rogorc wesi, Sedge-boda sul 256 kacisgan (16X16 ganlageba), xolo gverdebSi gan-lagebuli 16 kaci aucileblad iyvnen mxolod makedonelebi. (sxva, SedarebiT patara “falangis”, gan-lagebebi Sedgeboda 96 kacisgan – 8X12 ganlageba).

TiToeul falangists aucile-blad hqonda sarisa – orwvetovani Subi, 4 metris sigrZis, romelic or nawilad daSlili dahqondaT da brZolis dros aerTianebdnen - is orive xeliT eWiraT. aseTi grZeli iaraRiT brZola mokle distanciaze rTulia, TiTqmis SeuZlebeli, Tumca, swored am iaraRis wyalobiT axerxebdnen falangistebi mtris distanciaze gaCerebas. pirvel 5 rigs Subebi win hqonda mimarTuli da nebismier dros “falangis” win momarTuli Subebis wvetebis raodenoba samizne obieqtis raodenobaze meti iyo. fa-langistebs aseve hqondaT meoradi

biografiebi

kidobani

#1 2010 7

iaraRi – patara xanjlebi.“falangebs” mtris Sekavebis

funqcia hqondaT, sanam msubuqi kavaleria moaxerxebda mtris xa-zebSi SeWras. “falangis” Cveuli formireba iyo kvadrati, Tumca aseve swrafad SeeZloT gadawyo-biliyvnen solisebr Tu sxva formirebaSi.

jariskacebs naswavli hqondaT, rom droSisa da sayviris signale-bze emoqmedaT.

“falangi” IV saukunemde uZli-eresi ganlageba iyo, sanam is ro-maulma legionebma ar daCrdila.

ra Tqma unda, makedoniis jars sxva Zlieri erTeulebic hyavda – mZime kavaleria da aseve msubuqi cxenosnebi da mSvildosnebi.

mxedarTmTavris Tvisebebi _ jaris faqtoris garda, Tavad ale-qsandre udides rols TamaSobda gamarjvebaSi. is saocar simamaces iCenda, mudam wina xazebSi ibrZda. Sedegad ki yvelaze xSirad Tvi-Ton Savdeboda. Crdilo–dasavleT TurqeTis did mdinareze kisersa da TavSi daWres, gzasTan - barZaySi, samjer - avRanistanSi da yvelaze seriozuli Wriloba miiRo in-doeTSi – isarma filtvi gaux-vrita. aleqsandre, Zalian xSirad pirveli iyo, vinc asaRebi qalaqis kedelze gadacocdeboda xolme.

mxedarTmTavari icnobda Tavis jariskacebs da uyvarda isini. axsovda TiTqmis yvelas saxeli da saqmeebi. brZolis win, roca jariskacebs elaparakeboda, maT saxelebiT mimarTavda. veteran me-

brZolebs saxlSi agzavnida xolme ojaxebis mosanaxuleblad da Za-lze liberaluri iyo saCuqrebisa da titulebis gacemaSi.

yvela am faqtorma Seqmna Seu-Cerebli jari, romelic aleqsan-dresTan erTad iqca legendad.

ram SeaCera aleqsandre

indoeTTan

indoeTSi gadasul aleqsandres Sexvda gansxavavebuli klimati, ramac Zalian SeaSina makedonelebis sabrZolo spiloebi, magram make-doneli ar SeuSinda am sirTules da erT–erT brZolaSi daamarcxa indoeTis mefe porusi, Tumca is mainc SeCerda. indoeTi ufro didi da Zlieri aRmoCnda, vidre eloda. mas ar hqonda sruli, saWiro in-formacia mterze.

imperiis organizeba

mas Semdeg rac porusi aiZula aliansSi Sesuliyo masTan, ale-qsandre ZiriTadad imperiis orga-nizebiT dakavda.

imperiis organizebis da ad-ministrirebis periodSi:

1) aleqsandrem moiyvana sparsi coli da Tavisi oficrebisgan igive moiTxova. mas ar moswonda berZnuli paroqiaristuli – vi-wro xedva.

2) Seqmna saerTo valuta – aleqsandres moneta.

3) mas ukve araerTi berZnuli qalaqi hqonda daarsebuli da axla ufro metis miRweva surda – Ta-visi mmarTvelobis qveS yvelas gaerTianeba.

am da sxva spekulaciebis gamo, zogierTi Tanamderove istorikosi Tvlis, rom aleqsandres surda Se-eqmna universaluri saZmos msgavsi imperia, ase vTqvaT, surda xalxis Sereva.

aleqsandres bolo weli

uamravma miRebulma Wrilobam da uzomo Sromam alqsandre daasusta. Cv.w.aR–mde 323 wlis zafxuls,aleqsande na viT gaemgza-vra babilonSi. mas cieb-cxeleba Seeyara da 13 ivniss gardaicvala. 4 dRe siCume sufevda babi lons,

xalxi SokSi iyo da glo vobda. makedonelis cxedari egvipteSi, aleqsandriaSi ga da as venes da iq dakrZales.roca kvdeboda,yvelas ain te-

resebda Tu vis dautovebda ale-qsandre imperias, magram mas konkre-tuli pirovneba ar dausaxelebia - ganacxada, rom Tavis imperias yvelaze Zliers dautovebda.istoriul wyaroebSi ar Cans,

zrunavda Tu ara aleqsandre memkvidris Seqmnaze. SeiZleba arc Cqarobda da kidev didxans apirebda makedoniis imperiis marTvas. is xom mxolod 33 wlis iyo, Tumca arc mamamisi filipe api rebda sikvdils da is swo redac mo iq ca, roca Svils da ba debidanve dauwyo wvrTna. al-baT alqsandres udides Secdomad swored es unda iqnes miCneuli – man ar gazarda memkvidrve.

biografiebi

kidobani

#1 20108

man samSoblosTvis sicocxle gaimeta, samSoblos mterma – kas-eturi bombi mis gasanadgureblad, samSoblom – vaxtang gorgaslis pirveli xarisxis ordeni... daRup-vis Semdeg.

erekle yuloSvili – meoTxe qveiTi brigadis saartilerio di-viziis meTauri _ gmirulad daeca cxinvalis misadgomebTan.

rezo SatakiSvili: pirvelad var gmiris ojaxSi. raRac ucnauri gancdaa – TiTqmis mouxelTebeli sentimentebisgan, Cveulebrivi crem-lebisgan daclili, raRac gauxu-nari sevdiT mosili da amaRlebuli.

gmirze, erekle yuloSvilze misi meuRle – nino kandelaki miambobs. gverdiT oTaxSi ZiZas xelSi atatebuli nikuSa dahyavs. is xuTi Tvisaa. mamis daRupvidan 2 Tvis Tavze moevlina qveyanas. bavSvi cqmutavs, Cvensken iwevs, iqiT, sadac mamis gmirobis ambebs yvebian. nikuSa umamod gaizrdeba, magram mas mamis magaliTi gazrdis – sazRaprod eqneba mamis brZola da omebi.

nikuSas iseve mouyvebian mamis gmirobas, rogorc dRes uyvebian agvistos omamdel Tu agvistos omis ambebs dedamiss.

nino kandelaki: „erekles Zalian kargad vicnobdi. vicodi misi jil-doebis Sesaxebac, miRebuli hqonda gorgaslis mesame xarisxis ordeni 2006 wels, samaCablos movlenebis gamo, medali mxedruli mamacobisT-vis, araerTi sigeli da jildo... es yvelaferi vicodi, magram me Cemi meuRle, rogorc samxedro, swored omis, misi daRupvis Semdeg gavicani. xalxma ramdenjerme televiziiT mnaxa da gaigo, rom erekles meuRle var. quCaSi maCereben erekles nacno-bebi, misi kursantebi, leqtorebi, an visTanac adre umsaxuria, maCereben da miyvebian ambebs. ai, aseTi qmari gyavdao... TviTon erekles ar sCveo-da Tavis damsaxurebaze, gmirobaze saubari, saocrad TavSekavebuli da mokrZalebuli iyo, yvelas Tavs ay-varebda Tavisi siTboTi, megobrobiT da arsad, arasodes, arc sufraze, arc sazogadoebaSi ar uTqvams: iciT, me es ordeni maqvs, an es gavakeTeo“.

asi baWiis ambavi...erekle yuloSvili mamulis

dacvas Seewira, misi didi winapari, mRvdeli mixeil yuloSvili – sarwmunoebas. mas Tavi mohkveTes mahmadianebma. gmiris gmiri winapari saingiloSi, yuloSvilebis sagva-reulo sasaflaoze ganisvenebs. erekle TbilisSi daibada, eqim mixeil yuloSvilis ojaxSi, magram 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, roca yvelaferi airia, roca “didi gamy-invareba” daiwyo, roca Tbiliss TvalT daubnelda da aTasi juris formireba brma tyviebiT setyvavda qalaqs, SeSinebulma dedam 12-ode wlis erekle da misi da Tbiliss gaarida. ojaxi ramdenime weli saingiloSi cxovrobda.

„uamrav saintereso ambavs miyve-boda, makvirvebda. CemTvis is samx-edro iyo, oficeri, romelsac, roca samsaxuridan urekavdnen, fexze

dgeboda da ise saubrobda. gavidoda ramdenime wuTi da uceb metyoda, „ai, sofelSi, baWiebi rom myavda“, an „boColam rom fexi itkina“... da uceb es 30 wlis kapitani patara biWi xdeboda. bavSvobaSi ezoSi asi baWia hyavda, zaqs zrdida, goWebs zrdida... erTi goWi lekviviT hyavda miCveuli. sofelSi rom CavidodiT, es goWi mocuxcuxdeboda, fexebTan dauwveboda, esec efereboda, zurgs fxanda, „goWuna-goWunas“ eZaxda da Wkuaze ar iyo. bavSvobidanve saocrad mSromeli yofila, dedas gverdSi edga, magram amas misTvis swavlaSi xeli ar SeuSlia. icoda franguli, germanuli, Turquli, azerbaijanuli, rusuli, werda da kiTxulobda inglisuradac. saocari maTematikuri niWi hqonda. aTasebis farglebSi angariSobda zepirad. artileristebs sul sWirdebaT gamoTvla. poligonze kalkulators ki gamoiyeneb, magram omis dros es SeuZlebelia da ami-tom erekle Tavis jariskacebs gon-ebaSi Tvlas aCvevda. rom hkiTxavdi, davuSvaT, 25 787 gavyoT 24 560-ze, pasuxs maqsimum 20 wamSi getyoda. xazva uyvarda...“

rogorc nino miambobs, ereklem bavSvobaSi yvelaferi gamoscada, e.w. quCac naxa da Sromis fasic icoda, kargadac swavlobda. skolis damTavrebis Semdeg Tavdacvis aka-demiaSi Seiyvana mamam. mama-Svilis miznebi gadaikveTa. Svils SeiaraRe-ba ainteresebda, mamas undoda, Svili quCisTvis moeridebina da biWi jars gaezarda. gauzarda kidec.

bedma isini „skaipSi“ Seaxvedra.nino kandelaki: „Cemi mSoblebi

maSin sazRvargareT iyvnen da „skaipiT“ velaparakebodi xolme. im dRes, laparaki rom davamTavre, ratomRac ar gamovedi „skaipidan“, bediswera iyo, albaT. uceb momdis mesiji: „salami“. amdagvari mesijebi „skaipSi“ uamravia, magram Cemi yu-radReba gvarma miiqcia. ki, naxevari kaxeTis raioni yuloSvilia, magram TbilisSi iSviaTad arian. garda ami-sa, ewera erayi, baRdadi... ewera ara, vTqvaT, irakli, aramed erekle... mec

erekle yuloSvili

gmirebi

kidobani

#1 2010 9

mivesalme da... ara aqvs mniSvneloba, sad Sedgeba Sexvedra, mTavaria, rom Sedges. xuTi Tve vkontaqtobdiT „skaipiT“, Semdeg telefoniTac da Cveni SeuRleba manam gadawyda, sanam Camovidoda da realurad mnaxavda. me erekles davxvdi, rogorc pa-tarZali... cxovrebaSi kidev ufro ukeTesi iyo... Camovida 21 ivniss. arasodes damaviwydeba is wami, iReba kari da gamodis erekle, Cemi mefe erekle. ar vici, mere ra moxda, ram-denime wuTi ki ara, 15-20 wuTi aq ar viyavi saerTod, saCuqrebi Camomitana Zalian bevri, mTeli parkiT, moride-bulad momca, saocrad moridebuli adamiani iyo... uyvarda siurprize-bis, saCuqrebis keTeba, baRdadidan moaxerxa da saaRdgomod saCuqrad cifruli fotoaparati gamomigza-vna. rogorc meuRleebi, sul 14 Tve viyaviT erTad, magram misi xasiaTi-dan da qmedebebidan gamomdinare. es 14 Tve saukunis tolfasia. Tan am xnis manZilze umetesad poligonze iyo, xan yazarmuli, xan swavlebebi, xan samsaxuri... ar vici raRa darCa, magram iqidanac axerxebda yur-adRebis moqcevas da ar mqonda imis SegrZneba, rom erTi Tve erekle ar iyo Cems gverdiT. dReSi 20-jer vrekavdiT erTmaneTTan, uceb dare-kavda 21-ed, rogor xaro- mkiTxavda. me veubnebodi, rom ai, kinos vuyureb, menatrebi. genatrebio? mkiTxavda, maSin gamiRe kario. arada vici, rom aris axalcixeSi, 25 mTis iqiT, vaReb kars – dgas talaxiT das-vrili CeqmebiT, yvavilebiT xelSi... Camexuteboda da isev wavidoda, gamaxarebda, Zalas momcemda...“

maT bednierebas wertili omma dausva

6 agvistos ninom Cveulebisamebr gaacila qmari samsaxurSi.

ereklem saRamos dareka da Seatyobina, rom Sin ver mividoda – gorSi gamoiZaxes. televizorTan ori suli nerviulobs – coli da jerac arSobili vaJi.

nino kandelaki: „bolos tele-foniT 7 agvistos, Ramis 12-is naxevarze vesaubre. miTxra: „axla aq ar aris iseTi situacia, rom

meuRles telefoniT velaparako. araferze inerviulo, Sens Tavsa da bavSvs gaufrTxildio“. im Rames ukanasknelad gavige erekles xma“...

8 agvisto. dila. rusebis ieriSi cxinvalze. erekle cxinvalis mis-adgomebTanaa, naZvnarSi, qveiT briga-dasTan erTad.

albaT xvdeba, rom veRar ixi-lavs verc cols, verc mSoblebs, veRarc axloblebs, megobrebs, vaJs, romelsac sulmouTqmelad eloda... magram axla amis dro araa, saa-rtilerio divizias mtris mde-bareobis koordinatebs awvdis. misi miwodebuli yvela koordinati utyuaria. mteri danakargs veRar audis. mogvianebiT dokumentebSic Caiwereba: „meoTxe qveiTi brigadis saartilerio diviziis meTauris, kapitan erekle yuloSvilis mier mowodebulma koordinatebma mters mniSvnelovani zarali miayena“.

brZolis veli erekle gmirul magaliTs aZlevs

TanamebrZolebs. gadarCenili jaris-kacebis mexsi-erebaSi ase darCeba – fiWvTan muxlebze daSvebuli, rukiTa da raciiT, koordinatebs gadascems... da morCa. gaTavda. im adgils nax-evartoniani „iskanderi“ (kaseturi bombi) daeca.

colma 10 agvistosve gaigo qmris ganukvdavebis ambavi, magram erekles cxedris gadmosveneba agvistos bo-lomde ver moxerxda. mere ki 4 Tve cxedris identificireba gaZnelda.

„45 cxedari gadmoasvenes. maTi amocnoba SeuZlebeli iyo. gulis siRrmeSi mjeroda, rom am cxedrebs Soris ereklec iqneboda. jojox-eTuri oTxi Tve gaviare. umZimesi dReebi, romelic aTas wlad meCvene-boda. yovel diliT RmerTs imas vTxovdi, meuRlis saflavi mainc maRirse-meTqi.

9 oqtomberi bednieri dRe iyo. dilis cxris naxevarze, mamis da-Rupvidan zustad or TveSi, qveyanas Cveni biWi moevlina. erekle ratom-Rac darwmunebuli iyo, rom gogo gveyoleboda. roca eqoskopiaze gviTxres, rom biWi iyo, vkiTxe - ra-

tom gegona, rom gogo iqneboda-meTqi. ras vifiqrebdi, rom RmerTi ase damasaCuqrebda da biWi meyolebo-dao, – mipasuxa. biWs saxeli erTad SevurCieT – nikuSa. mere me Zalian mindoda erekles darqmeva, magram moZRvarma mirCia, rac ereklesa da Sen erTad gqondaT gadawyvetili, is daarqviTo. nikuSas Tu biWi eyoleba RvTis wyalobiT, erekles imas daarqmevs“.

noemberSi ojaxs „deenemis“ pa-suxi mouvida da gairkva – gmiri erekle gmirebis gverdiT ganisvenebs muxaTgverdSi.

nino kandelaki: „xSirad mikiTx-avs: roca meTauri xar, ra funqciebi gaqvs-meTqi? _ visac omSi waviyvan, ukan unda davabrunoo. es piroba Seasrula. 400 kaci waiyvana da 400-ve ojaxs daubruna. erekles diviziidan, mis garda, sami ofic-eri da mZRoli daiRupa. erekles gverdiT daeca aleqsandre TandaS-vilic, ar moscilda. eraySi gaicnes erTmaneTi, sul erTad iyvnen omis dReebSi. ar moSorda, Torem erekles gverdiT ar unda yofiliyo, rogorc artileristi. 9 agvistos daiRupnen ilia bardaveliZe da giorgi kira-kozaSvili. giorgi kirakozaSvili 9 agvistos Sevida iq, sadac qarTuli jari aRar iyo. SeiZleboda, rom ar Sesuliyo, magram is mainc Sevida da moaxerxa kidec erTi sacecxle wertilis ganadgureba, magram Semdeg snaiperis tyvias emsxverpla da daiRupa skolis ezoSi. es 4 ofic-eri brZanebis gamo ki ar iyo Sesuli, vals ixdida samSoblos winaSe, es iyo maTi movaleoba, maTi sulisa da gulis tkivili...“

Turme ramdeni alali guli Zgerda. Turme Cvens Soris ram-deni gmiri dadioda. zustad imdeni, ramdenic brZolis velze daeca da kidev isini, vinc dResac dadian Cvens Soris – agvistoSi rom saqarT-velosTvis, CvenTvis ibrZodnen. vinc Cveni biWebis gmirobaze qirqilebs sakuTar, yoraniviT gaSavebul namuss ixexavs.

masala mowodebulia `praim-Taimi~-s mier

gmirebi

kidobani

#1 201010

heraRrubelTa miRma, sadac ver swvdeba

miwieri arsebis mzera, cisfer sivrceSi farSevangTa dasi mifrinavs. frTosanTa farTod gaSlil frTebs didebuli mze-heliosi nairferi sxivebiT anTebs. farSe-vangebi, zurmuxtisferi kisrebi rom exrebaT freniT, miaqroleben oqrocurvil etls. obobas qseliviT wminda sadaveebi xelT upyria cisartyelas - RvTaeba iriss. mas gverds umSvenebs kverTxs dayrdnobili qalRmerTi amayi mzeriT. mis moxdenil sxeuls brwyinvale samosi amSvenebs. Tavs varskvlavebis diadema adgas, xolo mzeraSi simkacre gamosWvivis. es heraa, zevsis meuRle. yovel cismare gadaufrens xolme igi Tavs im samyaros, romelsac Tavis sakuTrebad Tvlis.

hera, iseve rogorc zevsi, kronosisa da reas asulia. igi sxva SvilebTan erTad STanTqa mamam, romelsac uwinaswarmetyve-les, rom sakuTari naSieri waarTmevda samefo skiptras, magram gacxadda es misnoba. farulad aRzrdilma zevsma daamxo mamis Zalaufleba da kvlav mzis naTels daubruna Tavisi da-Zmani, maT Soris herac, romelic dedam titanTa brZolis dawyebamde gadamala Tavis mSoblebTan. qveynierebis dasalierSi, WaRara okeanosTan da teTisTan izrdeboda hera mSvid garemoSi.

herasa da zevsis qorwili

egisismpyrobelma zevsma okeanosis samflobeloSi ixila mSvenieri hera. mex-Tamtyorcnelis sulSi umal siyvarulma daisadgura. miuaxlovda qalwuls, xeli Seaxo da igrZno, rom isic trfobis sxiviT anTebuliyo. SeeuRla SroSanisxeleba RvTae-bas zevsi. amboben, maTi saidumlo siyvaruli samasi weli grZeldebodao. yovel Sexvedras maTTvis uzomo bedniereba mohqonda. maSin samyaro ivseboda naTeli sxiviT, SroSanebis idumali xma efineboda velebs da mind-vrebs, maleniavi - zefirosi ki zeTisxilis rtoebSi dumda, raTa aravis Seetyo, rom iq, qveynierebis dasalierSi, olimposis didi meufe heras etrfoda.

sxva gadmocemiT, roca zevsma Tvali mohkra mSvenier heras maSinve moewona da sxvadasxva xerxiT lamobda mis moxiblvas, magram amaod. bolos Wrel gugulad gar-

daisaxa da am saxiT moevlina xis CrdilSi dasasveneblad Camomjdar RvTaebas. qalwuls frinveli moewona, xelSi aiyvana da nazad miikra mkerdze. ar daayovna zevsma, umal miiRo Tavisi WeSmariti saxe da daimor-Cila. hera iZulebuli gaxda, rom colad gahyoloda.

RmerTebma Rirseulad izeimes maTi qorwili. irisma da qarisebma cisartyelas ferebiT gasxivosnebuli samosiT daamSvenes dedofali. heras zeciuri gvirgvinidan sak-virveli kululebi eSveboda. igi Tvalismom-Wreli iyo, roca ukvdavTa da mokvdavTa didi

meufis gverdiT dabrZanda oqros taxtze. RmerTebma didebuli saCuqrebi uboZes axal mbrZanebels. dedamiwis qalRmerTma geam heras uZRvna maradiuli siWabukis momniWebeli oqros vaSlebiT daxunZluli xe, romelic qveynierebis dasavleTiT, mwuxris nimfebis, hesperidebis baRSi xarobda. mas mravali aTasi weli darajobda marad fxizeli titani ladoni. didma aTenam heras uboZa sakuTari xeliT naqsovi didebuli mosasxami. zeimobdnen RmerTebi. mTeli samyaro adidebda meufe zevss da mis umSvenieres meuRles.

mas Semdeg mefobs maRal olimpoze diadi hera. misi brZanebiT faraven cas mrume Rrublebi; mrisxaneben da mSviddebian qartexilebi.

herac isjeba zevsi didi pativiT epyroba meuRles,

eTaTbireba da Tavis azrebs uziarebs, magram yovelTvis agrZnobinebs, rom sxva RmerTe-biviT mis nebas unda damorCildes. hera ki xSirad sargeblobs Tavisi uzenaesi ufle-bebiT da ufro mets iTxovs, vidre eniWeba. amis gamo meuRleTa Soris dava da SuRli warmoiSoba. didi mexTamtyorcneli mrisx-anebs da cols dasjiT emuqreba. am dros hera dums, risxvas gulSi imarxavs, radganac

axsovs, rogor dasaja igi erTxel zevsma.ai, ra moxda: heram, poseidonma, apolonma

da sxva olimpoelebma gadawyvites daesajaT zevsi qedmaRlobisaTvis. mZinares garsSemo-ertynen da ise SeboWes, rom ganZreva ver Se-Zleboda. ganrisxebuli zevsi maT sikvdiliT emuqreboda. meamboxe RmerTebi ki, romlebmac daumales mas elva da mexi, Seuracxmyofelad icinodnen. sanam isini gamarjvebas zeimobd-nen da windawin msjelobdnen imaze, Tu vin iqneboda taxtis memkvidre, nerevsis asulma Tetisma ganWvrita mosalodneli safrTxe olimpoze da gaemarTa asxela briareosis saZebrad. man malulad Semoiyvana sasaxleSi goliaTi, romelmac Tavisi mravali xeliT iolad gaaTavisufla zevsi. radgan swored hera idga SeTqmulTa saTaveSi, RmerTTa meufem igi yvelaze mkacrad dasaja: oqros uryevi jaWviT SeboWa, fexebze ori umZimesi grdemli miaba da casa da miwas Soris dakida. Tumca RmerTebi sulis siRrmemde SeZrulni iyvnen zevsis simkacriT, ver bedavdnen gamo-qomagebodnen heras. bolos zevsma ganucxada maT, rom gaaTavisuflebda meuRles Tuki Sehficavdnen, rom arasodes aRdgebodnen mis winaaRmdeg. RmerTebma aRasrules piroba. zevsma dasaja poseidoni da apoloni - mone-bad gagzavna mefe laomedonTan; danarCenebi ki Seiwynara, radgan darwmunda, rom iZulebiT ganudgnen mas.

amayi hera

heras Rrmad swamda, rom zecaTa de-dofali umSvenieresi unda yofiliyo. es kargad icodnen poetebma, amitom RvTaebis keTilganwyobis mosapoveblad ganadidebdnen misi mklavebis Tvalismom-Wrel sispetakes, moixseniebdnen rogorc ”SroSanismklavebas”L an K”xelqaTqaTas”; xotbas asxamdnen qalRmerTis Tvalebis siRrmesa da dabindul mzeras da uwodebd-nen K”xarisTvalebas”L, magram drodadro mrisxanebac eufleboda maRal RvTaebas.

igi umowyalod sjida yvelas, vinc mis pativmoyvareobas Selaxavda. ambebs seme-les, inos, proitosis qaliSvilebisa Tu sxvaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic heras Seurisxavs, momdevno nomrebSi waikiTxavT. troas omis ambavTa gadmocemisas ki Tqven SeityobT, rom brZolebis Jams hera aqavelebs uw-evda mfarvelobas da xSirad gamarjvebis saswors maT mxares xrida maSin, rodesac zevsi troelebs ufro swyalobda.

miTebi

kidobani

#1 2010 11

mistika

cxovreba sikvdilis

Semdeg ras aris sikvdili? es kiTxva Zalian seriozul damokidebulebas

iwvevs. SeiZleba yvelas garkveuli Sexeduleba hqondes, magram arian adamianebi, romlebmac pirispir gaicnes “sikvdili”. maTi monayoli ZiriTadad erTmaneTs hgavs.

erT-erTi qalbatoni yveba:“es fenomeni mZime mSobiarobis

dros gadavitane. bevri sisxli davkarge. eqims Cemi gadarCenis imedi aRar hqonda da axlob-lebs amcno, rom gardavicvale. am dros yuradRebiT vakvirdebodi yvelafers zemodan da SevamC-nie, rom oTaxSi iyvnen Cemi gardacvlili axloblebi - bebia, skolis amxanagi gogona, agreTve sxva naTesavebi, romlebic Zalian alersianad mepyrobodnen. sao-cari netareba meufleboda maT gverdiT. es iyo mSvenieri da didebuli sanaxaoba”.

zogierTebi yvebodnen, rogor uaxlovdebodnen raRacas, rac sxvadasxva monaTxrobSi gansxvave-buladaa aRwerili: wylis sivrce, nacrisferi nisli, karebi da Robe. modiT gavecnoT ramodenime naambobs:

“movkvdi gulis gaCerebiT da maSinve aRmovCndi mSvenier, mwvaned moxasxase velze. irgvliv yvelaferi gasaocar naTelSi iyo gaxveuli. Cems win davinaxe Robe, romelic mTel velze mie-marTeboda. wavedi iqiT da Robis meore mxares davinaxe Cemsken momavali adamiani. mindoda miv-suliyavi masTan, magram raRac uxilavi Zala ukan meweoda. is Sebrunda da TandaTan damSorda. amis Semdeg ukan davbrundi.”

yvelaze daujerebeli da Rrma STabeWdilebis momxdeni am adamianTa naambobidan aris Sexvedra kaSkaSa sinaTlesTan. dasawyisSi igi SedarebiT ufer-ulia, Semdeg TandaTan emateba naTeli da aRwevs aramiwier el-varebas, Tumca ar iwvevs Tvalebis tkivils. arcerTs ar Sehparvia

eWvi, rom es pirovnebaa. momakvdavi grZnobs rogor axvevs es arseba sxivebSi, rogor izidavs, rogor uCndeba saocari ltolva misken.

monaTxrobebSi sxvadasxvanair-ia am arsebis gaigiveba religiur personaJebTan. igi damokidebulia

im religiur garemoze, romelSic yalibdeboda pirovneba. aRzrdiT da rwmeniT qristiani Tvlis, rom manaTobeli arseba qristea. maT zogjer bibliuri teqstebic ki mohyavT sisworis dasturad. ebraelebi sinaTles angelozad racxaven, magram arcerTi rjulis warmomadgeneli ar aRniSnavs, rom manaTobel arsebas hqonda frTebi an ukravda qnarze, Tumca arc ada-mianis saxe da forma gaaCnda. ur-wmunoebi da religiisgan Sors mdgarni ubralod aRniSnavdnen, rom naxes “manaTobeli arseba”.

gamoCenis Semdeg “is” kon-taqtSi Sedis mis winaSe myof adamianTan.saubari midis azro-brivi formiT da bolomde gul-wrfelia. rasakvirvelia, azrTa gadmocema ar warmoebs pirovnebis mSobliur enaze, magram mas Sesan-iSnavad esmis Sinaarsi. kontaqti iwyeba “manaTobeli arsebisagan” wamosuli kiTxvebiT: “momzade-buli xar sikvdilisTvis?” “ra gaakeTe cxovrebaSi?” da a.S.

pirveli formulireba, romel-Sic xazgasmulia sikvdilisTvis

mzadyofna, erTi SexedviT gansx-vavebulia momdevnosagan, sadac aqcenti gakeTebulia imaze, Tu rogor gicxovria. yvela adas-turebs, rom kiTxva, romelic ismoda, emociurad JRerda. arc muqara, arc braldeba am kiTx-vebSi araa. miuxedavad pasuxis Sinaarsisa, isini sinaTlisgan mx-olod yovlismomcvel siyvaruls grZnobdnen.

sainteresoa am adamianebis damokidebuleba movlenebisadmi ukan dabrunebis momentSi. TiTqmis yvelas axsovs, rom sikvdilis pi-rvel wamebSi dominirebs sxeulSi dabrunebis dauokebeli survili da mwuxarebiT aRsavse gancdebi gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT, magram “gardacvlils” aRar surs sxeulSi dabruneba “manaTobel arsebasTan” Sexvedris Semdeg. es damokidebuleba Zalze paTeti-kurad gamoxata erTma mamakacma: “mindoda arasdros mimetovebina es arseba”.

ramodenime qali, romelTac patara Svilebi hyavdaT, mkv-levarebTan yvebodnen, rom iq darCena erCivnaT, magram grZnobd-nen ra valdebulebas Svilebis winaSe, iZulebulni iyvnen dab-runebodnen sxeulebs.

dabrunebis moments sxvadasx-vanairad aRweren. zogs axsovs, rom didi siCqariT mihqroda sakuTar sxeulSi da Sesvlisas grZnobda biZgebs:

” v i m yofebodi WerSi da iqidan vuTvalTvalebdi, rogor cdilobdnen medikosebi Cems gadarCenas. mas Semdeg, rac maT gulis eleqtro stimulacia daiwyes, sxeuli mkveTrad dai-krunCxa da uecrad TiTqos Cav-vardi masSi, rogorc usicocxlo sagani”.

miuxedavad am SemTxveveb-is arsebobisa, mainc rTulia sikvdilis fenomenis axsna, mis namdvil arsTan miaxloeba, magram dedabunebas win veravin aRudgeba – sabolood yvela sikvdilis Svilebi varT.

kidobani

#1 201012

“biTlzi” — 1960 wels Camo yalibebuli pop da rok-en-rol-jgufi liverpulidan musikis istoriaSi yvelaze warmatebul jgufad iTvleba dRemde. maTma nova torulma te-qnikam da gavlenam kulturaze Camoayaliba 1960-ianebis mim di-nareoba. jgufi, romelic Ziri-Tadad Sedgeboda jon lenonis (riTmuli gitara, vokali), pol makartnis (bas-gitara, vokali), jorj harisonisa (wamyvani gitara, vokali) da ringo starisgan (dasartymeli in-strumentebi, vokali), 1960-ian wlebis aSS-is musikaSi “bri-tanuli Semosevis” pioneri gax-da. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi sawyisi musikaluri stili 1950-iani wlebis rok-en-rolsa da adgilobriv skifls efuZne-boda, jgufis Semoqmedeba dro-Ta ganmavlobaSi gaswvda iseT Janrebs, rogoricaa tin-pen-eli da fsiqodeliuri roki. maTi Cacmis stili da gancxadebebi sazo gadoebisTvis modis mimar-Tulebis ganmsazRvreli iyo, xolo maTi mzardi socialuri aqtiuroba 1960-iani wlebis socialur da kulturul revo-luciebzec tovebs kvals. 1970 wels jgufis daSlis Sem-deg, TiToeulma wevrma solo kariera gaagrZela.

Seqmnis istoria

1957 wlis martSi, liver-pulSi, quori benkis skolaSi jon lenonma Camoayaliba ski-flis Semsrulebeli jgufi “quorimeni”. mis erT-erT kon-certze (uolton gardeni, wm. petres eklesia, 6 ivlisi, 1957) aRmoCnda pol makartni, ro-melic SeuerTda jgufs. 1958 wlis 6 Tebervals erT-erT koncerts daeswro axalgaz-

rda gitaristi jorj harisoni, romelic makartnim gaicno skolis avtobusSi. harisoni gaxda “quorimenis” mTavari gita risti 1958 wlis martSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom lenons ar moswonda hari sonis asaki - igi yvelaze umcrosi iyo.

momavali “biTlzis” Semad-gen loba nel-nela yalibde-boda. 1960 wlis ianvar-Si jgufSi movida lenonis megobari samxatvro saswav-leblidan, stiuart satklifi, romelic basgitaraze ukravda. lenonic da makartnic ukravd-nen riTmgitaraze da jgufma ramdenime drameri Secvala. quorimenma ramd enime saxeli gamoicvala - "Johnny and the Moondogs”, “Long John and the Beatles”, “The Silver Beetles” (es saxeli maT lari parnsma SesTa vaza). 1960 wlis agvis toSi maT “The Beetles” dairqves,xolo lari parn sTan erTad mcire turis Semdeg iqcnen ”biTl zad”.

1960 wlis maisSi jgufma kvlav moawyo mcire turi momReral joni jentlTan erTad. koleqtivs jer kidev ar hyavda musikosi, romelic daukravda dasartyam instru-mentebze . maT Tan xandaxan ukravda SedarebiT ufrosi tomi muri. Semdeg iyo norman Cepmeni. mis wasvlas daemTxva jgufis miwveva hamburgis klubebSi, am dros `biTlzma~ ar icoda, rogor moegvarebina dasart yamebis problema.

musikaluri gavlena

jon lenonma erTxel Tqva: "el-vis preslis STagonebiT daviwye Canawerebis SeZena. misi adrin-deli simRerebi Zalian momwonda. swored elvisis gamo davjeqi biT-musikaze".

hamburgi

1960 wlis 12 agvistos dain-iSna jgufis pirveli koncerti hamburgSi. saboloo kompro-misis Sedegad jgufSi movida pit besti. is jgufTan “The Blackjacks” ukravda “kasba”-s yavis klubSi, romlis mepatronec dedamisi, mona besti iyo. bestis daqiravebidan oTxi dRis Semdeg jgufi hamburgSi gaemgzavra. kon-certebi daiwyo “indra klub”-iT, 4 oqtombers gadainacvla kaizer kelerSi. jgufi yovel-dRe eqvs an Svid saaTs ukravda. imave wlis 21 noembers jorj harisoni depor tirebuli iqna, arasrulwlovanobis gamo. erTi kviris Semdeg igive sanqcia miiRes makartnisa da bestis winaaRmdeg, romlebmac sastumros nomerSi cecxli gaaCaRes. dekemberis Sua ricxvebSi lenonic dabrunda liverpulSi. hamburgSi darCa satklifi germanel sacolesTan, astrid kirxnerTan erTad. amaso-

baSi jgufma Caatara koncerti kasbas klubSi (satklifis mag-ivrad ukravda Ces niubi).

1961 wlis aprilSi “biTlzi” hamburgSi dabrunda da klubSi Top Ten daukra. aq maT gaicnes

“biTlzi”legendebi

kidobani

#1 2010 13

ad gilobrivi momRerali toni Seridani, romelmac maT damx-mare jgufad muSa oba SesTavaza. amasTan, “biTlzi” geg mavda al-bomis Caweras da mis gamo-cemas leiblzePPolydor Records. jguf ma xeli moawera kontraqts leiblTan da sul male gamoica Seridan/”biTlz”-is erToblivi singli “My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)”. firfitaze am duetis saxeli iyo “Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers”. am Canaweris aRmoCenis Sem deg jgufs Sexvda braian epstaini. swored maSin “biTlz”-is Sesaxeb pirvelad

daweres amerikul presaSi. daax-loebiT 1962 wlis dasawyisSi Jurnalma Cashbox axsena “My Bonnie”, rogorc axali rok-en-roluri gundis, Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers debiuti. singlis ramdenime asli gamovida leiblze Decca.am droisaTvis makartni bas-gitaraze gadaerTo.

mesame mogzauroba hamburgSi ganxorcielda 1962 wlis 13-31 aprils. isini ukravdnen klubSi Star. amas daemTxva samwuxaro am-bavi — satklifi tvinSi sisxlis Caqcevis Sedegad gardaicvala.

jgufis menejeri 1962 wlis ianvarSi epstaini gaxda, ris Semdegac sul male maT xeli moaweres kontraqts britanul kompaniasTan.

pirveli kontraqti

kompaniasTan Decca Records warumatebeli mcdelobis Semdeg epstaini oqsfordis quCaze mde-bare musikalur maRaziaSi Sevida, sadac igi Decca Records-ze Cawe-rili firebis diskebze gadatanas apirebda. iq inJinerma jim foim mas gaacno sid kolmeni, kompana EMI warmomadgeneli. demo firebis mos-menis Semdeg komenma epstains Ses-Tavaza firebis jorj martinTan mitana. misi TqmiT, es ukanaskneli “xalisian Cana werebze” muSaobda.

epstainma miakiTxa leibls Parlo­phone, romelic EMI-s erT-erTi gan Sto eba iyo. martinTan Sexve-dris Se degad “biTlz”-ma erT-wliani kont raqti miiRo. agreTve, 1962 wlis 6 ivnisisaTvis daigegma koleqtivis pirveli xmisCamweri sesia “ebi roud”-is studiaSi. martini ar iyo kmayofili demo CanaweriT, magram mas pirovnulad oTxeulis wevrebi moewona, mixvda, rom maT musi kaluri niWi hqondaT, Tumca, mogvi anebiT ramdenime inter-viuSi ganac xada, rom misTvis ufro mniSvne lovani maTi azrovneba da iumori iyo. male martins prob-lemebi gauCnda pit bestTan. man epstains SesTavaza pitis Semc-vleli musi kosis moZieba. bestma avad myofobis gamo gaacdina ram-

denime mosmena (sxvadasxva klubSi). masTan muSaobda sul ufro rTul-deboda, 16 agvistos bests ofi-cialurad daatovebines “biTlzi”. mis nacvlad ringo stars, jguf Rory Storm and the Hurricanes­is musikoss sTxoves droebiT dax-mareba. lenonis, makartnis, hari-sonisa da staris pirveli erTob-livi Cawera manamde 1960 wlis oqtombris Sua ricxvebSi Sedga ham burgSi. kontraqtis mixedviT, jgufis wevrebs garan tirebuli hqondaT TiTo peni TiTo euli gayiduli singlidan, romlis TiTo meoTxedic jgufis TiToeul wevrs Sexvdeboda. mogvianebiT, amas dae-mata britaneTis farglebs gareT gayidul sing lebidan Semosuli erTi pennaxevari, romelsac, Se-sabamisad, oTx na wilad iyofdnen. martini Tvlida, rom es saSineli kontraqti iyo. jgu fis pirvelma sesiam mniSvne lovani Sedegebi ar moitana, masalis didi nawili dausru lebeli iyo, Tumca swored am se si aze iqna Cawerili “Love Me Do”, romelic musikalur hit-aR lumebSi 17-e adgilze aRmoCnda. 1962 wlis 26 noembers maT Caweres meore singli “Please Please Me”, romel mac hit-aRlumSi me-2 adg-ils miaRwia, xolo gamocemis NME CartSi — 1-el ad gils. sami Tvis Tavze Caweril iqna pirveli albomi Please Please Me.

pirveli satelevizio gamo-Cena Sedga gadacemaSi “adamianebi

da adgilebi”, romelic pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda manCesteridan. biTlzis popularobasTan erTad izrdeboda mozardi gogonebis isteria romelsac mogvianebiT “bitlomania” uwodes.

gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi

legendebi

kidobani

#1 201014

avtoindustriis erT-erTi legenda, romelic dResac in-arCunebs msoflioSi lideris pozicias, daarsda 1896 wlis 3 dekembers qalaq aizenaxSi henrix erhardtis mier. Tavidan is miznad isaxavda samxedro avtomobilebis da velosi pedebis warmoebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom maSin qalaqSi xuTi msgavsi kompania arsebobda da konkurenciac maRali iyo. hen-rixs gakotreba eloda, erT dRes daimleris da bencis (“mersedesi”) motokompania rom ar enaxa, romel-ic imxanad mcire zomis, magram im periodisaTvis absoluturad arati piur, msubuq samoqalaqo avtomobilebs awarmoebda. nanaxma imdenad aRafrTovana henrixi, rom ganizraxa Tavadac gamoeSva msgavsi manqanebi gansxvavebuli dizainiT da SesaZleblobebiT. am SemTxvevaSi misi kompania ufro konkurentu-nariani gaxdeboda.

erhardtma gadawyvita licenzia frangebisgan eyida, radgan amasTan dakavSirebiT sakuTar qveyanaSi bi-urokratiuli problemebi Seeqmna. avtomobils uwoda K“vartburgis motorizebuli etli”, xolo kom-panias –”diukavili”.L ase daiwyo “BMW”-s istoria. pirvelma mod-elma, romelic franguli licen-ziiT aigo, henrixis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, radgan manqanaze fran-guli gavlena igrZnoboda. am mizeziT

man uari ganacxada avtogamofenaze gasuliyo da iq mxolod ori wlis mere, 1898 wels gaemgzavra. qalaq di-useldorfSi manqanam iseTi mowoneba daimsaxura eqspertebisagan, rom maS-inve miuCines adgili iseTi brendebis gverdiT, rogorebic “daimleri”, “benci”, “opeli” da “diurkopomi” iyvnen. es udavod didi aRiareba iyo, Tumca ara ukanaskneli.

zustad erTi wlis Tavze er-hardtis motorizebulma etlma gaima-rjva im droisaTvis yvelaze cnobil or avtoraliSi - “drezdeni-berlini” da “aexeni-boni”. aman saTave daudo im warmatebebs, romelmac mas oci medali da “yvelaze eleganturis” tituli moutana.

samwuxarod, K”vartburgis”L war-mateba ekonomikurma krizisma Seaferxa, romelic evropaSi 1903 wels daiwyo. moxda warmoebis Semcireba, ris gamoc erhardti xelfasebs veRar uxdida muSebs da bankis valebsac ver fara-vda. man moiwvia aqcionerTa kreba, romelzec Tavi bankrotad gamoacxada.

erT dilas henrixs saxlSi ewvia erT-erTi yofili aqcioneri, birJis makleri iakob Sapiro, romelic Zalian

ganicdida misi kompaniis gakotrebas. man ganacxada, rom kavSiri hqonda in-glisur saavtomobilo kompaniasTan birmingemSi. iq iwyoboda avtomobili K”ostin 7”, romelsac “inglisur saswauls” uwodebdnen. Sapiro dax-

marebas dahpirda erhardts 30%-iani wilis sanacvlod. arCevanis gareSe darCenili henrixi daTanxmda. maT SeiZines licenzia da erToblivad gamouSves K”ostinis”L pirveli germanuli varianti. unda aRiniS-nos, rom ingliselebis axirebis

gamo, pirvel modelebs saWe mar-jvena mxares hqondaT. manqana imde-nad popularuli gaxda germaniaSi, rom 1904-1929 wlebSi qarxanam gamouSva da gayida 15 822 avto-mobili.

warmatebis miuxedavad, er-hardti xvdeboda, rom inglisur firmas uwevda popularizacias. igi cdilobda yvelasgan damouk-ideblad aewyo manqana da Tavisi saxeliT gaeyida. 1927 wlidan henrixma sakuTari finansebiT daiwyo qarxnis aSeneba. Semosav-lis 80%-s warmoebis gamarTvaSi debda da 1929 wels gamouSva axali modeli K”diqsi 3/15 ps”.L am komfortul da Zlier manqanas SeeZlo ganeviTarebina 75 km. saaTSi, rac sxva avtomobilebisaTvis warmoudgeneli iyo. henrixma mas sakmaod didi fasi, 3 000 marka daado. aman odnavadac ar Seaferxa realizacia. erT weliwadSi 9 000 avtomobili gaiyida.

am warmatebuli seriis Semdeg erhardts ewvia aviakonstruqtori karl fridrix rappi, romelic oc-nebobda iseTi saaviacio motoris Seqmnaze, romlis saSualebiTac TviTmfrinavebi ufro maRla da swrafad ifrendnen. am kuTxiT “diqsis” Zravi namdvili aRmoCena iyo. man henrixs SesTavaza erTo-blivi warmoebis gaxsna, Tumca maTi interesebi ar daemTxva, radgan erhardti skeptikurad uyurebda aviaciis momavals. Mmiuxedavad amisa, man Seatyo axalgazrda kon-struqtors mondomeba da uangarod gadasca “diqsis” Zravi.

1912 wels rappma imperiis saerTa Soriso saaviacio gamofenaze gaiyvana Tavisi awyobili TviTm-frinavi, Tumca es mcdeloba abso-luturi kraxiT dasrulda, radgan TviTmfrinavma saerTod ver SeZlo afrena. konstruqtori mainc ar danebda da 1914 wels gaZlierebu-li ZraviT(simZlavre iyo 125 cx-enis Zala) TviTmfrinavma pirveli gafrena warmatebiT Seasrula. amave dros daiwyo pirveli msoflio omi da germaniis mTavrobam rapps

BMW-s

istoria

brendebi

kidobani

#1 2010 15

TviTmfrinavebis didi partia Seu-kveTa. Mman umokles droSi aago 20 TviTmfrinavi, Tumca mTavrobam maT Sesyidvaze uari ganacxada im mizeziT, rom Zravebi iyo Zalian xmauriani, hqonda didi vibracia, rac mfrinavebs diskomforts uqm-nida da xangrZlivi frena praqti-kulad gamoricxuli iyo.

proeqtis warumateblobam rappi katastrofis winaSe daayena, magram 1916 wels man daaarsa axali kompa-nia saxelwodebiT “bavariis saavia-cio qarxana” da daiwyo sponsoris Zebna. am periodSi man gaicno banki-ri kamilo kastilioni, romelmac rappisgan SeiZina 50%-iani wili da Cado warmoudgeneli odenobis investicia, TiTqmis naxevari mil-ioni marka. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvelanairi piroba iyo Seqmnili, rappma mainc ver SeZlo srulyo-fili TviTmfrinavis ageba. misi sijiutis gamo kompania kraxisTvis iyo ganwiruli. kamilom axali partniorebis Zebna daiwyo. man kom-paniaSi moiwvia franc iozef popa - gadamdgari leitenanti, romel-sac hqonda umaRlesi sainJinro ganaTleba, magram praqtikuli gamocdileba ar gaaCnda. is sawar-moSi misvliTanave mixvda, rom yve-lafris Tavidan dawyeba mouwevda. gaiazra ra amxela pasuxismgebloba, man kompaniaSi samuSaod mouxmo genialur inJiners maqs frics, romelic “daimleridan” mxolod imitom wamosuliyo, rom kompanias misi moTxovna, xelfasis momatebis Taobaze, ar daukmayofilebia. rom ara es SemTxveva, “BMW”-s istoria sxvagvarad ganviTardeboda.

frici namdvili profesional-iviT Seudga saqmes. man uari Tqva yvela Zvel sainJinro konstruq-ciaze. aman rappis gaRizianeba gamoiwvia. igi jiutad moiTxovda maqsis samsaxuridan gaSvebas, rac, ra Tqma unda, ar iqna dakmayofilebuli aqcionerebis mier. piriqiT, mas Tavad mouwia wasvla gauTavebeli warumateblobebis gamo. miuxedavad amisa, damkveTebi mainc undoblobas ucxadebdnen kompanias. aqcionerebma,

1917 wlis 21 ivliss q. miunxenSi is axali saxelwodebiT daareg-istrires –K”bavariis motorebis qarxana”, romlis Semoklebuli variantia “BMW”.

axalma kompaniam maqs fricis xelmZRvanelobiT daiwyo abso-luturad axali Taobis Zravebis gamoSveba. yvela eqsperimentma

warmatebiT Caiara. saWiro iyo mxolod Zravis TviTmfrinavze damagreba, kargi pilotis moZebna da saCvenebeli gafrenis mowyoba, magram im periodSi Ggermaniam marcxi ganicada pirvel msoflio omSi. man xeli moawera versalis xelSekrulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac ekrZaleboda samxedro frenebis ganxorcieleba. igi aseve garicx-uli iqna aviaciis saerTaSoriso federaciidan. yovelive amis miuxe-davad, fricma bankir kastilion-isagan miiRo nebarTva faruli sacdeli gafrenis Catarebis Tao-baze. maT moiwvies umaRlesi kla-sis piloti zeno dimeri, romelmac aramarto warmatebulad Seasrula eqsperimenti, aramed, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRemde mouxsneli rekordi daamyara. 1913 wlis 9 ivniss man 87 wuTi ifrina da 9 760 metrze avida, Tumca zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo es fantastikuri gafrena oficialurad ver dareg-istrirda.

radganac im periodisTvis ger-

manias ar hqonda samxedro aviapark-is yolis ufleba, amitom “BMW” kvlav daubrunda saavtomobilo bazars. am SemTxvevaSi maTi ori-entiri mcire moculobis Zravebia, romlebic gankuTvnili iyo msubuqi manqanebisa da motoebisTvis. da ai, 1923 wels berlinisa da parizis saavtomobilo gamofenaze pirve-

lad avto-moto industriis isto-riaSi pirveli adgili aiRo moto-ciklma, romelic swored “BMW”-s R-32 ZraviT iyo aRWurvili. igi eqspertebma da Jurnalistebma nam-dvil sensaciad monaTles.

Semdegi eqvsi wlis ganmavlo-baSi “BMW”-m sabolood gaimyara poziciebi avtomobilebis, moto-ciklebis da saaviacio Zravebis warmoebis mimarTulebiT. 1929 wels “BMW”-s konstruqtorebma ukve TviTon aawyves manqana da gaiyvanes saerTaSoriso ral-ize, sadac moipoves alpiis Tasi. aRniSnul raliSi monawileobda 3 mrboleli: maqs baxneri, al-bert kandti da vilhelm vagneri. maT iseTi siswrafe da manevrebi ganaxorcieles, rom JurnalSi “motori da sporti” es movlena aseTi saTauriT daibeWda: ““BMW” – manqana, romlis marTva mxolod azrian mZRols SeuZlia, cudi mZ-RolisTvis ki zedmeti tvirTia”.L es fraza dResac popularulia avtomoyvarulebs Soris.

gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi

brendebi

kidobani

#1 201016

iciT Tu

ara rom...1. safrangeTSi da kalifor-

niaSi 18 wlamde akrZalulia mzis abazanebi.

2. amerikaSi daSvebulia mosamarTlem gamoiZaxos ZaRli mowmed.

3. “Reastaurant” aris sityva, romelsac yvelaze xSirad weren SecdomiT saZiebo sistemebSi.

4. mobiluri telefonis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa 75 kilo-grami daumuSavebeli masala.

5. pablo pikasos sruli sax-eli iyo pablito Ddiego xose santiago francisko de Ppaula xuan epomuceno krispin krispini-ano de los remedios cipriano de la santisima Trinidad ruiz Blasko pikaso lopesi.

6. cifri “0” gamoigones indoeTSi mexuTe saukuneSi, ma-Sin, rodesac evropaSi romauli cifrebi gamoiyeneboda da Zalian uZneldebodaT angariSi.

7. “Volks-Wagen” niSnavs xalxis manqanas da mis Seqmnas xeli Seuwyo adolf hitlerma. am markis manqanebs Tavidan ewode-boda “Beetle”.

8. havauri enis anbanSi mxolod 12 asoa: a, e, i, o, u, h, k, l, m, n, p da w.

9. londonis dakarguli nivTebis biuroSi inaxeba 11 000 safule, 10 500 sakredito baraTi, 15 000 qolga, 13 000 qudi, 11 000 mobiluri telefoni… da a.S.

10. samxreT afrikaSi binad-robs ZuZumwovari pangolini, romelsac kuWi kbilebSi aqvs.

11. dedamiwaze mcxovrebi cocxali organizmebis 70%-s baqteriebi Seadgenen..

12. lokokinas daaxloebiT 25 000 kbili aqvs.

13. farSevangis kvercxis mosaxarSad saWiroa 4 saaTi.

14. spilo erTaderTi cxove-

lia, romelsac 4 muxli aqvs.15. daniaSi manqaniT gaseirnebis

msurvelma unda icodes, rom sanam manqanas daqoqavs, manamde unda Seamowmos muxruWebi, maSuqebi, daasignalos, Semdeg ki gadmovides manqanidan da mis qveS Seixedos. roca darwmundeba rom manqanis qveS bavSvebi ar TamaSoben Seu-Zlia daZras avtomobili.

16. singapurSi sazogadoebriv tualetSi Tu moisaqme da ar Carecxe 200-dan 1000 singapu-rul dolaramde dajarimdebi.

17. avstraliaSi mxolod sertificirebul eleqtroSemkeT-ebels SeuZlia naTuris Secvla. kanondamrRvevi 10 girvanqiT jarimdeba.

18. paragvaiSi dueli akr-

Zalulia, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac duelantebs TavianTi sx-eulis nawilebi saavadmyofosTvis an rame sxva samedicino dawese-bulebisTvis aqvs naanderZevi.

19. texasis StatSi moqme-debs kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac borotmoqmedi valdebulia 24 saaTiT adre acnobos werilobiT an sityvierad momaval msxverpls Tavisi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, SetyobinebaSi aRwerili unda iyos danaSaulis detalebi.

20. niu-jersis StatSi ikr-Zaleba manqanis avzSi sawvavis da-moukideblad Casxma da Tevzaobis dros qsova.

21. qalaq mobilSi sastikad ikrZaleba sazogadoebrivi TavSey-ris adgilebSi mgeliviT ymuili.

22. qalaq sant-luisSi mex-anZreebs ekrZalebaT SiSveli an Ramis perangiT Semosili man-dilosnebis gadarCena.

23. indianas StatSi oqtom-bris Tvidan aprilamde akr-Zalulia abazanaSi banaoba.

24. SvedeTSi mkacrad aris gan-sazRvruli sad SeiZleba gulis areva da sad ara.

25. SotlandiaSi moqalaqe valdebulia yvelas gauRos sax-lis kari, vinc Ramis qoTniT sargeblobas iTxovs.

26. inglisSi mamakacs ufleba aqvs xalxis Tvalwin moSardos, Tu am dros marjvena xeli man-qanaze udevs da Sardi am manqanis ukana borbliskenaa mimarTuli.

did britaneTSi aseve ikr-Zaleba: sawolis fanjaraze Camok-ideba da 25 dekembers tkbili Rvezelis Wama.

27. safrangeTSi cxovelisTvis napoleonis darqmeva kanoniT isjeba.

28. qalaq torontoSi (kanada), kongis quCaze akrZalulia kvira dRes cxenis leSis gadaTreva.

29.Txunelas erT RameSi Seu-Zlia 91 metriani gvirabis gaTxra.

30. tarakanas SeuZlia icocx-los ramdenime kvira uTavod. is ubralod SimSiliT kvdeba.

31. zRarbis guli saSualod cems 300-jer wamSi.

32.Citi kolibri iwonis 5 TeTrianze naklebs.

33.xarebi ver arCeven ferebs. Sesabamisad, ar aqvs mniSnveloba matadoris “droSis” fers.

34.aqlems aqvs sami fena qu-TuTo qviSisgan Tavis dasacavad.

35.cxviris anabeWdebi gamoiyen-eba ZaRlebis amosacnobad.

36.weliwadSi daaxloebiT 10,000 Citi kvdeba fanjrebze SejaxebiT.

37. “The Beatles”- is simRereb-Si sityva "siyvaruli" 613-jeraa gamoyenebuli.

kaleidoskopi

#1 2010 17

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

s a T a v e e b is a T a v e e b imamuka

nacvalaZis

saavtoro-

SemecnebiTi

bloki

Tqvens winaSea saavtoro-SemecnebiTi blokis `saTaveebis~ pirveli nomeri, romlis mizania sazogadoebas gaacnos qarTuli kulturisa da istoriis ucnobi epizodebi, fragmentebi saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriidan, sxvadasxva TavSesaqcevi ambebi, rac Cvens Tanamoqalaqeebs nihilisturi ganwyobebis daZlevaSi daexmareba.

Tu Tvals gavadevnebT saukuneTa siRrmes, cxadi gaxdeba, rom mxolod erovnuli idealebi, erovnuli fesvebi iyo erTaderTi myari sayrdeni nebismieri qveynis ganviTarebis winapiroba. gamonaklisi arc saqarTve-loa, erovnuli TviTSegneba gaxldaT Cveni istoriisa da kulturis gadarCenis Tavi da Tavi.

amgvari ganwyobiTa da rwmeniT gTavazobT Cveni saavtoro-SemecnebiTi blokis `saTaveebis~ pirvel nomers, sadac bevr sagulisxmo da sain-tereso masalas SexvdebiT.

mamuka nacvalaZe

ramdenime sityva mkiTxvels

anu ratom ara aqvs alternativa ilias gzas

roca RmerTebic ki tirian

saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefe

da ukverTxo patriarqi

`balada jariskacis dedaze~, damaluli samkuTxa baraTebi da bebos moyolili Zilispiruli ambebi...

ucnobi epizodebi qarTuli estradis klasikosisgiorgi cabaZis cxovrebidan

ambavi miTridates urwmuno

SviliSvilisa, qristes kvarTisa da

`podriadCiki~ xeCo darCilovisa

sakraluri gza armazidan sveticxovlamde

#1 201018

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

Sexvedra, romelsac napoleonis bedis Semotrialeba SeeZlo

erTxel napoleonTan audiencia iTxova cnobilma amerikelma gamomgonebelma robert fultonma, romelmac Seqmna pirveli Tvliani xomaldis proeqti. mecnierma Tavisi aRmoCenis Sesaxeb mouTxro imperators da Tanadgoma sTxova, Tumca...

mematiane arafers gvauwyebs, cud gunebaze gaxldaT napoleoni, vinmeze ganawyenebuli iyo, Tu ubralod TvalSi ar mouvida ful-toni. faqti ki isaa, rom sastiki uari st-kica - eg sisulele SenTvis Seinaxe, RmerTma mSvidobaSi mogaxmaroso...

gagulisebul fultons axali motivacia mieca. mtkiced gadawyvita safrangeTi dae-tovebina, magram manamde Tavad unda daemt-kicebina, rom misi naazrevi aranairi qimera ar gaxldaT...

sul male, parizSi, senaze moewyo saxalxo sanaxaoba, sadac fultonma sazogadoebas pirveli orTqlisZraviani gemi warudgina. misi siCqare saaTSi 7,5 kilometri gaxldaT. amas mohyva isic, rom warmatebuli aRmoCnda fultonis gamogonebuli mcuravi naRmisa da wyalqveSa navis `nautilusis~ gamocdac... Tavisi saqme rom moTavebulad CaTvala, ful-tonma Sinagani kmayofilebiT datova evropa da samSoblos, amerikas daubrunda...

gavida wlebi, napoleonis cxovrebaSi daRmarTis xana dadga, wminda elenes kunZulze mihyavdaT evropis erT-erTi gamorCeuli triumfatori. bedis ironia ki is gaxldaT, rom am dros bonapartma SeniSna zRvaSi didi siCqariT moZravi amerikuli gemi. swored maSin gaifiqra - aseTi gemi rom myoloda, Cemi bedi sxvagvarad warimarTebodao. maSin gaaxsenda is uxeSi pasuxi, riTac cnobili gamomgonebeli gaistumra. inana, magram ukve gviani iyo TiTze kbenani...

warmarTobidan qristianobamde

ambavi miTridates urwmuno SviliSvilisa,

qristes kvarTisa da `podriadCiki~ xeCo

darCilovisasakraluri gza armazidan sveticxovlamde

Tavad taZari ganuzomel esTe-

tikur siamovnebas aniWebs mnaxvels. fasadis samSeneblo qvaTa siWrele ganumeorebel silamazes sZens Zegls. sveticxovlisTvis ̀ Tvalis Sevleba yvela droSi sanukvaria, - brZanebs konstantine gamsaxurdia, - diliT xvlikisferia igi, mouRalavi mziT gaSuqebuli, SeRamebisas oqrocur-vilia, xolo mwuxris Semodgomisas, Tu varskvlavianma camac daadga Tvali, cas mieWreba mrume harmoniiT aRvsili xazebis zeswrafva.~

saqaravno gzaze mdebare qalaqi Tavidanve ipyrobda mogzaurTa yu-radRebas. ganumeorebeli landSafti, SesaniSnavi xedebi, mSvidad molas-lase mtkvars SeerTebuli aboboq-rebuli aragvi xiblavda mtersa Tu moyvares.

gaqristianebamde mcxeTas qveynis sulieri centris funqcia eniWeboda. aq iyo aRmarTuli warmarTuli RvTaebebi: armazi, zadeni, gaci, gaimi, anina, danina, afrodite...

Sesabamisad, es adgili odiTganve mdidari gaxldaT sakulto nagebo-bebiT. qarTuli samyaros ganumeore-beli xibli imaSic mdgomareobs, rom warmarTuli RvTaebebi Tavad Seicav-dnen im Tvisebebs, SemdgomSi qristia-nulma religiam rom iqadaga. amis gamo iyo, rom sxva qveynisgan gans-xvavebiT, CvenTan ar momxdara erTi kulturis sruli ganadgureba da mis adgilze meore, gansxva-vebuli xasiaTis kulturis danergva.

qarTuli warmarTuli pan-Teoni, is tradicia, rac

mtkvrisa da aragvis SesarTavTan mdebare sveticxovels Tavisi arsebobis pirvelive dRidan gamorCeuli funqcia daekisra. saqarTvelos istoriis utyvi mowme TviTmxilvelia udidesi qartexilebisa. iyo Jami amaRlebisa da Jami dacemisa, Jami glovisa da Jami sixarulisa... sacnauri ki is gaxldaT, rom yovelTvis amayad da Rirseulad idga xuroTmoZRvar arsakiZis naSeni qvaSi amRerebuli qarTuli suli.

suli ki marTlac didi aqvs sveticxovels - qristes kvarTis gverdiT araerTma mefem hpova samudamo gansasvenebeli - vaxtang gorgasalidan dawyebuli meoce saukunis ugvirgvino mefiT - petre gruzinskiT damTavrebuli. aq xdeboda qarTvel mefeTa da patriarqTa kurTxeva. es taZari aramarto sulierad amaRlebda qarTvelT, aramed fizikuradac icavda gansacdelisgan. mterTa Semosevis Jams taZari mosaxleobis gadarCenis saSualebac iyo, kargad mowyobil samalavebSi mravlad eteodnen mtersgaridebuli qalebi da bavSvebi.

sveticxoveli qarTuli mwignobrobis kerac gaxldaT, umdidresi biblioTeka amis dasturia. samwuxarod, Temur lengis Semosevebs ver gadaurCa udidesi saganZuri.

#1 2010 19

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

rogor aRmoCnda sikvdilis molodinSi myofi klavdiusi

imperatoris taxtzeaxali welTaRricxvis 41 wels romSi kal-

igula mokles. misi naTesavebidan cocxali mx-olod biZa klavdiusi gadarCa, romelic fardis iqiT damaluli elodeboda sikvdils, magram... preto-rianelebma misTvis moulodnelad xelSi aitaces, taxtze dasves, romis quCebSi Camoatares da mosaxleobas axali imperatoris zeobis daw-yeba amcnes.

es iyo istoriis farsi. klavdiusi fizikurad gamorCeulad maxinji gaxldaT, susti fexebiT da

uzarmazari taniT, moxrili, viwro mxrebiTa da didi moqanave TaviT mud-mivad dacinvis sagani iyo. es kidev araferi, Wkuanakluladac Tvlidnen da maRal sazogadoebaSi gamoCenasac ki ukrZalavdnen. ise, arc Tavad gamoudia Tavi maincdamainc - ginda Tu ara romis rCeul sazogadoebaSi unda vitrialoo. ijda TavisTvis da Jins mwerlobaSi iqarvebda. sxva-TaSoris, arcTu saxumaro Temebs iyo SeWidebuli - dawera `etruskebis istoria~, ̀ romis respublikis istoria~, amas ̀ avtobiografiac~ miayola...

q r i st e md e aT eulob iT s aukun i s g a n m a vlob aS i

arsebobda, transformirda qris-tianul tradiciad, romliTac bolo ori aTeuli saukunea saqarTvelos sulieri misia ganisazRvra.

ambavi qristes jvarcmis TviTmxilveli elioz

mcxeTelisa matiane mogviTxrobs rogor gaem-

gzavrnen ebraelebi - elioz mcxeTe-li da longinoz karsneli ierusa-limSi qristes jvarcmisas, rogor evedreboda sakuTar Svils ela - ar daedo codva da ar mieRo qristes dasjaSi monawileoba. legenda mog-viTxrobs rogor ugrZvnia eliozis dedas qristes sxeulze lursmnebis daWedebisas tkivili... erTi sityviT, daswrebia mcxeTeli eliozi qristes jvarcmas, ganucdia uflis amqvey-niuri tanjva-wameba, mimxvdara ka-cobriobis umniSvnelovanesi epizo-dis momswre rom iyo da ganuzraxavs amis damadasturebeli raime reliq-via egdo xelT. erTi versiiT, eliozi aqtiurad CaerTo qristes samosis ganawilebisas, kvarTze wili rom yares, swored mas gauRima bedma, meore versiiT, romaeli jariska-cebisgan SeuZenia reliqvia eliozs da mcxeTas wamouRia.

sataxto qalaqSi Semosuls saku-Tari da sidonia Segebebia, romel-sac ugvrZvnia ra siwminde moqonda mis Zmas, gamourTmevia, gulSi Cauk-ravs da mRelvarebisgan suli ganu-tevia.

ra vnebaTaRelva gamoiwvia qristes kvarTma qarTlis

samefo taxtze kvarTi qarTlis mefe aderkis,

igive miTridate pirvels moswonebia, mas moundomebia sidoniasgan daexsna wminda reliqvia, magram miuxedavad didi mcdelobisa, veraferi mou-xerxebiaT, amitomac daukrZalavT sidonia qristes kvarTTan erTad.

risgan iyo moqsovili qristes kvarTi, aravin uwyis. mTavari isaa, rom am samosma RrubeliviT Seiwova qristes ofli, sisxli da cremli, macxovarma rom daRvara kacTa modgmis xsnisaTvis. albaT amitomac iyo, rom kvarTTan erTad dak-rZaluli sidonias saflavze didi naZvis xe amosula, sacnauri ki is

gaxldaT, rom am naZvis qveS zamTar-zafxul Tvalwarmtaci yvavilebi xarobda Turme.

didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo es saflavi mcxeTelebisTvis wminda-Tawminda adgili, tradiciadac qceula iq misvla da kvarTisTvis Tayvaniscema. es arc iyo gasakviri, radganac qarTlis dedaqalaqSi qristes rjulis mimdevarni am ambis Semdeg sakmaod momravlebulan.

rogorc Cans, qristes kvarTis Tema sidonias dakrZalvis Semdegac aqtualurad ganixileboda qarTlis samefo karze, albaT amitomac

gadawyvita aderkis SviliSvilma mefe armazelma kidev erTxel ecada bedi da sanukvari reliqvia xelT egdo. daiwyes kidec sidonias saf-lavis gaTxra, Tumca, maleve SeeSvnen, mizezi ki is gaxldaT, rom mefe armazeli dabrmavda.

ar eniSnaT kargad es faqti qarTlis samefo karze. amas is Sedegi mohyva, rom sidonias gansasvenebeli axla ukve sabo-lood aRiares wmindaTawminda adgi-lad.

ambavi `sueti

#1 201020

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

meetle akademikosadmecxramete saukunis 20-ian

wlebSi, ruseTSi imperator ale-qsandre pirvelis mmarTve-lobi-sas samxatvro akademiis prezi-dents azrad mouvida sapa-tio wevrad grafi aleqsi andrias Ze araqCevi aerCia, romelic uaR-resad reaqciuli pirovneba gax-ldaT. mis saxelTanaa dakavSi-rebuli samxedro dabebis Seqmna, romelic moaswavebda ruseTis samxedro saxelmwifod gadaqce-

vas. araqCevis ocneba iyo ruseTi yazarmuli saxelmwifo yofiliyo, rac, bunebrivia, sazogadoebis mowinave nawilSi sakmao ukmayofilebas iwvevda. amitomac bunebrvia, aseTi pirovnebis garevas samxatvro akademiis wevrTa Soris ukmayofileba mohyva. gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda akademiis mdivani labzini, romelmac am iniciativis moTaves, akademiis prezidents hkiTxa, Tu riT daimsaxura araqCevma aseTi pativi, ra argo Tavisi moRvaweobiT saxviT xelovnebas. pasuxi sakmaod martivi gaxldaT - araqCevi mefesTan daaxlovebuli piria.

aseTma mliqvnelurma damokidebulebam aRaSfoTa labzini da sarkas-tuli toniT ganucxada akademiis prezidents: Tuki mefesTan siaxlove sababia imisaTvis, rom araqCevi samxatvro akademiis sapatio wevri iyos, maSin winadadeba Semomaqvs akademikosad avirCioT mefis meetle ilia baikovi, romelic araTu mefesTan daaxlovebuli piria, aramed mis win wamoskupebulao...

cota xnis Semdeg, roca reaqcia ruseTSi kidev ufro gaZlierda, araqCevma gauxsena labzins es naTqvami, yuriT moTreuli mizeziT ga-dasaxleba gamoutana verdiqtad da sibirskSi ukra Tavi...

cxovelis~”” saswaulebisa

rodesac qristes rjuli saxelm-wifo religiad gamocxadda, 326 wels kabadokieli wminda ninos rCeviT mirian mefes `samefo WalaSi~, sidonias saflavze, qristes kvarTis adgilas augia xis mcire taZari. Tavdapirvelad mouWriaT didi naZvi da misgan Svidi sveti gamouTliaT. eqvsi sveti iolad aRumarTavT, meSvide ki miwas ar mihkarebia, haerSi Camokidebuli ucnaur, sasiamovno surnels gamoscemda Turme, saswauli ki is gaxldaT, rom svets Ziridan mironi sdioda, mironi, romelic yvelafers kurnavda. xalxma am svets “sueti cxoveli” Searqva, es iyo sveti, romelic davrdomils da SeW-irvebuls axal sicocxles aniWebda. taZarsac amitom daerqva es saxeli.

gadmocemis mixedviT am saswaulma mTeli qarTli SesZra. yvela modi-

oda svetTan da Semdeg veRar Sorde-boda, radganac Tavadac grZnobda im saocar muxts, riTac es wminda adgili izidavda sulier arsebebs. saswaulebi ki erTimeoreze miyole-biT xdeboda. jer dabadebidan brma ymawvilisTvis auxelia Tvali, Semdeg sawols mijaWvuli yrma sefewuli amazaspani dauyenebia fexze. movle-naTa ganviTarebis apogea ki gaxldaT micvalebuli yrmis gacocxleba. RmerTs Seusmenia mSoblebis xvewna-mudara, gaucocxlebia maTi axlad-micvalebuli pirmSo, romelic wamom-dgara Tu ara, maSinve uTqvams sve-ticxovelTan wamiyvaneT, swored man damabruna saaqaoSio...

amgvarma konkretulma istoriebma kidev ufro ganumtkica svet-icxovels yovlisSemZleobis saxeli. mefe mirianma svets xis saburveli Semoaxvia, xolo misma Svilma revim, imis gamo rom sveticxovlis sabur-veli ar gaeZarcvaT ukeTurT, mis

garSemo qviTkiris kedeli aago.

rogor iqca sveticxoveli qarTuli eklesiis

avtokefaliis simbolod mexuTe saukune qarTuli ekle-

siisTvis gamorCeuli periodia. swored aqedan iwyeba misi damou-kidebloba. es is xanaa, qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia rom moipova, qarTuli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli adre Tu antioqiis sapatriarqos eqvemdebareoda, axla Tavad unda yofiliyo sakuTari sve-bedis ganmkargavi.

mcxeTa xdeba sapatriarqos rezi-dencia. amavdroulad is warm-oadgenda mTeli kavkasiis qris-tianul centrs da es realoba Sesabamisad unda asaxuliyo arqi-teqturaSic. xis patara eklesia ukve veRar akmayofilebda qarTuli eklesiis moZalebul ambiciebs, amitomac vaxtang gorgasalma mis adgilas mexuTe saukunis miwuruls mociqulTa saxelze aago samnaviani qvis bazilika, romelic zomebiT sakmaod aRemateboda imxanad arsebul bazilikebs - wilkans, bolniss, xaSms. samwuxarod, vaxtangis bazili-kuri arqiteqturis arcerTi nimuSi dRevandelobas ar SemorCa. sveticxovelis vaxtangise-uli varianti ki TandaTanobiT daS-lila da meTerTmete saukunisTvis saWiro gamxdara misi gadakeTeba.

ra saidumlos inaxavs

arsakiZis moWrili xeli

#1 2010 21

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

ratom dascinoda klavdiusi sakuTar imperatorobas

moulodnelad imperatoris taxtze aR-moCenili klavdiusi veraferma Secvala. Cveuleba rjulze umtkicesiao, naTqvamia da romis axali imperatoric mentalurad igive darCa. gansakuTrebiT sasacilo iyo romis forumis sasamarTlo sxdomisas, mniS-vnelovani saqmis garkvevisas rom CaeZi-neboda xolme. klavdiusis xvrinva homerul xarxars iwvevda damswre sazogadoebaSi. amaze arc Tavad klavdiusi brazobda, xSirad Tavadve dascinoda

sakuTar imperatorobas.

1010 wels erTiani saqarTvelos

pirvelma mefem, bagrat mesamem daiwyo Tormeti mociqulis saxelze grandi-ozuli monastris mSenebloba, rome-lic misma Svilma giorgi pirvelma gaagrZela da SviliSvilma bagrat meoTxem daasrula 1029 wels.

melqisedek kaTalikosis xel-mZRvanelobiT dawyebula es gran-diozuli saqme, xuroTmoZRvrad ar-sakiZe mouwveviaT, Semdeg mefe giorgis rCeuli qali Seyvarebia xelovans, Tavad melqisedekic aRvsila SuriT arsakiZis qmnilebis gamo, amitom mklavic moukveTavT - ratom kargi agigiao.

am ambis ukvdavsayofad taZris

CrdiloeT fasadze gamosaxulia

xeli, romelsac gonio upyria. aqvea

ganTavsebuli oTxsityviani fraza,

romelic saocar emociebsa da

mRelvare istoriebs itevs - `xeli

monisa arsukiZisai, SeundeT.~ garda

amisa, SemorCenilia meore warwera,

romelic ufro adre unda amoekveTaT

aRmosavleTis fasadze, Sua TaRs

qvemoT vkiTxulobT - `aReSena ese

wmindai eklesiai xeliTa glaxakisa

monisa arsukiZisai, SeundeT~.

marTlac sainteresoa ra qar-

texilebs itevs periodi am or

warweras Soris, ra vnebaTaRelvas

dausadgurebia saqarTvelos samefo

karze, ras Seewira realurad didi

xelovani, marTla SeSurda Tu

ara mis maswavlebels Segirdis.

Znelia imis Tqma, rodis gaecema am

kiTxvebs dokumentalurad dada-

sturebuli pasuxebi, Tumca, erTi

ram ki cxadia, am vnebaTaRelvidan

darCa qmnileba, romelic yvelasa

da yvelaferze amaRlda, amaRlda

Surzec, qvenagrZnobazec, siZulv-

ilzec da siwmindisa da siyvarulis

maradiul apologetad iqca...

rogor gaxda jvargumbaTovani kaTedrali erTiani

saqarTvelos simbolo STambeWdavi cxovrebiseuli epi-

zodebi gadajaWvuli gaxldaT im obieqtur realobas, romelmac gana-piroba aseTi grandiozuli taZris mSenebloba. gaerTianebuli saqar-

Tvelo pirvel nabijebs dgamda da es udidesi movlena Tavis Zegls iTxovda. kacma rom Tqvas, erTian saqarTvelos cocxali Zegli qarTu-lma cnobierebam daudga imiT, rom svani Tu megreli, kaxi Tu imereli, guruli Tu lazi, heri Tu fSaveli, xevsuri Tu raWveli intuitiurad grZnobda, rom maTi sulieri samyaro erTiani fuZe eniT, deda-qarTuliT sazrdoobda, romelic jer kidev qristemde mesame aTaswleulSi aer-Tianebda qarTulenovan sivrces.

meaTe saukunis bolos, roca bagrat mesame RvTisa da eris wya-lobiT ekurTxa gaerTianebuli saqa-rTvelos pirvel mefed, roca Cveni eris istoriaSi msoflio politikur asparezze gasasvleli axali hori-zonti gamoCnda, aSkara gaxda, rom saqarTvelos erTianobis ideologi-

uri sayrdeni amaRlebuli da RvTiT kurTxeuli ganwyobebi qvaSi nakveTi ZegliTac unda ukvdavyofiliyo.

isic niSandoblivia, rom arsakiZem axali taZari ki ar aago, vaxtangise-uli samnaviani bazilika gadaakeTa jvargumbaTovan taZrad, riTac mianiSna, rom am madlian salocavs sakmaod myari erovnuli fesvebi hqonda.

sveticxoveli da Jami qarTuli daRmarTisa

JamTasvlam da qveynis varamma

Tavisi kvali daaCnia sveticxovels.

misi gumbaTi orgzis Camoiqca.

#1 201022

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

erTguli garsevan ColoyaSvilimeTeqvsmete saukunis dasaw-

yisSi didi SfoTi da areuloba iyo saqarTveloSi. samefo-samTav-roebad danawilebuli qveyana suls Rafavda intrigebiTa da SantaJiT.

1513 wels kaxeTis mefe av giorgi gardaicvala. qarTlelebi Seecadnen esargeblaT amiT da kax-eTis taxti daeWiraT. av giorgis darCa mcirewlovani Ze levani, romelic kaxelebma saguldagulod gadamales da gadawyvites saTanado

viTarebas dalodebonen misi gamefebisTvis. levans Tavadi garsevan ColoyaSvilis ojaxi ifaravda. bunebrivia, am

ambavma qarTlis samefo karamdec CaaRwia da mefe daviT meaTem Tavisi Zma bagrat muxranbatoni miavlina kaxeTs, Tan jaric gaayola, Tuki saWiro iqneboda Zalis gamoyenebasac ar unda moridebodnen qarTlelebi.

bagrati didi pativiT miiRo garsevanma, saarako puroba gaumarTa, didi lxini da garToba brZana stumrebis sapativsacemod. roca stumrebi SezarxoSdnen, Tavisi vizitis mizezic gaumxiles maspin-Zlebs, _ kargad viciT levans Sen mfarvelob, viciT rom SenTanaa, kargs izam Tuki Cven gadmogvcemo. garsevanma iuara, _ alaverdis xatze davificeb, rom visac Tqven xedavT imaT meti Cems sasaxleSi aravinaao. Tavisi patiosnebis dasamtkiceblad gamoabrZanebina xati da daifica...

stumrebma maspinZlis argumenti sarwmunod CaTvales, qeifi gaagrZeles da meore dRes saxlSi dabrundnen. saqme is iyo, rom garsevani marTals brZanebda da mis saxlSi myofi yvela pirovneba iq trialebda, maT Soris ufliswuli levani, romelic meriqifis tansacmelSi iyo gadacmuli da erTgulad emsaxureboda stumrebs.

male levani kaxelebma gaamefes. misi mmarTveloba 1520-1574 wlebSi erT-erTi xangrZlivi da warmatebuli xana iyo kaxeTis samefosTvis.

pirvelad 1283 wlis miwisZvris

Sedegad, amave wels daingra

variis cametsarTuliani

Senobis xuTi sarTuli, meored ki

1387 wels, Temur lengis meore

Semosevis dros.

mtarvalma qarTvelTa jiS-

jilagis amogdeba daisaxa miznad. qvas

qvaze ar tovebda, surda dedabudianad

amoeZirkva qristianoba. Tavisi rom

ver gaitana, javri sveticxovelze

iyara - Temuris brZanebiT moangries

taZris galavani, gaZarcves oqroTi

mopirkeTebuli embazi, gaitanes

samalavSi arsebuli ganZeuloba

da biblioTeka, arc es ikmares da

sveticxovlis burjebi moSales.

mainc gadarCa, mainc ar daingra...

gagulisebulma Temurma veraferi

uyo qarTuli erTianobis simbolod

qceul Zegls, mxolod gumbaTi

Camoiqca...

amas iranelTa TareSic mohyva.

jer Sah-Tamazma moarRvia sveti-

cxovelis rideni, Semdeg ki misma

SviliSvilma, abaz pirvelma taZari

cxenebisa da pirutyvis sadgomad

gadaaqcia. swored am periodidan

Sewyvetila svetidan mironis dena.

saqarTvelos Znelbedobis Jami edga,

Jami mterTa mZvinvarebisa da qarTve-

lTa daRmarTisa... da es realoba

sveticxovelmac airekla.

Jami aRdgoma-ganaxlebisa

meTxuTmete saukuneSi aleqsandre

pirvelis bebias, rusas dauwyia

sveticxovelis aRdgena. rusa rom

gardacvlila, 24 wlis aleqsandres

gaugrZelebia misi dawyebuli saqme.

moryeuli burjebi gaumagrebia.

Tavadac xvdeboda, rom amas taZris

esTetiuri mxare ewireboda, magram

sxvagvarad ver moxerxdeboda mona-

stris aRdgena. am samuSaoebis Semdeg

sveticxovels Tavdapirveli sila-

maze da momxibvleloba daukargavs.

maSin taZars ufro maRali TaRebi

da natifi burjebi hqonda, meTxu-

Tmete saukunis variantiT ki ufro

praqtikuli saxe mieca.

ori saukunis Semdeg kvlav sayo-

velTao zrunvis sagani gamxdara

sveticxoveli. qarTlis mahmadiani

mefis, rostomis dros, dedofal

mariam dadianis inicitiviT momxdara

taZris safuZvliani restavracia.

am saqmeSi mTeli qarTli CaurTavT,

soflebSi sagangebod grovdeboda

produqti da fuli... aseTma zrunvam

is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom meCvidmete

saukuneSi sveticxovels ekuTvnoda

1025 ojaxi da 237 sofeli.

mefe erekles dros, 1787 wels

taZris galavani auSenebiaT. am faqts

adasturebs samxreTis Sesasvlelis

Tavze amokveTili warwera. amave

warweriT dgindeba, rom sveti-

cxovels adrec hqonia galavani,

romlis fragmentebi SeunarCunebiaT

da CaurTavT CrdiloeTis kedelSi.

galavnis Zveli fragmentebi Tlili

qvebiTaa naSenebi, erekles dro-

indeli galavanis mSeneblobisas ki

riyis qvebia gamoyenebuli. gala-vnis

samxreT kedelSi gaWrilia WiSkari.

amas garda, galavnis dasavleT mxares,

kedelSi CarTulia meTerTmete

saukunis karibWe.

bolo restavracia sveticxovels

mecxramete saukuneSi Cautarda or

etapad. rusebma gansakuTrebuli

`mzrunveloba~ gamoiCines qarTuli

Zeglis mimarT. pirveli etapis dros,

1837-1844 wlebSi arqiepiskopos

evgenis `podriadCikma~ xeCo

darCi-lovma taZris garSemo

#1 2010 23

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

meselinas waRebiunebisyofo klavdiusze iolad axdendnen gavlenas mis garSemo mravlad

mofusfuse medroveebi. medroveebs ra uSavdaT, am mxriv gansakuTrebiT misi coli valeria meselina aqtiurobda, romelic faqtobrivad ganagebda kidec romis imperias. meselinas ideali kleopatra iyo. swored mas ejibre-boda Tavi-sdauneburad maSin, roca Tavg-adasavlebs eZebda. romSi ki, Tavga-dasavlebis qalaqSi, aba sasi-yvarulo istoriebs ra gamolevda... aq marTlac rom didi masStabebiT sCqefda boh-emuri cxovreba, xSirad garyvnilebaSi rom gadadioda iseTi. erTi sityviT, aiSva artaxebi dedo-falma... vin moTvlis meselinas

motrfiale ramdeni romaeli Wabuki moakvlevina klavdiusma, magram Tanamecxredes avxorcoba ver moaSlevina.

meselina mliqvnelTaTvis Tayvaniscemisa da STagonebis obieqtic iyo. SemorCenilia saintereso epizodi, romelic mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor ekida kiserze erT warCinebul mliqvnels meselinas naCuqari gacveTili fexsacmelebi, romlis lanCsac drodadro sxvaTa dasanaxad mowiwebiT kocnida... meselinas waRebis TayvaniscemiT es mliqvneli imperatorisaken mimaval gzas iiolebda...

arsebuli stoebi aafeTqa

da Camocvenili qvebi axali

patara zomis qvebiT Secvala. meore

etapisas ki, 1860 wels, roca mTavari

sazrunavi iyo taZris ga-daxurva,

sakmaod aamaRles misi iata-ki. es

amaRlebuli iataki 2006 wels

mTlianad moxsnes da taZris done

dauaxloves Tavdapirvel, meTerTmete

saukunis droindel dones.

bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi

Catarebuli arqeologiuri samu-

Saoebis Sedegad mravali sain-

tereso da mniSvnelovani nivTi

aRmoCnda sveticxovlis ezoSi.

upirvelesad aRsaniSnavia III-IV

s-is antikuri periodis akldama,

sadac ipoves vercxlis, brinjaos,

oqros, rkinisa da sxvadasxva mine-

ralebisgan damzadebuli nivTebi.

amaT Soris gamorCeuli gaxlavT

vercxlis saweri xelsawyo, romlis

msgavsi manamde saqarTveloSi ar

aRmoCenila.

istoriis mowyale skivri...

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTve-

lTa fiqri mudmivad dastrialebs

sveticxovels. Cvenamde moaRwia

mravalma legendam Tu namdvilma

ambavma, magram faqtia, jer kidev

bevri ram ar viciT am Zeglis

Sesaxeb. istoriis ukidegano skivri

nel-nela aCens sxvadasxva saoc-

rebebs. amitomac ar gvikvirs, Tu

ratom inaxavs bevr saidumlos

xuroTmoZRvrebis es udidesi Zegli.

sveticxoveli dResac amayad

dgas eris sulierebis sadarajoze,

viTarca ukeTurebasTan mebrZoli

da andamativiT izidavs morwmunesa

Tu urwmunos. xeliT exebi didebul

qmnilebas da grZnob saukuneebiT

damZimebul sunTqvas, im uSret madls,

romlis sicxovelec, miuxedavad

Cvidmeti saukunis arsebobisa, ar

ganelebula. uyureb caSi azidul

gumbaTs da xvdebi ra simboluri

datvirTva aqvs amaRlebas.

RmerTTan ziareba erTaderTi

gakvaluli gzaa WeSmaritebisaken

mimavali, sveticxovelic xom RmerTTan

naziarebi qarTuli sulieriebis

amaRlebis klasikuri nimuSia...

#1 201024

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

elzasi da lotaringia erTi koncertis

sanacvlod safrangeT-prusiis omSi

frangebma elzasi da lotar-ingia dakarges. politikuri proc-esebis miRma kulturuli cxo-vreba Cqefda da TiTqos es ori sfero gamijnuli unda yofi-liyo erTmaneTsgan, Tumca...

omis Semdeg cnobilma frangma msaxiobma koklenma berlini-dan depeSa miiRo - speqtakls vdgamT, gvinda rom mogiwvioT da iqneb gviTxraT sazRaurad ras ine-bebTo. msaxiobis pasuxi,

romelic aseve depeSiT gaugzavna germanelebs, sakmaod martivi da la-konuri iyo - `elzassa da lotaringias~.

saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefe da

ukverTxo patriarqianu ratom ara aqvs alternativa ilias gzas

sakraluri sameba _ ilia marTali, elia

winaswarmetyveli da ilia

meore.

mamaCemi iliasa da `vefxistya-osanze~ gvzrdida. ilia marTali CemTvis bavSvobidanve wmindani iyo. gavecani rogor pirobebSi uxde-boda mas moRvaweoba - ara mefe, ara patriarqi... mere gavige, rom ugvir-gvino mefea saqarTvelosi. mRvdeli rom gavxdi, mivxvdi, rom ilia araTu ugvirgvino mefe, aramed ukverTxo patriarqia.

ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom erTi dRe, 2 agvisto aris elia winaswa-rmetyvelis, ilia marTlis da patri-arqis, ilia meoris dRe. es imas niSnavs, rom ilia elias suliT iyo am qveyanaze mosuli, anu misi Semar-TebiT, misi suliskveTebiT.

elia winaswarmetyveli iyo simar-Tlis mTqmeli, kadnieri pirovneba, romelic amxelda yovelgvar ukeT-urebas, rac israelSi xdeboda. kargad rom gavigoT vin iyo

aris TariRebi, romelic saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovan istorias amouSlel laqad SemorCa. erT-erTi maTgania 1907 wlis 30 agvisto. am dRes gamoutanes ganaCeni eris mamas da ugvirgvino mefes, am dRes qarTvelobam naTels bneli arCia, da kidev erTxel izeima borotma, saqarTvelos rom miaqanebs lafsa da wumpeSi...

ilias mkvleloba wiwamurTan didi epoqis dasasruli da aseve didi epoqis dasawyisia, 30 agvistos iliam miwieri cxovreba Sewyvita da samaradJamod daemkvidra, rogorc qarTvelTa zec-ieri mfarveli.

aranakleb ekliani gaxldaT wiwamurTan mokluli ilias gza ilia marTlamde, mis wmindanad aRiarebamde. gangebam isurva il-ias wmindanad kurTxeva meore ilias – saqarTvelos patriarqis, uwmindesisa da unetaresis xeliT momxdariyo.

didi moazrovnisa da wmindanis sulieri memkvidreoba yov-elTvis badebs uamrav kiTxvas. ra aris ilias gza? ratom unda gavyveT mas? ratom aRmoCnda ilia miuRebeli meoce saukunis dasawyisis sazogadoebisTvis da mas Semdeg Tu Seicvala rame?

ratom rCeba ilias mier wamoWrili araerTi problema dResac gadauWreli? da bolos, dRevandelobis prizmi-dan xom ar moZvela ilia da misi moZRvreba? ramdenad misaRebia da praqtikulad aRsrulebadi is, rasac didi wmindani gviqadagebs?

kiTxvebi uamravia. amitomac mivmarTeT nariyalas wminda nikolozis monastris moZRvars mama giorgi Te-vdoraSvils.

#1 2010 25

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

ilia, elia winaswarmetyvelis cxov-reba unda wavikiTxoT. is iyo kaci dabadebuli `xmad mRaRadebeli ud-abnosa Sina~, kaci, romelic Cvens gu-lebSi, ioane naTlismcemlis msgavsad asworebda im borcvebs, romelic ampartavnobam warmoSva, raTa Semdgom ufali Semosuliyo CvenSi da Cvens gulebSi davane-buliyo. ilia gvas-wavlida rogor gagveRo uflisTvis kari, magram Cven movkaliT is da karebic daketili darCa uflisTvis.

Tu gvinda rom viyoT kargi qris-tianebi, kargi marTlmadideblebi, unda gavigoT ilia bolomde. Tuki bolomde SevimecnebT vin aris ilia, gavigebT vin aris ieso qriste, gavigebT ra aris marTlmadidebloba da Cveni ukuRmarTi cxovreba ratom aris am mdgomareobaSi. ver gagvigia ilia da amitomac davexetebiT ud-abnoSi... jer Sorsaa CvenTvis `aRTqmuli qveyana~. “aRTqmuli qveyana” CvenTvis mamuli, ena, sarwmu-noebaa. misi bo-lomde gacnobiereba da gagebaa, magram samwuxarod, dRes ucxo enebze ufro kargad vlapara-kobT, vidre qarTulad, ucxo qvey-nebSi davrbivarT da iq vSromobT da mamuli CvenTvis, rog-orc ilia marTali ambobs `nakel-moyrili da ekalSemovlebuli ala-gia~.

ilia ar aris mxolod meoce saukunis saqarTvelos mfarveli, is maradiuli saqarTvelos mfarvelia. ilia iyo manaTobeli varskvlavi, romelic ver davinaxeT, magram yve-laze didi ubedureba aris is, rom Cven dRes 21-e saukunis qarTvelebi vlanZRavT im periodis moRvaweebs, vambobT rom ilia ver icnes, ver daafases, dRes ra, Cven ar vklavT ilias? roca Sen qarTveli xar war-momavlobiT, roca Seni suli-skveTeba, Seni suliereba miRma qveynebiskenaa mimarTuli, es ar aris ilias mkvl-eloba? me mrCeba STabeW-dileba rom ilia dRes xelmeoredaa mokluli.

mixaria, rom Cveni prezidentis samuSao oTaxSi aris ilias portre-ti, Tumca, samwuxarod, es ar niSnavs imas, rom Cven ilias gziT mivdivarT. iseT rameebs eweva propaganda, iseT rameebs qadageben, dRes cocxali rom iyos, albaT xelmeored mokvdeboda. Tu gvinda ̀ iveriis~ gabrwyineba, modi

ilia SevimecnoT bolomde da ilia marTals vevedroT, rom Cveni sulis-kveTeba mimarTuli iyos “ena, mamuli, sarwmunoebis” bolomde gaazrebi-sken. mamuli ar iyos ̀ nakelmoyrili da ekalSemovlebuli miwa~, rom Cveni ena ar iyos gadatvirTuli barbariz-mebiT da rom Cveni sarwmunoeba iyos WeSmariti marTlmadidebloba.

samive saganZurSi gvaqvs proble-mebi. vaRiarebT rom varT marTl-madi-deblebi, magram bolomde ar gvesmis ra aris marTlmadidebloba. vaRiarebT, rom varT qarTvelebi da dRes saqarTvelodan gaqceulia mra-vali axalgazrda ucxoeTSi. vaRi-arebT, rom enaa Cveni saganZuri da arafers ar vakeTebT mis dasacavad... mamuli ra dReSia yvela xedavT - aRarc samaCablo, aRarc afxazeTi da kidev mravali teritoria dgas kiTxvis niSnis qveS, imitom rom Cven RmerTs ganvudeqiT, imitom rom ilias gziT ar davdivarT.

gza xsnisa uflis gzaa, roml-iskenac ilias mihyavda saqarTvelo... istoriam gvaCvena, rom am gzas al-ternativa ar gaaCnia...

wmindanis nugeSi

Tanamemamuleebs

dRes mTels msoflioSi pesimizmi

igrZnoba. pesimizmia CvenSic. qarTve-li eris mSveleli, nugeSicmcemeli wminda ilia marTalia. CvenTvis ilia wina-swarmetyvelia. amis das-turad aviRoT mis leqsi:

`Cemo kargo qveyanav, razed mogiwyenia, awmyo Tu ara gwyalobs, momavali Senia...~ es leqsi saocari nugeSia, amas

ambobs qarTveli wmindani. Cvenia momavali imitom, rom Cveni Tavi Cven gvekuTvnis. roca es sakiTxi gadaiWra, ukve SeiZleba iTq-

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

roca oqros suni ar asdis

bunebiT momWirne vespasianem sasti-ki brZola gamoucxada fuqsavatobasa da aRviraxsnil cxovrebas. ar eride-boda axali gadasaxadebis SemoRebas, romlis gamoc xSirad anekdotur situaciaSi vardeboda.

romaelTa gansakuTrebuli gaoceba da ironia mas Semdeg momZlavrda, roca vespasianem sapirfareSoebis dabegvris brZaneba gamosca. amaze xSirad gaismoda qirqili. sazogadoebis ganwyoba ar gamohparvia vespasianes Svils tituss, romelmac mamamiss mimarTa - yvelafers sazRvari aqvs, uxerxulia sapirfare-Sodan akrefili fuliT cxovrebao... pasuxad vespasianem Svils cxvirTan muWa oqro miutana - aba naxe, suni Tu

asdiso...

#1 201026

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

rogor mougo mocartma haidns erTi duJini Sampanuricnobili kompozitors, franc iozef

haidns iumoris sakmaod kargi grZnoba hqonda da cdilobda yvelaferi xumrobaSi gadaetana. am mxriv mas arc volfgang ama-deus mocarti CamorCeboda. ori Semoqme-dis Sexvedra bunebrivad SesaniSnav Sou-speqtaklad iqceoda xolme.

erTxel orive kompozitori erTad aR-moCnda wveulebaze. mocartma dro ixelTa da haidni gamoiwvia. iseT melodias davwer eqspromtad, misi dakvra gagiWirdebaTo. haidnma miiRo gamowveva, iqve SeTanxmdnen,_ wagebuls erTi duJini Sampanuri unda ekisra.

oriod wuTSi mocartma notebis Canaweri miawoda haidns. is dajda roialTan, daiwyo dakvra, TiTqos araferi iyo rTuli... uceb kompozitori gaCerda: - amis dakvra SeuZlebelia, - moutrialda mocarts, - orive xeli klaviaturis Tavsa da boloSia dakaveuli da am dros asaRebia kidev erTi noti. haidnma didsulovnad aRiara damarcxeba.

amis dakvra Zalian martivia, - upasuxa mocartma, - Tu gnebavaT gaCvenebT. dajda roialTan da roca im momentamde mivida, sadac haidnma veraferi gaawyo, Sua noti cxviriT aiRo.

virtuozis aseTma mignebam didi mxiaruleba gamoiwvia damswre sazoga-doebaSi. haidns ki aba ra darCenoda garda imisa, rom wagebuli erTi duJini Sampanuri mierTmia genialuri mocartisaTvis.

vas, rom momavali saqarTvelosia, ramde-nadac Cvenve vwyvetT, ra gziT wavideT, ra gziT viaroT...

ratomRac megona, rom saqarT-velos himni iqneboda swored revaz laRiZis mier am teqstze Seqmnili nawarmoebi, ramdenadac dRes am le-qsze didi nugeSi qarTvelebs ar gagvaCnia.

`awmyo Tu ara gwyalobs~ niSnavs imas, rom dRvandeli dRiT kmayofili ar unda iyo da momavalze unda daamyaro imedi. asea saxarebiseul swavlebaSic. Tuki iZaxe, rom dRvan-deli dRe kargia da yvelaferi kargadaa, momavali ar iqneba Seni. Tuki ityvi, rom dRevandelma dRem ar moitana wyaloba, ukmayofilo xar sakuTari TaviT, sakuTari Semo-qmedebiT, ai, maSin iqneba momavali Seni, anu Seni iqneba momavali maSin, roca ganimsWvalebi enTuziazmiT da xvalindel dReze ifiqreb xvale.

istorias Tu gadavavlebT Tvals,

Tavisi awmyoTi arcerTi qveyana arasdros kmayofili ar yofila. Cven ratomRac mivtiriT warsuls, gvgonia rom yvelaferi kargad iyo komuni-stebis, anda romelime mefis dros. arada, es ase ar gaxldaT. radganac moazrovne da Semoqmedi adamiani yovelTvis loculobda, Sromobda, icavda samSoblos da igeriebda mters. roca ukmayofilo xar dRevan-deli dRiT da momavlis imedi gaqvs, ufali Segveweva. rogor SeiZleba sul ar gwyalobdes bedi?

`nu veZebT ilias mkvlelebs sxvagan, ilias mkvleli mTeli

saqarTveloa...~ Tu gvinda gavigoT ra unda eTqva

ilias CvenTvis da rogor unda mov-iqceT, wavikiTxoT `kacia adamiani?!~ da `gandegili~. swored aq aris asaxuli ra mdgomareobaSi iyo ilias dros saqarTvelo xorcielad da su-lierad. am nawarmoebSi aris gadmo-cemuli Cveni xorcieli sisus-teebi

da sulieri daknineba. mgonia, rom am siRrmeebs jer bevri ver swvdeba. Tavad saTauri `kacia adamiani?!~ bevrs ar esmis imitom, rom adamiani kaci ar aris. kaci Seqmna RmerTma “xatebisaebr da msgavsebi-samebr Tvisisa”. adamiani aris luarsabi, romelic yoveldRe fiqrobs ra Wa-mos da ra dalios. mereda ramdeni luarsabia Cvens gverdze?!

samwuxarod, Zalian bevri CvenTa-ganisTvis iyo damaluli `kacia adamianis?!~ prologi. swored aqaa seriozuli polemika luarsabsa da ilias Soris. luarsabi sayvedurobs ilias - ratom amomiyvane gubidan, Waobidan, mSvenivrad vgrZnobdi Tavs iqo. imitomac mokla saqarTvelom ilia, rom mas undoda Cveni gamoyvana am Waobidan da sibinZuridan.

ilias mkvleli erTi kaci ar aris, misi mkvleli mTeli saqarTveloa. nu SevaxocavT xels viRac orjoni-kiZeebs da berbiWaSvilebs. TiTqmis yvelam icoda, rom ilias emuqre-bodnen, magram ilia ar daucavs maSin aravis. misi sikvdiliT bevrs ve-rafers miaRwies, radganac man ufro didi sicocxle daiwyo, samaradiso sicocxle. ramdenadac misi naazrevi CvenSi cocxlobs, misi wminda suli saqarTvelos gvirgvinad adgas Tavze da misi saxelis xsenebac ki bevri sikeTis wyaroa. Tu gvinda, rom Cven ilias mkvlelebi aRar gverqvas, misi gziT unda viaroT.

ilia iyo pirSi mTqmeli, is iyo saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefe da ukverTxo patriarqi, maSin roca saqarTvelos ar hyavda arc mefe da arc patriarqi. ilia RmerTma mogviv-lina, magram samwuxarod, bolomde ver davafaseT, ver gavuwieT kargi Sviloba. ilias gziT qarTveli xalxi ar davdivarT, vetrfiT ufro did gmirebs, pirovnebebs, ucxoel ganaTlebul adamianebs.

ra aris ilias gza? ra aris ilias gza? es mxolod

`ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba~ ar aris, es upirvelesad RmerTisadmi swore-baa... macxovaris gzaa... erovnuli moZraoba xSirad iyenebda am cnebas. Seiqmna ilias sazogadoebac. Cven gvyavda didebuli pirovneba zurab WavWavaZe, romelic ilias gziT dadioda. imitomac aRar aris am qveyanaze. man kargad icoda, rom Zala erTianobaSia, rom saqarTvelos

#1 2010 27

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidanN

rogor gaukvala nerons imperatorobisaken mimavali labirinTebi sokos kerZma

mgloviare klavdiusi didxans

ar darCenila ucolod. Sors was-vla arc mousurvebia, iqve myofi sakuTar ZmiSvils, agri pinas daadga Tvali da sasaxleSi moay-vanina SvilTan erTad. Svili ki arc meti, arc naklebi, momavalSi cnobili sisxlismsmeli neroni gaxldaT.

didxans ar gagrZelebula biZa-ZmiSvilis sasiyvarulo idilia. agripina meselinaze aranaklebi mizandasaxuli aRmoCnda. mizani ki sakuTari Svilis gaimperatoreba iyo.

kidev erTi tragikomedia gaTa-maSda klavdiusis cxovrebaSi. axali welTaRricxvis 54 wels agri pinam Tavis biZa-meuRles misTvis yvelaze sayvarel sokos

kerZSi Cauyara didi raodenobiT sawamlavi da im qveyanas gaistumra, taxti ki sakuTar Svils nerons uboZa... miuxedavad imisa, rom neronma sokos kerZis meSveobiT moipova imperatoroba, sicocxlis bolomde aRar gakarebia mas, ar tovebda imis gancda, rom sokos meSveobiT masac SeeZlo gaeziarebina klavdiusis bedi.

sulieri erToba moutanda didebas Cven samSoblos. es sulieri erToba ki RmerTTan TviTveuli CvenTaganis kavSiridan wamovidoda. man kargad icoda, rom afxazTanac, osTanac da sxva konfesiebis warmomadgenlebTan

dialogi iyo saWiro. es iyo kaci, romelsac ilias politika, misi gza hqonda iaraRad adamianTa gulebi-saken mimarTuli. samwuxarod, is am gzaze siaruls Seewira, anu ilias gza sisxliani gzaa.

ilias SeeZlo eTqva, rom `me var naTeli soflisa~. ilia iyo ̀ marili soflisa~, man daamarila saqarTvelo, rom ar gaxrwniliyo amdeni borote-bisa da ubedurebebisgan. is mokles imitom, rom xalxma, romelic “bnelsa Sina ijda”, naTeli ver aitana misi.

`rogorc mose uaryo ebraelobam, aseve uaryo

qarTvelobam ilia...~

ilias cxovrebis gzis srul-yofilad gagebisaTvis didad dagve-xmareba moses cxovrebis gacnoba. es aris magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba gamoiyvano eri monobidan. mose rom SeiZula xalxma, maSin ̀ eyo igi saTno ufals~. moses ar undoda rom yofiliyo eris winamRZoli, magram es uflis nebaa da ara misi. mose Tavad ebraelebs ar uyvardaT. man isini monobidan gamoiyvana ise, rom Tavad ar uxilavs aRTqmuli qveyana imdenad datanja sakuTarma erma.

ilia aris qarTveli mose, ro-melic dRemde Seucnobelia CvenTvis. ebra-elebi ar usmendnen moses arc adre da arc axla. macxovari eu-bneba ebraelebs: _ Tu Tqven mosesi gesmiT da Tqven misi saxiT didi

pirovneba gyavT, maSin Cemic unda isminoT. ebraelebma imitom ar mi-iRes bolomde qriste, rom ar miiRes bolomde mose.

rogorc mose uaryo xalxma, aseve uaryo qarTvelobam ilia, mose eve-dreboda ufals ebraeli eris gamo. aseve evedreboda iliac. man icoda ra emuqreboda qarTvel xalxs. ilia WavWavaZem suli dado qarTveli erisTvis samsxverploze, rogorc macxovarma da jvars ecva CvenTvis, rogorc ufali ver daafasa ebra-elobam, aseve ver davafaseT Cven ilia bolomde.

`puri da sanaxaoba ers ver acxonebs...~

`Savi zRvispireTidan rom daiZaxo qarTveloo, gorSi Ripiani goreli moixedavs da SeiZleba sqelkisera kaxelmac moabrunos Tavio~, - am-bobs ilia maTali. es imas niSnavs, rom ilia qarTuli suliskveTebis

arar-sebobas uCioda. am kuTxiT, samwuxa-rod arc dRes gvaqvs uke-Tesi suraTi.

dRes Cven vxedavT rom qveyana

midis win, magram Sinaganad ara mgo-

nia rom win mivdiodeT. es yvelaferi

ufro pompezurobas da sanaxaobriobas

hgavs. puri da sanaxaoba xalxs ver

acxonebs. xalxs acxonebs enis, mamu-

lisa da sarwmunoebis mtkiced dacva.

purma da sanaxaobam ra moutana roms,

kargad viciT. romi dasca fufunebam

da WeSmaritebis gzidan gadaxvevam.

es aris formula, romelic mTeli

msofliosTvis kanonia. ra Tqma unda,

am kanons verc saqarTvelo auvlis

gverds. Cveni winsvla damuxruWda

ilias mkvlelobiT. ̀ wiwamur-

Si rom mokles ilia, maSin

#1 201028

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

erekles ucnauri sigeli,qarTl-kaxeTis samefo kars gansa-

kuTrebiT uWirda XVIII saukunis bolos. mteri ramdenime mimarTulebiT gvitevda. diplomatiur arenazec sakmaod didi da mZime TamaSebi iyo gaCaRebuli. am situa-ciaSi erekle meores umZimes fsiqolo-giur yofas umsubuqebda nabolara Svili Tekla, romelic Tavisi simkvir-cxliTa da simarjviT mTels samefo karze didi siyvaruliT sargeblobda. mefe alerssa da moferebas ar aklebda Tekla batoniSvils, xSirad anebivrebda kidec. bavSvur ancobas ayolili xelmwife sxva ganzomilebaSi gadadioda.

SemorCenilia sakmaod saintereso sigeli, romelic erekle meorem Tavis oTxi wlis Teklas uboZa. `giboZeT es sigeli Sen, Cvens qals, Tekla biWs, Tumca, aqamde Sen yvelasgan qalad iyavi cnobili, magram amieridan giwyalobebT biWis saxels da vubrZaneb yvela Sens debsa da Zmebs, am-ieridan giwodon Tekla biWi.~

am sigels ereklesTan erTad amtkiceben kaTalikosi antoni da Teklas Zma, iulon batoniSvili.

epoqa damTavrda didi~... rogor

fiqrobT, imis mere Seicvala rame?

vfiqrob araferi. misi portreti

samuSao oTaxebSi romc gvqondes,

xatebi rom gvqondes taZarSi, sanam

ar mivxvdebiT, rom swored Cven movka-

liT ilia, araferi gamova.

ilias Cveni qeba-dideba ki ar

sWirdeba, aramed is, rom misi sityva

ar darCes `xmad mRaRadeblisa ud-

abnosa Sina~.

ilia ukve didebulia uflisgan.

man ukve hpova sasufeveli caTa,

ilias gza pursa da sanaxaobaze ki

ar gadis, gadis eris kaTarzisze.

ilias gza puri da sanaxaoba ki

ar aris, aramed kalami, guTani da

jvaria.

xom ar moZvelda ilia?

dRes, samwuxarod, xSirad gai-

go-nebT kiTxvebs - xom ar moZvelda

ilia? ramdenad misaRebia is gza,

romlsac gvTavazobda TiTqmis ori

saukunis win? am kiTxvebs pasuxi

Tavad istoriis msvlelo-bam gasca.

ilia marto mecxramete da meoce

saukunis mfarveli ar aris. is saqa-

rTvelos maradiuli mfa-rvelia.

gakadnierda zogierTi da ilias

leqsebic ki daiwuna. Cven ilias, ro-

gorc poets ar vicnobTo, SeiZleba

male moRvawedac ki ar scnon...

gulistkiviliT getyviT, rom

Zalian bevri sasuliero piri Tavs

ikavebs ilia wmindanis rangSi moix-

senios. acxadeben, rom is banqos Ta-

maSobda, TuTuns eweoda, rom gurmani

iyo... es imas mianiSnebs, rom maT ar

ician wminda werili. Zalian bevri

wmindani SeiZleba arc cxovrobda

wminda cxovrebiT, magram maTi aR-

sasruli iyo damadasture-beli maTi

wmindanobis. ilia adamiani iyo da

bunebrivia mas hqonda adamianuri

sisusteebi, magram misi aRsasruli

eklesiam Seafasa rog-orc wmindanis

aRsasruli.

#1 2010 29

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

rodis gaCnda romaelebis sufraze puriZveli romis dideba fufunebasa

da mmarTvelTa fuqsavatobaSi Caiferfla. arada, ra didi gan-sxvaveba iyo am bolo periodis romsa da mesame-meore saukuneebis roms Soris, sadac yvela erTnairad, sadac cxovrobda. ojaxis mTavari nivTi grZeli da farTo skam-logini gaxldaT, sadac romaelebi iZineb-dnen kidec, sadilobdnen, werdnen da kiTxulobdnen.

romaelebisTvis ucxo gaxldaT gamomcxvari puri. xuTasi wlis manZilze ar gausinjavT puris gemo, samagierod Wamdnen speltis sqel fafas. maTTvis Cveulebrivi racioni Sedgeboda kombostos, Warxlis, niorisgan, prasisgan. aseve miirTmevdnen rZes, yvels, zeTisxils... pirvelad puri did wveulebaze gamoCnda Zveli welTaRricxvis 187 wels, roca galebze konsul gneius manlius vulsos triumfis aRsaniSnavad didi sufra gaiSala.

Rvinos Cveulebriv wyalgareuls svamdnen. sufra xorciTa da TevziT mxolod Semdeg gaamravalferovnes. adreul saukuneebSi TiTqmis aravi-Tari gansxvaveba ar iyo mdidari da Raribi romaelebis sufrebs Soris.

Cemi sevdiani bebo araCveulebrivi bebia gvyavda, olia

nacvalaZe, baqos qarTuli gimnazia hqonda damTavrebuli, araCveulebrivi ojaxidan iyo. bebiaCemis mSoblebi guriidan baqoSi gadasulan. iq Cems did babuas grigol nacvalaZes saoq-romWedlo saloni hqonia. bebiaCems da mis da-Zmebs baqos qarTul gimn-aziaSi miuRiaT ganaTleba.

bebos Cvens gazrdaSi udidesi wvlili aqvs. ulamazesi qali gaxl-daT. babuaCemi da bebiaCemi TavianTi silamaziT TbilisSi cnobili wyvili iyo. cxovrebis varamma Tavisi kvali daatyo bebos gamoxedvas, mis mzeras, saocrad naRvliani da sevdiani iyo...

75 wlis gardaicvala. amaswinaT, Zvel fotoebs rom vaTvalierebdi, bebiaCemis erTi suraTi SemrCa xelT. rom gamoviTvale am suraTSi ormo-cdaaTisac ar unda yofiliyo, arada, iseTive dardiani da iseTive sevdiani saxe hqonda, rogoric sicocxlis bolo wuTebisas.

me da bebos didxans erT oTaxSi

gveZina. Zilis win jer zRaprebs

miyveboda, mere roca wamovizarde, nam-

dvil ambebze gadavida. faqtobrivad

roca RmerTebic ki tirian`balada jariskacis dedaze~, damaluli samkuTxa baraTebi da bebos moyolili

Zilispiruli ambebi...

ase arasdros gamWirvebia wera, ara imitom rom saTqmeli araferi mqonda, piriqiT...

didi xnis manZilze ixarSeboda es Tema CemSi, qaRaldze unda gadam-etana Cemi bavSvobisdroindeli gancdebi, romelic kargad vicodi, rom marto Cemi ar iyo... udidesi emociuri muxti axlda am ambebze fiqrs...

oriode wlis win, agvistoSi, rusis TviTmfrinavebi rom dafri-navdnen Tbilisis caze, roca Semzaravi ambebi modioda samaCablodan, roca oriod dReSi omSi wasuli biWebi ferflad iqcnen, mivxvdi, sakuTari Tavs unda movreodi...

ai, swored im umZimes dReebSi kidev erTxel gamaxsenda simRera ̀ balada jariskacis dedaze~, romelic qarTuli estradis klasikosma giorgi caba-Zem dedamiss olia nacvalaZes miuZRvna. yurmili aviRe da kaxas davureke, cabaZes. axla am simReris droa-meTqi.

sevdisa da tkivilis Temas giorgi cabaZis SemoqmedebaSi gamorCeul datvirTva aqvs. kompozitoris lamazi melodiurobiT Seferili es gancda gaiTavisa msmenelma, arada albaT bevrma ar icis, ra iyo am tkivils miRma, ra imaleba im mSvenieri sevdiani melodiebis ukan, dauzarelad rom iwvevs msmenelSi kidev erTxel mosmenis survils. kaxa cabaZis moyolili saintereso ambebi vfiqrobT am kiTxvebs amomwurav pasuxs gascems.

#1 201030

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

marjve Tekla-biWi da niskartmoglejili CitiTekla batoniSvilis aRzrdisas bi-

WisTvis aucilebel meTodebs iyenebdnen, nabolaram Seifera biWoba da Tavi gaiTqva rogorc SesaniSnavma msrolelma, rasac mianiSnebs erTi istoriuli ambavi.

erekles aivanze ucnauri Citi mofre-nila. mefes gasCenia survili Teklas sisxarte da srolis niWi gamoecada. uxmo asuls. ai, Tofi, axla am Cits avafren da ise esrole, mxolod niskarti dauziano, Tavad ki araferi avnoo. Teklas Cveu-lebisamebr mamisTvis xelze ukocnia, Tofi gamourTmevia da roca Citi aufreniaT, zustad niskartSi usvria. niskart-mo-glejili frinveli mefis fexTan dacemu-la, gafrena moundomebia, magram dauWeriaT msaxurT da ereklesTvis miurTmeviaT. Cits marTlac niskartis garda araferi hqonia dazianebuli.

gaxarebul erekles Semouxsnia sartyeli da uboZebia Tavisi asu-lisaTvis. es reliqvia didi rudunebiT gadaecemoda Tekla batoniSvilis STamomavlobas Taobidan Taobamde. dRes es cnobili nivTi saxelmwifo muzeumSia daculi.

Tu raime vici mamaCemis Sesaxeb, misi

cxovrebis, misi axalgaz-rduli peri-

odis Sesaxeb, babuaCemis Sesaxeb, sul

bebiaCemis moyolili Zilispiruli

ambebidan aris.

bebiaCemi erTi mxriv ubednieresi

deda iyo, rom hyavda Svili - giorgi

cabaZe, magram me iSviaTad meguleba

iseTi ubeduri adamiani, rogoric

bebiaCemi iyo. erT dros ubednieresi

ojaxidan, oTxi Svilidan mxolod

mamaCemi SerCa. qmari gadasaxlebaSi

daeRupa, Semdeg daeRupa qaliSvilic

21 wlis qeTo, amas mohyva ori Svi-

lis iraklisa da griSas gawveva

omSi, saidanac isini ar dabrunebulan.

darCa erTaderTi vaJi, romelic 13

wlis asakSi travmais qveS Cavarda

da fexi daiziana.

damaluli samkuTxa baraTi

jer SuaTana Zmaze griSaze movi-

da omidan daRupvis uwyeba. erT

dReSi gaTeTrda bebiaCemi, mdumared

yofila did xans. aseTi ambis mere

roca meore Zmis, iraklis daRupvis

samkuTxa baraTi mosula, mamaCems

daumalavs bebiasTvis. es iyo erTad-

erTi tyuili, rac mamaCems uTqvams

Tavis cxovrebaSi. bolomde ganic-

dida amas, ar gaumxila dedas es

ubedureba. aRar undoda kvlav aseT

gancdebSi enaxa erTaderTi usay-

varlesi pirovneba, romelic mas im

periodisaTvis SerCenoda.

sul maxsovs, rogor eloda

bebi-aCemi Zia iraklis dabrunebas,

Cveni oTaxi koridorTan axlos iyo.

nebismier zarze gansakuTrebuli

re-aqcia hqonda bebos. Tavidan amas

yuradRebas ar vaqcevdiT, mere ki

mivxvdiT, rom Svils eloda. eloda

yovel wuTs, yovel wams... erTi pe-

riodi aiCema, dRes mova iraklio da

amis mere loginsac Slida misTvis

yoveldRiurad. ra Tqma unda, amas

Cvenc didi Sinagani emociebiTa da

Tanad-gomiT vpasuxobdiT. bolomde

gvin-doda ar gamJRavnebuliyo si-

marTle, ar gvindoda rom scodnoda

bebos iraklis daRupvis ambavi.

#1 2010 31

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

Raribi cincinatiromis saxelmwifos aR-

mocenebisas, pirvel xaneb-Si konsulebi, diqtator-ebi iseTive mokrZalebuli cxovrebis wess misdevdnen, rogorc miwis muSa, igive glexi, agrikola. amis karg magaliTs warmoadgens Zve-li welTaRricxvis mexuTe saukunis gmiri, saxelmwi-fos umaRlesi xelisufali, diqtatori lucius kink-

cius cincinati, romelic miwis nakveTs Tavisive xeliT xnavda da Tavadve Tesavda. is diqtatoris movaleobis Sesrulebaze uars ambobda erTi im droisaTvis sakmaod argumentirebuli mizeziT, romelic dRevandel bevr saxelmwifo moxeleSi mxolod ironiul Rimils Tu aRZravs. cincinati fiqrobda - saxelmwifo samsaxuris gadamkide Cemi isedac Raribuli meurneoba kidev ufro gamipartaxdeba da col-Svili mSieri damrCebao...

`Seni Svili aRar sCans...~

grZnobda mamaCemis uaxloesi

mego-bari moris focxiSvili Sina-

ganad rogor ganicdida dedisTvis

naTqvam tyuils gogi, arada, imasac

kargad xedavda, sxva gamosavali rom

ar iyo. amitomac simarTlis Tqmis

Taviseburi gza airCia. am ambavs le-

qsi miuZRvna - `balada jariskacis

dedaze~, romlzec SesaniSnavi simRera

Seiqmna, 70-ian wlebSi am simReras

jilda daTua-Svili asrulebda. es

aris ori Semoq-medis urTierTobis

SesaniSnavi nimuSi.

guli mwydeba, rom ar JRers es

simRera. man axali sicocxle unda

daiwyos uaxloes xanSi. imdenad

didi tkivilia Cadebuli aq, rom sam-

wuxarod Cvens dRevandelobasaTnac

axloa. samwuxarod, dResac aqtual-

uria Sinmo-usvleli jariskacis Tema,

_ dedis tkivilis Tema, bebiaCemma

mTeli cxovreba rom atara... arada,

rogori saTqmeli iyo sakuTari de-

disTvis es leqsi:

deda gareT gamova da

Cumad mosTqvams:

`Cemi Svili aRar sCans...~

arc arasdros gamoCndeba

Seni Svili deda,

jariskaci jariskacad darCa...

sadRac ucxo miwa-wyalze ganis-

venebs albaT,

Seni davarcxnili Tmebi

auwewa qarma,

Seni dakemsili qudi

gaucrica tyviam,

Sens Svils axla usaxelo jaris-

kaci hqvia...

Sin Sebrundi, gvian aris

xedav, dedi?

Seni Svili aRar sCans,

arc arasdros dabundeba

Seni Svili, deda,

jariskaci, jariskacad darCa...

rogor gadaurCa eqimobas didi

kompozitori

mamaCemma Tavidan samedicino

insti tutSi Caabara. Tavad ixsenebda:

- pirvelad morgSi rom wamiyvanes

pra q ti kaze, mivxvdi es Cemi saqme ar

iyoo... maleve gamoitana sabuTebi da

konservatoriis studenti gaxda.

bebiaCemma didi xnis ganmavlobaSi

ar icoda rom aRar swavlobda mama

samedicinoze, ar icoda iqidan wamo-

suli rom iyo.

Cvens ojaxSi yvela mReroda da

es Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo. muzici-

reba - sufris qarTuli wesi, CvenTan

gamorCeulad iyo daculi. qarTveli

Tavis Sromas mwuxrsa da lxinSi

simReriT gamoxatavda. Cvens

ojaxSi es momenti gansakuT-

olRa nacva-laZe SvilebT-an giorgi da qeTo cabaZee-

bTan

#1 201032

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

ram gaaxsena Samils peterburgis balze Rorimecxramete saukuneSi ruseTis imperiis

mier warmoebuli kavkasiuri omebi didi xnis brZolebis Semdeg kavkasiis damor-CilebiT dasrulda. yvelaze Rirseuli da Seurigebeli mowinaaRmdege daRestnis gmiri, Samili tyved Caigdes rusebma da peter-burgSi Caiyvanes.

wminda petres qalaqSi sanaxaobas ar aklebdnen Samils. xSirad epatiJebodnen bal-maskaradebze, Samili ki aba ra guliT unda garTobiliyo,- ijda TavisTvis da mSobliuri kavkasiis aulebi ezmaneboda.

kavkasiis Svili ar iyo SeCveuli Ramis cxovrebas, amitomac Sua balis dros xSirad ereoda Zili. erT-erTi balisas Samilma

daamTqnara. es rom daunaxavs romeliRac rus didgvarovans, xmamaRla uTqvams - ar Camylapos am tyis nadirmao. Samili mixvda rom misi misa-marTiT iyo replika nasroli da Tarjimans sTxova zustad eTargmna rusis sityvebi. roca sityvasityviT moismina naTqvami, sakadrisi pasuxi gaucia misTvis - `moaxsene mag didebuls, rom SiSi nurafris eqneba, me mahmadiani var da Roris xorcs ar vetanebio...~

rebuli simZafriT SeigrZnoboda. ami-

tomac ar ukvirda bebiaCems mamaCemis

gataceba musikiT da amas Cveulebriv

ambad aRiqvamda.

ratom ar moswonda gogi cabaZis simRera cuca

beRelaZes bebiaCemi sicocxlis bolomde ver

gaerkva ra profesiis iyo gogi. roca ekiTxeboda sad muSaobo, gogis pasuxs ver igebda. mamaCems hqonda periodebi rom ar muSaobda, muSaobda saxlSi da werda musikas. bebiaCemi amas muSaobad ver aRiqvamda. sul sinanuliT am-bobda: - CemTvis rom daejerebina, exla eqimi iqneboda da saqmec eqnebodao.

bebiaCemis aseTi damokidebule-bas simReris mimarT sakmaod ar-gume-ntirebuli safuZveli hqonda. mamaCems rom tramvaim fexi gadaWra, pirveli, rac ukiTxavT ra mogitano-To, ra survili gaqvso, yvelafers Segis rulebTo, - pianinoo, - upasuxia. arc aravin moeloda aseT pasuxs, Tumca, bebiaCemi ixsenebda, es ar gamk-virvebia, radganac sul iseTs mReroda

da iseTs ustvenda, arasdros arsad rom ar mqonda gagonilio.

bebiaCems ar ukvirda gogis musi-kaluroba. babuaCemi gabo cabaZe pro-fesionali musikosi ar iyo, magram ukravda gitaraze, werda leqsebs, ixseneben, rom sakuTari simRerebic hqonia.

Cvens mezoblad gogolis quCaze

cxovrobda erTi mxcovani qalbatoni cuca beRelaZe, romelsac xSirad uTqvams: - gogim ra icis simRera, gabo rom gitaras aiRebda, simRera ai, is iyoo... aqedan gamomdinare gas-agebia ratom ar unda gakvirveboda bebiaCems gogis simRera.

gangebam ase ineba, rom gogis bedi musikisaken warimarTa. mamaCemi sul ambobda: - me rom fexi mqonoda, fex-burTeli viqnebodio. vinmes rom enaxa mamaCemi rogori gulSematkivari iyo, ar Seepareboda eWvi am sityvebSi.

rogor aRmoCnda malakani karo gogi cabaZis pirveli

piruTvneli Semfasebeli

mamaCemi iseT ubanSi cxovrobda dResac rom Tavis Zvel pews da iers inaruCnebs - oqros ubanSi, gogolis quCaze. mamaCems uyvarda Tqma gogolevis quCeli varo... es fraza Semdeg moris focxiSvilma Tavis leqsSic Seitana, romelzec mSvenieri simRera daiwera. iq iSvi aTad Tu vinme dadioda musikaze, sakmaod mZime periodi iyo. mamaCemma musikaze siaruli rom daiwyo, notebs SarvalSi idebda da zemodan peran-giT ifaravda.

ubanSi erTi yoCi yofila, mamaCe-mze asakiT ufrosi, malakani karo. erTxel modis mamaCemi musikidan, karo ubanSi biWebTan dgas. miurtyia xeli perangze mucelTan - ra gidevs aqo, - SeekiTxa, etyoba karos viRacam uTxra gogi musikaze dadiso...

mamaCemi iseTi kaci iyo, rac ar

olRa nacvalaZe SvilebTan griSa, giorgi, irakli da qeTo cabaZeebTan

#1 2010 33

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

ratom gaxda romis mTavari mteri fufuneba1867 wels mcxeTis maxloblad ipoves qva berZnuli warweriT, rome-

lic axali welTaRricxvis 75 wliT TariRdeba. war-wera iuwyeba, rom romis imperatorma vespasianem da misma Svilebma iberTa mefes- miTridates, mefe farsmanisa da dedofal hamasaspuxis Zes, keisris megobarsa da romaelTa moyvaruls cixis galavani gaumagres.

vespasianes imperatoro-biT axali era daiwyo romis istoriaSi. man saTave daudo flaviusebis dinastias. vespasiane imperatorad akurTxes ax.w-aR-is 69 wels neronis sikvdilis Semdeg. varaudoben, rom igi warmoSobiT etruskuli mdabio ojaxidan iyo, ramac mis azrovnebasa da Sesabamisad saqmianobasac Ta-viseburi kvali daaCnia. misi socialuri mdgomareobidan kargad Canda, rom romis mTavari mteri fufuneba da aRviraxsnili cxovrebis wesi gaxldaT, amitomac vespasianem imperatorad kurTxevisTanave yvelaferi gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom yovelive es ubralo, mokrZalebuli cxovrebiT Secvliliyo. izruna saxelmwifos politikuri da finansuri problemebis mogvarebaze, SemoiRo gadasaxadebis mkacri sistema, Seqmna saimperatoro da saxelmwifo miwebis fondi, mkacri disciplina daamyara jarSi. ves-pasianes dasayrdeni provincieli aristokratebi iyvnen, romelTac is uflebebi mianiWa, adre mxolod romis moqalaqeebi rom sargeblobdnen.

unda geTqva yvelafers dagi-jerebda. nebismier tyuils dagijerebda, magram iseTi tipi iyo, rom tyuils ver

etyodi. es ori Tviseba hqonda, TiTqos erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebeli... ver mo at yu ebdi gogis, rom Semogxe-davda, simarTle unda geTqva, sxva rames verc gaifiqrebdi. tyuilze laparaki zed meti iyo. karos eubneba, - notebi maqvso. rad ginda note-bio,- auSarda malakani. - musikaze davdivaro, - upasuxia gogis. xeli gadauxvevia, wauyvania ucxo ojaxSi, - aba daukario, - uTxovia yoCs. mamaCemi ixsenebda jer “blatnoi” simRerebi davukari, rac karos moewonebo-dao.- musikaze rato dadixar, iq ras swavlobo, - mixvda karo rom am blatnoi simRerebs iq ar aswavlian. davukari sxva rameebic, mere vuTxari mec vwer Cems simRereb so. isic rom daukvria, xeli gadauxve via karos, ubanSi gauyvania mamaCemi da yvelas gasagonad uTqvams – vinc gogis awyeninebs, CemTan eqneba saqmeo. amis mere gogis notebi aRar daumalavs. iRliaSi amoCrili dahqonda.

sxvaTa Soris, gogis pirveli, Tanac utyuari Semfasebeli malakani karo aRmoCnda. mas rom odnav sxva mimar-TulebiT waeyvana saqme, sxvagvarad rom mieRo mamaCemis musika, SeiZleba emoqmeda gogis bedze amas. imitom, rom maSin ubans da ubnis sityvas Zalian didi fasi hqonda. ubani cxovrebis wesis erT-erTi ganmsaz-Rvreli iyo.

konservatoriidan Serisxuli...

gogim konservatoriaSi rom

Caabara meore kursidan mouwia swav-

lisTvis Tavis danebeba. bebiaCems,

rogorc xalxis mtris meuRles, ar

hqonda muSaobis ufleba. amitomac

gogis unda Seenaxa deda. saocari

dedaSvi loba hqondaT. faqizi Sinagani

damo- ki de buleba, erTmaneTis dardis

usit yvo wvdoma... xedavda gogi rom

dedas uWirda, amitomac yvelafers

Tavis Tavze iRebda, ojaxis marCenali

is unda yofiliyo. is unda mdgariyo

fexze dedis imedad...

im periodSi, xSirad iqmneboda

sagastrolo brigadebi cnobili

msaxiobebis monawileobiT. erTad

ikribebodnen saSa gomelauri,

akaki kvantaliani, sandro Jor-

Joliani, veriko anjafariZe, meri

Sildeli... am brigadaSi mamaCemic

iyo. gastro-lebiT mogzaurobdnen

sxvadasxva qalaqebSi da koncertebs

atarebdnen. es iyo maSin mamaCe-

misa da bebia CemisTvis erTaderTi

Semosavali. am gastrolebis gamo

mamaCems konserva toriaSi leqciebis

gacdena uxdeboda. daubarebiaT gogi

konservatoriis reqtoratSi da uTq-

vamT - an konser vatorias airCev da

ivli leqciebze, an Sens koncertebs

da gagricxavTo. mamaCems uTqvams, me

konservatoria ukve avirCie, magram

myavs deda, romelic Cems kmayofazea

da muSaobis ufleba ara aqvs. me

deda unda varCino, marto Cemi Tavi

ar mabariao.

mamam ramdenime weli akademiuri

aiRo, Semdeg roca moagvara yofiTi

problemebi, roca babuCemis reabi-

litacia moxda, Seqmna ojaxi da

Caabara xelaxla konservatoriaSi.

mamaCemi xumrobda, - visTanac

erTad vswavlobdi, mere is

#1 201034

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

saintereso ambebis kidobani

ra Sars gadahyara kagebe CerCilis gaxsnilma Sarvalma

1945 wels, meore msoflio omis dasasrulisas ialtis konferenciaze, sadac germaniis saokupacio zonebad danawilebis sakiTxi ixileboda, didi britaneTis premier-ministr CerCils erT-erTma TanaSemwem miawoda Canaweri. CerCilma waikiTxa werili, dawva si-garetiT qaRaldi, sapasuxo werili dawera da TanaSemwes gadasca.

TanaSemwem gamoarTva qaRaldi, waikiTxa, Semdeg wvrilad dakuwa da nagvis urnaSi CauZaxa. sxdoma rigianad ar iyo dasrulebuli, rom sabWoTa uSiSroebis komitetis warmomadgen-lebi mivardnen nagvis yuTs, amoiRes werilis daxeuli nakuwebi, didi wva-lebiT aawyves qaRaldi, sadac ewera: `nu RelavT, Zveli Sevardeni ar gadm-ovardeba Tavisi budidan~.

sabWoTa dazverva, uSiSroebis samsaxurTan erTad Seudga am teqstis deSifrirebas. bevri iwvales, Tumca, versiis donezec ki ver mixvdnen ra politikuri datvirTva unda hqonoda am teqsts.

gaiara ramdenime welma. im werilis Sinaarsi mosvenebas ar aZlev-daT sabWoTa Cinovnikebs. bolo-bolo Rirsebis sakiTxi gaxldaT misi garkveva. gansakuTrebuli interesi hqonda nikita xruSCovs. omis dasrulebidan ramodenime xanSi mas mouwia Sexvedra CerCilTan, aba am Sanss rogor gauSvebda nikita sergeeviCi da pirdapir hkiTxa inglisis premier-ministrs: Tu RmerTi gwams, iqneb miTxra, ra dawere im werilSi, an es Sevardeni ra aris, an ra budeze laparakobdio...

sakmaod lakonuri da pirdapiri iyo CerCilis pasuxi: Sarvlis elva gamexsna. es Cemma TanaSemwem SeamCnia, me mas sapasuxo werili gavugzavne rom aseT rameze ar enerviulao.

maswav lidao.

erTi winadadebiT gadaWrili

rZal-dedamTilobis problema

bebiaCemi Tavisi ganaTlebisa da ojaxuri garemocvidan gamomdinare kargad erkveoda musikaSi. ar maxsovs rom emReros, mdumared arCevda yof-nas, magram kargi msmeneli da kargi Semfa sebeli iyo. musikaze rom daviwye siaruli, male improvizaciebsac vake-Tebdi. erTxel bebom dedaCemTan CamiSva: - Tamriko, Sen rom aq xar kaxa sxva musikas ukravs, gaixurav kars Tu ara, sxva musikiT erTobao. bebiaCemma ver gansazRvra jazi romeli iyo da Cernis etiudi romeli, Tumca, imas xvdeboda,

rom dedaCemis saxlSi yofnis dros raRac sxvas vukravdi, deda rom wavi-doda, maSin sxvas.

bebiaCemi iRebda pensias erTi Svi-lis dakargvis gamo, mamaCemis tuilis gamo meore ver gaxda ofici aluri. pensia Seadgenda 21 maneTs. maxsovs rogor mouTmenlad velo debodiT am pensias me da Cemi Zma. 21 maneTidan bebiaCemi erT maneTs fosta lions aZlevda, rCeboda ori wiTeli Tumniani, erTi Cemi iyo meore Cemi Zmis, goglasi.

dedaCemi ixsenebda - colad rom mivyvebodi, maSin miTxra gogim - dedaCems da Sen raime uTanxmoeba rom mogivideT, icode, me yovelT-vis dedaCemis mxares daviWer, erTi deda myavso... ase, erTi winadadebiT gadaWra mamaCemma rZal-dedamTilobis problema.

saocarad mokrZalebuli urTi-erToba hondaT dedaCemsa da bebos. es iyo urTierpativiscemis, urT-ierTTanadgomis, urTierTsiyvarulis WeSmariti nimuSi.

`gafu gafu~, anu faetonis

qarxnis madlieri muSebi

babuaCemi araCveulebrivi gon-ebrivi SesaZleblobis adamiani iyo. cnobili biznesmeni gaxldaT. sxva-dasxva qalaqebSi hqonda Rvinis da faetonebis qarxnebi. buxaraSi uwevda xSirad siaruli. bebiaCemi ixsenebda: _ rom Camodioda didi CemodaniT Camo-hqonda fuli, saxlSi yvelaze gvian Semodioda. jer mezoblebs Camouvlida, aba ra giWirT riT dagexmaroTo, mere fulsa da bewveuls rom daarigebda, saxlSi modiodao. saocari saxeli datova babuaCemma.

gabo oci wlis gardacvlili mainc iqneboda, taSkentSi rom Cavida `rero~ gastrolebze. ansambls gogic axlda Tan. guguli mgelaZis filmSi, `fes vebSi~ romaa finaluri scena, sa-qar Tve loSi rom xvdebian levan aba-SiZis gmirs, ise Sexvedrian mamaCems taS kentSi. arada, aravin eloda amas, verc mamaCemi warmoidgenda Tu vinmes exsomeboda oci wlis win gardac-vlili mamamisi. roca ̀ reros~ afi Saze waukiTxavT buxarelebs gogis gvari, gadareulan sixaruliT. daraz mulad da erTad daxvedrian saqar Tvelodan Casul ansambls.

ra gindaT xalxo, ras garjilxarT, vis eZebT da ra dagkargiaTo, roca ukiTxavT matareblis baqanze orasi ode SekrebilisTvis, pasuxad buxarelebi mamaCe misken wa mo su lan, ucvniaT ieriT, - ̀ gafu, gafuo~, - uZaxiaT babua-

#1 2010 35

mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki kidobani

gabo cabaZe, miSa da nina nacvalaZeebi

fragmentebi romis istoriidan

rogor CauSxames meselinas saqorwilo idilia meselinas avxorcobas kargi araferi unda moetana klav-diusisaTvis,

magram yvelasTvis moulodne-lad imperatorisTvis mTavari safrTxe aqedan ar wamosula. raoden paradoq-sulic ar unda iyos, unebis-yofo da mZinara klavdiusi Tavisive sayvarel-ma sokos kerZma imsxverpla. Tumca, manam-de tragikulad dasrulda artaxebaSvebuli meselinas zeoba. qals klavdi-usis imperatoroba xiblavda

da ara misi gasiebuli, moqanqare Tavi. amitomac, roca CaTvala, rom sakmao gavlena hqonda mopovebuli da bevri momxre hyavda, saxelmwifo gadatrialebac Seamzada da iqorwina erT romael Wabukze. meselinam bevri ram ver gaTvala. klavdiusis momxreebma bolomde ver gaimetes Tavisi imperatori, dedoflis uzneobas maxviliT upasuxes, meqorwileebi mokles da TavianT imperators mTavari konkurenti Camoaciles.

P.S. papaCemis sawer magidasTan ramdenime foto SemorCa Cems mexsrebas. patarobisas xSirad mimeorebdnen maT saxelebs - es iraklia, es griSa, es ki

qeToo... mere am galereas papidaCemis, olias suraTic Seemata. im qalis

suraTi, saocari siTbo rom maxsovs dRemde da kidev is maxsovs,

misi yoveli stumroba Cemi mSoblebisTvis dResaswauli rom iyo.

maxsovs rogor Seiketeboda oTaxSi papaCemi vano da rogor esiyvar-

uleboda gacrecil siluetebs, rogor iRebda magidis ujridan iraklisa da

griSas frontidan gamogzavnil samkuTxa baraTebs... ramdenjerme cremlic

SevniSne, skamze damjdari Cumad tiroda, ratomRac maridebda xolme cremlian

Tvals... maSin megona gulCvili iyo... sityviT ras gavubedavdi, gunebaSi ki

araerTxel misayveduria misTvis... mere me gadamedo misi gulCviloba... axla

vgrZnob papaCemis cremlis gemos da madls...

maxsovs, sikvdilis win ukanaskneli Txovna rom gaumxila papidaCemma

gogi biZias - iraklis gaSlili logini daaxvedreTo... dasturi rom miiRo,

mSvidad gaecala saaqaos...

ormoci dRis manZilze didi kompozitris meuRle Tamar maWa-

variani pedanturad asrulebda dedamTilis survils. ormoci

dRis ganmavlobaSi olia nacvalaZis oTaxSi ar alagebula is

logini, jariskacis dedas sakuTari SvilisTvis rom gaeSala.

Cemis saxeli... exvevian, eferebian, Tan cremlebs ver ikaveben, mere moTqmiT atirebula yvela... babu aCemis faetonis qarxnis

muSebi ar moscilebian mamaCems da ansambl `reros~ uzbekeTSi yofnis manZilze.

roca RmerTebi tirian...

mamaCems erTi simRera aqvs dedaze dawerili levan Wubabrias araCve-ulebriv teqstze. aseTi sityvebia iq: `ormoc maiss moveswar da Sen ki isev ambob ar gacivdes bavSvi...~ am simReris mosmenisas mamaCemis megob rebi, rom-lebic megona rom qveyanas gadaatri-alebdnen, Zlieri pirovne bebi, vaJkacebi, romlebic Cemi RmerTebi iyvnen da dResac aseTebad rCebian, patara bavS-vebiviT iwyebdnen tirils. sul mik-virda ra atirebT amxela kacebs-meTqi, mere mivaqcie yuradReba, rom erTi da imave simReraze tirod nen... cota rom wamovizarde da am simReraze mec Camomvarda Tvalze cremli... maSin gavuge mamaCemis Zma kacebs.

`rogor darCi cabo, aseTi

keTili?~

mamaCemma 14-15 wlis asakSi im-deni travma da tkivili gadaitana, rac SeiZleba aseulobiT adamians ar gadaxdes TavianTi cxovrebis manZil ze. miuxedavad amisa, arasdros gaboro tebula. mTeli Tavisi cxov- re ba siyvaruls da sikeTes miuZRvna. me ar damaviwydeba erTi momenti. Zia rezom, laRiZem, romelsac sicoc xlis bolos xelis da fexis prob lema hqonda da siaruli uWirda, soxumSi, kompozitorTa saxlis ezoSi Camo-

iara. me da mamaCemi vijeqiT skamze, moutrialda Zia rezo gogis da uTxra: _ cabo, rogor darCi aseTi keTilio. es Tqva da gza gaagrZela... maSin ar mimiqcevia amisTvis yuradReba, ver mivxvdi ra uTxra mamaCems Zia rezom. exla naTelia CemTvis am sityvebis mniSvneloba, misi arsi. rezo laRiZe iyo sikeTisa da kacobis gansaxiereba. rac ki am qveyanaze saukeTeso Tvi -se bebi arsebobs, yvelaferi mas Si iyo

Tavmoyrili. mTeli cxovrebis man-Zilze nadirobda, Tevzaobda da ucbaT raRacam xeli SeuSala, Camoiara da daafiqsira, rom gogi cameti wlis Sem-deg iseTi cxovre biT cxovrobs, rasac Tavad verana irad ver Seegua.

#1 201036

kidobani mamuka nacvalaZis saavtoro bloki

krosvordi arenaTamaSis wesebi:

1. matCi Sedgeba ori taimisagan. yoveli taimi Tavis mxriv Sedgeba 16 kiTxvisgan.

2. TamaSi iwyeba moednis centridan, kerZod, burTis irgvliv mdebare aso-niSnebidan. burTi (sityva) moZraobs nebismieri mimarTulebiT sworxa-zovnad. Tu sityva daejaxa mindvris kides, maSin is airekleba dajaxebis toli kuTxiT – arekvlis kanonis Tanaxmad.

3. yoveli momdevno sityva iwyeba wina sityvis bolodan meore asoTi. 4. burTi karSi gatanilad iTvleba, Tu sityvis bolo aso karis

badeSi moxvda. amis Semdeg TamaSi centridan ganaxldeba. meore taimic centridan iwyeba.

5. meore taimSi gundebi karebs ar cvlian.6. TamaSis mizania mindorze ipovoT mimobneuli swori pasuxebi da

Sesabamisad gaigoT matCis saboloo angariSi

pirveli taimi: 1. warmomavloba, romelsac mianiSnebs rusTaveli Tavis Sesaxeb. 2. istoriul tao-klarjeTSi xuroTmoZRvruli Ze-gli. 3. mdinare qarTlSi. 4. kaxeTis Semadgeneli nawili. 5. qarelis raionSi mdebare monasteri. 6. bolnisSi mdebare samnaviani bazilika. 7. mdinare, romelzec gaSenebulia sankt-peterburgi. 8. qarTveli glexis aucilebeli atributi. 9. adgili, sadac cameti asureli mamidan erT-erTma – stefanem daaarsa monasteri. 10. postiu-gos-lavuri saxelmwifo. 11. saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi. 12. Suasaukuneebis qalaqi qiziySi. 13. gadasaxadi, romelsac glexi naturiT ixdida. 14. qarTveluri eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgeneli, romelic Tanamedrove TurqeTis teritoriaze cxovrobs. 15. nikoloz baraTaSvilis erT-erTi leqsi. 16. saqarTvelos pirveli qristiani mefis mirianis meuRlis saxeli.

meore taimi: 1. qalaqi dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sadac unikaluri an-tikuri xanis periodis aRmoCenebia dafiqsirebuli. 2. Zegli, romelsac galaktionma leqsi miuZRvna. 3. nadirobis qalRmerTi. 4. qalaqi dasav-leT saqarTveloSi. 5. WurWeli, romelsac sufraze Rvinis mosatanad xmaroben. 6. Zveli qarTuli samosaxlos aucilebeli atributi. 7. qalis saxeli. 8. TurqeTis sazRvarTan mdebare teritoria, romelsac saZovrebad iyeneben. 9. qalaqi safrangeTSi. 10. arabebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli erisTavi. 11. mcire navi. 12. saqarTvelos amJamindeli patri-arqis saxeli. 13. cxinvalTan mdebare qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli, qsnis erisTavTa erT-erTi rezidencia. 14. me-12 s-is 80-ian wlebSi aRsaydrebuli saqarTvelos dedofali. 15. mdinare, romelic quTaisSi Camodis. 16. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli kacis saxeli

seneka: kanoni mokle unda iyos, raTa

ucodinarma advilad daimaxsovros

ernest heminguei: nu imsjelebT adamianebze mxolod maTi megobrebis

mixedviT, ar dagaviwydeT, rom iudas yvela megobari unaklo

iyo...

saavtoro SemecnebiT blokTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni SeniSvnebi da

survilebi SegiZliaT mogvweroT el fostiT

mamukanatsvaladze@yahoo.com

kidobani

#1 2010 17

yvelaze didi kartis nageboba

mousvenar amerikels, braian bergs 44 dRe dasWirda, raTa aeSenebina msoflioSi yvelaze didi kartis nageboba. man es maketi gaakeTa Cinuri kazinos “venecia makaos” mixedviT. asaSen-eblad gamoyenebul iqna 218 792 karti. maketis sigrZe 10.6 metria, simaRle - 3 metri da iwonis 272 kg-s. braians asaSeneblad ar gamouyenebia damxmare masala.

yvelaze swrafi mZarcveli

italiaSi policiam daakava mZarcveli, romelmac saaTsa da 30 wuTSi 5 bankis gaZarcva Se-Zlo. erTi bankis gaZarcvas is daaxloebiT 20 wuTs andomebda.

yvelaze wvrili weli

keiti jangis welis garSemow-eriloba 53,3 sm Seadgens. igi 71 wlisaa da ginesis rekordebis wignSi Sesulia, rogorc yvelaze wvrili welis mqone qalbatoni.

yvelaze didi Rvinis bokali

livanSi daamzades yvelaze didi Rvinis bokali, romlis simaRle 240 santimetria, sigane ki - 165sm. es bokali naCvenebi iqna Rvinis festivalze, romelic beiruTSi Catarada. masSi Casxmu-li iqna daaxloebiT 100 boTli Rvino.

yvelaze didi piri

ginesis rekordsmens, 20 wlis francisko domingo xoakins yvelaze didi piri aqvs msofli-oSi. misi gaRebuli piris sigane

16.5 santimetrs aRwevs.

yvelaze maRali bavSvi

patara indusi, karan singhi yvelaze maRali bavSvia msof-lioSi. is mxolod 2,5 wlisaa da misi simaRle ukve 135 sm-s aRwevs.

yvelaze didi xe

yvelaze didi xe msoflioSi xarobs meqsikaSi, qalaq santa-maria-del-tules centralur moedanze. misi simaRle 42 metria da daaxloebiT 2000 wlisaa. xelis Semotareba SesaZlebelia 30 adamianisagan Seqmnili jaWviT. xe imyofeba iuneskos dacvis qveS, rogorc msoflio saganZuri.

yvelaze didi qseli

velur tyeebSi napovni iqna oboba, romlis qselis sigane 25 metrs aRwevs. mas SeuZlia Citis da Ramuras Sekaveba.

yvelaze grZeli Tma

Cineli qalbatoni, romelic ginesis rekordebis wignSi Se-vida, 1973 wlidan izrdis Tmas. dResdReobiT misi Tmis sigrZe 5.627 sm-ia.

yvelaze grZeleniani ZaRli

yvelaze grZeleniani ZaRlis, stenfordis(aSS) enis sigrZe aris 11,43 sm.

yvelaze ZviradRirebuli cxoveli

yvelaze ZviradRirebuli cxoveli aris doRis cxeni. erTi

wlis ulaySi, romelsac “sietlis mocekvaves” eZaxdnen, 1985 wlis 23 ivliss robert sansterma gadaixada rekorduli Tanxa - 13,1 milioni dolari.

yvelaze maRali gogona

msoflioSi yvelaze maRali gogona tailandSi cxovrobs. is 18 wlisaa (daibada 1991 wlis 22 dekembers) da misi simaRle 208 sm-s Seadgens.

yvelaze mravalSviliani mama

keniaSi 90 wlis asakSi daiRu-pa ansentus akuku, romelsac daaxloebiT 160 Svili da 100 coli yavda. pirvelad akukum,

iqorwina 1932 wels, bolos 1992 wels. man moaswro da 30 -mde cols gaeyara. es adamiani Sesulia ginesis rekordebSi, ro-gorc mravalSviliani mama.

yvelaze moxuci tyupebi

tyupma debma, mari da gabriel vaudrebma belgiidan, romlebic moxucTa TavSesafarSi cxovro-ben, aRniSnes asi wlis iubile. debi 1910 wlis 2 oqtombers daibadnen.

yvelaze mZime vaSli

yvelaze mZime vaSli iwonis 1,849 kg-s.

ginesis rekordebi

rekordebi

msoflioSi yoveldRiurad myardeba uCveulo rekordebi. maTgan umravlesoba ginesis rekordebis wignSi imkvidrebs adgils. Semog-TavazebT ramodenime maTgans.

37

kidobani

#1 201018

omis win, 1935 wlidan 1940 wlamde, kuibiSevSi tardeboda grandiozuli samSeneblo sam-uSaoebi miwis qveS. samxedro inJinerebma Seqmnes kidev erTi qalaqi – Rrma bunkerebiT, mravalkilometriani gvirabe-biT, sacxovrebeli kvartlebiT, hospitlebiT da qarxnebiT, romlebic dRemde moqmedeben. saidumlo sabuTebSi am samuSao adgils ewodeboda “volJskis kreiseri”. is SeniRbuli iyo stalinis saxelobis “volJskis hesis” saxeliT, romelic re-alurad omis Semdgom gada-tanil iqna volgis zemowelze. samaras mkvidrT dRemde sjeraT, rom miwisqveSa komunikaciebis mSenebloba volgaze mdebare qalaqSi daiwyo samoqalaqo omis Semdeg. “msoflioSi pi-rvel muSaTa da glexTa sax-elmwifos” mTavrobas eSinoda, rom ver SeinarCunebda Zalau-flebas da miwis qveS damalvas apirebda. qalaqi volgaze ki yvelaze ufro gamosadegi iyo am miznisTvis.

faSistebis jaris moskovTan miaxloebas mohyva is, rom qarxnebis nawili personalTan da mowyobilobasTanAerTad gadayvanili iqna kuibiSevSi. saswrafod Caasxes momavali

sawarmoo korpusebis fundamen-tebi da saamqroebic muSaobas korpusebis aSenebamde iwyebd-nen. oqtombrisTvis kuibiSevSi gadmovida sabWouri mTavrobac, magram, oficialuri dokumen-tebis cnobiT, stalins ar dau-

tovebia moskovi da imyofeboda kremlSi.

qalaqi savse iyo aTasobiT evakuirebuli adamianiT. mTav-robis gadmosvlas ki mohyva samxedro samsaxuris garTule-bac _ mudmivad saguSagoze dgoma, sabuTebis totaluri Semowmeba, moulodneli gangaS-ebi, germanuli desantis Sesaxeb Worebis da saziano saubrebis aRkveTa. xolo erTxel, civi oqtombris Rames, germanulma TviTmfrinavebma dabombes “ka-tiuSebis” qarxana(amJamad ma-slenikovis sax. qarxana). mtris TviTmfrinavi Camoagdebul iqna,

mfrinavi aiyvanes. qarxanas mi-adga minimaluri ziani.

magram es Tavdasxma arc pi-rveli iyo da arc ukanaskneli. meore Ramis miwuruls nikoloz vasilis Zis qveganayofs gamoe-cxada gangaSi. isini waiyvanes TiTqmis centrSi, Zveli na-bereJnis raionSi da ubrZanes momzadebuliyvnen dacvisTvis, amasTanave qveganayofis wevrebs aekrZalaT moweva da xmamaRali saubari.

dilis sami saaTisTvis ja-ris kacebs moesmaT naRmmtyorc-nis zalpis da srolis xmebi. aSkara gaxda, rom brZola mim-dinareobda mdinaris portTan. naRmmtyorcnebi aqedan puris moedans utevdnen. male kanon-adis xma derJinskis saxelobis klubidan gaisma. aq mdebare-obda berias bunkeris Sesasv-leli. oficrebma aRelvebul jariskacebs auxsnes, rom tar-deboda specialuri swavleba. amas aravin daujera, radgan swavleba qalaqis centrSi, romelic savse iyo germanele-biT, saidumlo sawarmoebiT da ucxouri misiebiT warmoudg-eneli iyo.

srola erTi saaTis ganmav-lobaSi gagrZelda. jer naRm-mtyorcnebidan Sewyda cecxli, Semdeg ki – iaraRidan. ofi-crebma “manevrebi” dasrulebu-lad gamoacxades da nikoloz vasilis Zis qveganayofi yazar-maSi dabrunda.

yvelaferi gairkva ramod-enime dRis Semdeg. nikolozma Tanamemamule-Stabistisgan gai-go, rom qalaqze ganxorcielda Tavdasxma! ai rogor moxda es:

saidumloebiT moculi Ramis

brZola anu vin cdilobda

“volJskis kreiseris” dapyrobas

XX saukune bevr “TeTr” laqas inaxavs. gamonaklisi arc didi samamulo omia. erT-erT msgavs saidumlos warmoadgens 1941 wlis oqtomberSi i.b. stalinis Casvla qalaq kuibiSevSi (amJamad samaraSi). dRemde ar aris garkveuli Cavida Tu ara iq realurad stalini. oficialuri cnobiT mas ar dautovebia moskovi, xolo v.suvorovis cnobil wignSi “dRe “M” vkiTxulobT, rom stalinis viziti q. kuibiSevSi ganxorcielda 1941 wlis oqtomberSi, magram beladi iq didxans ar gaCerda.

ra moxda realurad?

aseuli

38

kidobani

#1 2010 19

gvian RamiT mdinaris ports miadga ori sabuqsire barJa Camqvrali SuqebiT. iqidan gad-movida „enkavedes“ formebSi gamowyobil, SeiaraRebul ada-mianTa polki. maT naRmmtyorc-nebidan da iaraRidan gaxsnes cecxli, ganlagdnen jaWvurad da ganaxorcieles qalaqze Tavdasxma. centrisken mimavali “enkavedeSnikebi” Seubrale-blad anadgurebdnen Semxvedr samxedro patrulebs, magram puris moedanTan isini SeaC-eres. KderJinskis saxelobis klubis gverdiT gaCaRda daun-dobeli brZola. im droisTvis iq Tavi moiyara mTeli qala-qis brZolisunarianma nawilma. gadamwyveti Setakeba moxda “namdvil” da “cru” “enkave-deSnikebs” Soris. derJinskis saxelobis klubis Senobas „be-rias quds“ uwodebdnen. Tavdam-sxmelebi SeCerdnen da ukan daixies. siCqareSi maT dayares iaraRi, miatoves daRupulebi da daWrilebi, dasxdnen barJe-bze da gacures samaris lu-kasken, raTa gadamaluliyvnen. es ver moxerxda. brZola ga-grZelda Jiguliovskis qvis samtexloSi da Tavdamsxmelebi erTianad gaanadgures. Semdeg didxans dadioda Wori, rom isini dezertirebi iyvnen, rom-lebic TiTqos da frontidan gamoiqcnen.

ar gaumarTla qalaqgareT, banakebSi myof aTasobiT pati-marsac – momxdari brZolis Sedegad darCenili nangreveb-is likvidaciis Semdeg isini Casves vagonebSi da uralisken waiyvanes. ambobdnen, rom banake-bSi qoleris da dizenteriis epidemia gaCaRda, romelmac Seiwira aTeulobiT patimris sicocxle.

ar gaumarTlaT am brZolaSi monawile samxedro nawileb-sac. isini yovelgvari axsna–ganmartebis gareSe daSales da gagzavnes frontze. nikoloz

vasilis Zis polki Zalze sainteresod gadaanawiles. qveganayofis nawili, romelic monawileobas Rebulobda br-ZolaSi, gagzavnes frontis wina xazze, meore nawili ki, romelic “buCqebSi ijda mTeli Rame” – gagzavnili iqna Soreul

aRmosavleTSi sazRvris da sa-cavad. amiT gadanawileba ar dasrulebula. daniSnulebis adgilze misvlisTanasve sam-xedro mosamsaxureebi isev gadaanawiles sxvadasxva qvega-nayofebSi.

nikoloz vasilis Ze moxvda satanko polkSi, sadac moe-swro gamarjvebas 1945 wels. iaponelebTan brZolebis gaxsen-ebisas, is darwmunebuli iyo, rom samxedro meTaurebi cdilobd-nen misi Tanapolkelebis Cabmas gaxurebul brZolebSi. omis Semdgom periodSi mas ar Sexve-dria arcerTi Tanapolkeli, gan-sakuTrebiT isini, vinc stalins icavdnen 1941 wlis oqtombris Rames...

Tu im Rames namdvilad ganx-orcielda qalaqze Tavdasxma, stalinis ayvanis an SesaZloa misi mokvlis mizniT, Cndeba kiTxva, – vin arian is adamianebi, vinc amas Seecadnen? – dez-ertirebi, romlebic gamoiqc-

nen frontidan da cdilobd-nen stalinisTvis samagieros gadaxdas 1941 wlis zafxulSi miyenebuli SeuracxyofisTvis, germaneli diversantebi, Tu revoluciurad ganwyobili oficerTa jgufi, romlebic komunisturi xelisuflebis

dam xobas cdilobdnen da CaT-vales, rom stalinis yofna kuibiSevSi xelsayreli momenti iyo amisTvis? aqedan swori varaudi ucnobia.

hqonda ki azri meore deda-qalaqze Tavdasxmas 1941 wlis Semodgomas? aqedan daskvna: ra Tqma unda hqonda! msxvili sam-rewvelo centri, sadac imyofeba mTavroba da SesaZlebelia Ta-vad stalinic, Zalian moSorebu-lia frontis xazisagan da uceb iq brZoliT Sedian germaneli jariskacebi. warmogidgeniaT ra rezonansi eqneboda amas msoflio masStabiT? SesaZloa amitomac gadawyvita stalinma moskovSi darCena da ver gabeda axali dedaqalaqis monaxuleba an Jukovma daarwmuna is darCe-niliyo moskovSi, radgan winas-war icoda oqtombris Rames am Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb da ar acnoba stalins amis Sesaxeb.... vin icis?

aseuli

39

kidobani

#1 201020

maSriyiT maRribamdewarsulis furclebidan

40

Tamaz natroSvili

me var mulididilaadrian aforiaqda mon-

RolTa banaki. yvelani CaRata-noinis karvisaken garbodnen. aty-da moTqma-tirili. RamiT viRac uCinari aCrdiliviT gahparvoda karvis mcvelebs, uxmaurod Se-suliyo CaRata-noinTan da danis erTi dakvriT gaeTavebina. aravis araferi ar gaugia, arc mkvlelis gamoCena da arc mimalva. diliT ixiles mkvdari sardali da “ara uwyodes visgan moklul iyo”.

es moxda alamuTze laSqrobis dros, rodesac monRolTa jarSi iZulebiT wayvanili qarTvelebi erivnen. qarTvelebs mobezrebuli hqondaT alamuTis xangrZlivi omi da TviT monRolebic ar epitnavebodaT.

bunebrivia, rom monRolebma Tvali qarTvelebs daadges. sxva vin moklavda CaRatas, Tu ara isi-ni – monRolTagan “didsa Wirsa Sina” Cavardnili qarTvelebi? amaSi aravis ar epareboda eWvi,

garda CarmaRan-noinisa, romelic umtkicebda TvistomT: “daswynar-diT, kacno, rameTu ara ars naTe-savi qarTvelTa kacis mkvleli”. magram misi fxizeli gansja ve-Rar aRwevda patronis dakargviT gamZvinvarebul monRolTa smenas. isini veluri SurisZiebis wy-urviliT ukve miemarTebodnen qarTvelTa banakisaken.

qarTvelebi cotani iyvnen da aRar icodnen, romeli gza aerCiaT. erTni sabrZolvelad emzadebodnen, meoreni akavebdnen da aSoSminebdnen. maSin grigol suramelma, qarTlis erisTavma, gadaWriT brZana: “ara ars Jami br-Zolisa, rameTu mcire varT”. misi azriT, brZolas yvela Seewirebo-da uklebliv, ubrZolvelobas ki mxolod warCinebulTa sikvdiliT dasja mohyveboda. gaborotebuli

monRolebi, albaT, ramdenime Tavkacs akmarebdnen msxverplad CaRata-noins.

qarTvelebs locvis garda aRaraferi darCenodaT. ukve moaxloebulni iyvnen sisxls

mowyurebuli monRolebi, rode-sac moxda saswauli (qarTveli JamTaaRmwereli am saswaulis movlinebas RvTismSobels miaw-ers).

uceb lerwmovanidan ucnobi kaci gamovida, wiTlad SeR-ebili laxvari maRla aRmarTa da xmamaRla iyvira sparsulad: “man quStem CaRata” (me movkal CaRata). monRolebi eZgernen uc-nobs da noinebis winaSe miiyvanes. noinebma hkiTxes mas, viTar mokla CaRata noini.

ucnobma amayad upasuxa: “me var mulidi, mulidTa Soris saCino...”

am sityvebma myisve axada sai-dumloebis farda RamiT momxdar mkvlelobas. yvelaferi naTeli gaxda.

JamTaaRmwerelsac, romelic dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs am Jruantelismomgvrel epizods, mSvenivrad moexseneba maTi asaval-dasavali (“kacis mkvlel-ni miparviTa, romelTa mulidad uwodian”).

“mulidi” arabuli sityvaa da niSnavs eretikoss anu mwvalebels, sarwmunoebisagan gandgomils. ase moixsenieben am “kacismkvlelT” aRmosavluri wyaroebi. evropul literaturaSi isini cnobilni arian asasinebis saxeliT. fiqro-ben, rom “asasini” damaxinjebuli formaa arabuli sityvisa “haSa-Sin” sityva “asasini” mkvlelis mniSvnelobiT damkvidrda ramden-ime evropul enaSi (inglisuri, franguli, italiuri, espanuri, portugaliuri), xolo am sity-vidan nawarmoebi zmna zogierT maTganSi muxanaTur mkvlelobas, teroristuli aqtis Cadenas aRniSnavs.

vin arian es mulidebi anu asasinebi, romlebmac esoden Savi saxeli moixveWes, rom dResac ki dasavleTSi romelime poli-tikuri moRvawis mkvleloba

kidobani

#1 2010 21

warsulis furclebidan

41

Zalauneburad mogvagonebs xolme saukuneTa siRrmeSi Camarxul istorias. ra manqanebiT daimsax-ures asasinebma aseTi uWknobi “dideba”?

asasinTa ordeni daarsda is-mailitTa mier XI saukunis dam-levs iranSi. ismailitebis seqta jer kidev VIII saukuneSi iyo warmoqmnili da mravali aqtiuri momxre hyavda mahmadianur samya-roSi. ismailizmi gaxda asasinTa ordenis ideologia. ordens saTaveSi Caudgnen iraneli feo-dalebi, romlebmac iranSi Turq-selCukianTa gabatonebis Sedegad dakarges Tavisi miwebi da axla gamqrali Zalauflebis aRdgenaze ocnebobdnen. asasinTa amboxebaSi monawileobdnen qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobios dabali fenebic: xelosnebi, glexebi.

asasinTa ordenis fuZemdebeli iyo hasan sabahi. marqsi da en-gelsi aRniSnavdnen, rom hasan sa-bahma gaacocxla fanatizmi da mas wminda politikuri mimarTuleba miscao. igi siWabukeSive eziara ismailitur rjuls iranel xelosanTa wreSi, Tumca Tavad warCinebuli warmoSobisa iyo. SemdgomSi gaemgzavra egvi ptis fatimianTa saxalifoSi, romel-ic warmoadgenda ismailituri propagandis centrs. egviptidan dabrunebis Semdeg hasan sabahma iranis mravali olqi Semoiara, eweoda propagandas da eZebda Sesaferis adgils mmarTvelo-bis centris dasaarseblad. misi momxreebic awarmoebdnen dazver-vas yoveli mimarTulebiT.

sabolood arCevani SeaCeres alamuTze. alamuTis cixe mde-bareobda elbursis mTebis erT-erTi umaRlesi mwvervalis (3 689 metri zRvis donidan) max-loblad, maRal kldeze. alamuTi (“aluh amuT”) niSnavs arwivis budes. miuvali da auRebeli kl-deebiT garSemortymuli alamuTi marTlac zedgamoWrili adgili iyo asasinTaTvis. hasan sabahis agentebma ismailitur rjulze

moaqciescixis garnizoni. rasak-virvelia, cixisTavs aRar ZaluZda winaaRmdegobis gaweva. man qedi moixara asasinTa winaSe da kon-pesaciad miiRo 3 000 oqros dinari.

es moxda 1090 wels. aqedan

iwyeba asasinTa damoukidebeli saxelmwifos arseboba. amis Sem-deg maT xelT igdes ramdenime cixe Crdilo-dasavleT iranis mTian raionebSi da Tavis sayrden punqtebad aqcies. zogi daipyres ZaliT, zogi – cbierebiT da zog-ic TviTon aaSenes. male 50-mde cixe ekuTvnodaT mTels iranSi. maTi poziciebi gansakuTrebiT Zlieri iyo mTian deilemsa da yoxestanSi. XII saukunis damdegs asasinebma fexi moikides siriis mTebSic.

ispaanisa da girdxuxis mida-moebSi isini sabavSvo gadasaxads krefdnen vaWarTagan. alamu-Tis irgvliv mdebare mindvrebSi gahyavdaT sarwyavi arxebi da

imaragebdnen sursaTs.ocdaTxuTmeti wlis manZilze

hasan sabahs aRar miutovebia ala-muTi. misi Zalaufleba vrcelde-boda xorasnidan damaskomde da misi saxeli SiSis zars scemda mTel mahmadianur samyaros. ijda

oTaxSi, wignebs kiTxulobda, werda, loculobda, marxulobda, gegmavda sabrZolo operaciebs da oTx kedelSi gamoketili xelmZRvanelobda ajanyebas Turq-selCukianTa imperiis uzarmazar teritoriaze. misi asketuri cxovbreba samagaliTo iyo or-denis wevrebisaTvis. hasan saba-his SiSiT alamuTSi veravin ver svavda Rvinos. cixidan gaaZeves salamurze damkvreli, radgan asasinTa ordenis mbrZanebeli garyvnilebad Tvlida musikas.

hasan sabahis sisastikes sazR-vari ar hqonda. man wuTisofels gamoasalma Tavisi ori vaJi. pir-vels bralad dasdes hasan sabahis TanaSemwis mkvleloba (Semdeg

kidobani

#1 201022

warsulis furclebidan

42

gamoirkva braldebis siyalbe da cilismwamebelic ver ascda sasjels), xolo meore vaJis er-TaderTi danaSauli akrZaluli Rvinis sma iyo.

cnobili avstrieli mecnieri, i. hameri ambobs: adamianis buneba ar aris iseTi ulmobeli, rom istorikosma ramdenime saeWvo motividan maincdamainc yvelaze uaresi airCios, magram asasinTa ordenis fuZemdebelTan dakavS-irebiT yvelaferi simarTles waa-gavs. hameri varaudobs, rom hasan sabahma Tavisi vaJebi sikvdiliT dasaja ara imdenad simkacris gamo, ramdenadac im mizniT, rom sazogadoebaSi daenerga gul-griloba yovelgvari bunebrivi adamianuri grZnobebis mimarT.

ingliseli orientalistis e. braunis azriT, hasan sabahs TiTqos imis damtkiceba surda, rom igi iRvwoda ara Tavisi gvarovnuli interesebisaTvis, aramed saerTo saqmisTvis. man Tavis memkvidred daasaxela Ta-visi uaxloesi TanamebrZoli.

asasinTa brZolis ZiriTadi me-Todi iyo partizanuli, romelTa Sesruleba evalebodaT fidaebs. arabul enaze “fidai” ewodeboda im kacs, vinc Tavs swiravda ideis gulisTvis. fidaebad irCevdnen gambedav da moxerxebul axalgaz-rdebs. maTi Tavganwirva da brma morCileba mbrZaneblis winaSe, erTi SexedviT, legenda egoneboda kacs.

venecieli istorikosi, marino sanuto mogviTxrobs: “ 1194 wels, dazavebis Jams, anri, Sampanis grafi da nominaluri mefe ierusalimisa stumrad ewvia siriis asasinTa mbrZanebels. erTxel, seirnobisas, mas maRali koSkis Tavze daanaxes TeTrebSi Cacmuli ramdenime Wabuki. asasinTa mbrZanebeli miubrunda jvarosan grafs da hkiTxa,- hyavs Tu ara masac ase-Tive morCili qveSevrdomebi. pasuxisTvis arc ki daucdia, raRac aniSna ors am WabukTagan, isinic maSinve gadmoeSvnen ko-

Skidan da ra Tqma unda miwamde suli ar CahyoliaT.”

fidaebi ar iyvnen ganswav-lulni Tavisi religiis saidum-loebebSi, magram saguldagulod iwvrTnebodnen iaraRis xmare-baSi, daRlilobis atanaSi da SeniRbvis xelovnebaSi. zogjer evropul enebsac swavlobdnen. markiz konrad monferatis mosak-lavad gagzavnilebma sakmarisad icodnen frangTa ena da zne-Cveulebani, raTa yvelas mieCnia isini qristian berebad im eqvsi Tvis manZilze, romelic maT gaa-tares gadacmulebma jvarosanTa banakSi, elodnen ra xelsayrel SemTxvevas.

fidaebis sicocxle yovelTvis bewvze ekida da iSviaTad eweraT gadarCena, radganac maT uyvardaT TavianTi davalebis Sesruleba sajarod, dramatul stilSi, rodesac Tavs esxmodnen mahmadian amiras meCeTSi paraskeobiT da qristian hercogs – eklesiaSi kviraobiT, salocavad Seyrili auareba xalxis Tvalwin. arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom Tavdacvis obieqti metwilad SeiaraRebuli iyo da sakmao amalac axlda Tan. fidai Tu moaswrebda, maSinve Tavs iklavda da sapatio sikvdils ege-beboda darwmunebuli imaSi, rom mas imave wuTidan eloda samoTxe. fidaebs kvaldakval mihyvebodnen mzveravebi, raTa moexsenebinaT ordenis mbrZaneblisTvis maTi warmateba an warumatebloba.

arsebobs gadmocema, rom erTi fidais dedam, rodesac gaigo davalebaze wasulTa daRupva, CaTvala, rom misi Svilic ar iqne-boda cocxali da sazeimod moir-To da moikazma, magram swored igi gadarCenoda sikvdils da cocxali dabrunda. amis danax-vaze dedam, glovis niSnad, maSinve ZaZebi Caicva.

tyved Cavardnili fidaebi, romelTac sastiki wamebiT xo-cavdnen, kidev axerxebdnen imas, rom mtrisTvis ziani mieyenebi-naT. erTma maTganma selCukianTa

sulTanis, sanjaris winaSe dak-iTxvis dros, asasinTa ordenis wevrebad gamoacxada ramodenime gamorCeuli amira da sasaxlis moxele, ris gamoc es udanaSaulo adamianebi dasajes. aseTi bral-deba, ragind didi Tanamdebobis ar unda yofiliyo eWvmitanili, safrTxeSi agdebda mis sicocx-les. ase daiRupnen samaryandis gamgebeli da qirmanis selCukTa ufliswuli.

TviT sulTan barqiarokzec miitanes eWvi, albaT imitom, rom xSirad mis mtrebs swored asasinebi anadgurebdnen. bar-qiarokma sakuTari xeliT gang-mira cilismwamebeli, xolo Tavis qveSevrdomTa gonebaSi aseTi eWvebis gasafantavad sastiki represiebi daatexa asasinebs, rom-lebic sapasuxod Tavs daesxnen sultans da mZimed daWres igi. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom asasinTa terori ar vrcelde-boda mosaxleobis dabal fenebze. asasinTa azriT, mkvlelobis me-Todi aramarto gmiruli, aramed samarTlianic iyo, radgan naklebi sisxli iRvreboda, vidre omebSi.

hasan sabahis raindebs maT-Tvis Soreul TbilisSic qoniaT fexi mokidebuli. 1139 wels, vinme ibrahim damRanelis xeliT, mokluli iqna Tbilisis yadi.

imxela iyo asasinTa mier daTesili SiSi mahmadianur samya-roSi, rom isini, visac raime codva miuZRoda maT winaSe, samoselis qveS mudmivad atarebdnen jaWvis perangs.

asasinebi zogjer mxolod muqariTac Semoifarglebodnen xolme. erTxel sulTan sanjari maTi cixis asaRebad mieSure-boda. erT mSvenier dilas Tavis karavSi Tvali rom gaaxila, iqve, sawolTan dainaxa miwaSi CarWo-bili xanjali da werili, romli-Tac afrTxilebdnen, rom misTvis ukeTesia ukan gabruneba, vinaidan es xanjali SesaZloa mis mkerdSi aRmoCndes. sparseli istorikosi juveini gvarwmunebs, rom alamu-

kidobani

#1 2010 23

warsulis furclebidan

43

Tis biblioTekaSi Tavisi TvaliT naxa sanjaris firmanebi asasinTa mbrZaneblisadmi, romelsac igi epirfereboda da ezaveboda.

aseve daemuqrnen saladins. mere orjer daesxnen Tavs, Tum-ca orjerve uSedegod. saxel-

ganTqmuli sultani egvi ptisa (igi warmoSobiT qurTi iyo), romelmac 1187 wels jvarosnebs “waruRo” ierusalimi da, ramden-ime weliwadSi, siria-palestinis umetesi nawilic, fidaebis SiSiT Rames aTevda xolme moZrav xis koSkSi.

SiSsa da siZulvils gamoxata-vda maTTvis Serqmeuli saxeli “haSaSin” im narkotikis miniS-nebiT, romelsac adamiani ugono siSmagemde mihyavs. sinamdvileSi haSiSi asasinTa saidumlo sa-kuTreba sruliadac ar yofila, magram mahmadianur samyaroSi Tvlidnen, rom arc erTi WkuaT-myofeli as ear gariskavda Tavis sicocxles da bunebrivia, fidai xelovnurad unda SeemzadebinaT TavganwirvisaTvis. amas ki viTo-mda haSiSiT aRwevdnen. haSiSiT mTvrals ezmaneboda mahmadianuri samoTxe; axalgazrda fidai ukve mzad iyo sikvdilisaTvis, oRond ki isev samoTxeSi dabrunebu-liyo (halucinaciebi “samoTxis”

sizmrebiT, haSiSis mowevisas, dadasturebulia specialuri samedicino gamokvlevebiT). (say-uradReboa, rom “asasini” da “mulidi” mtrebis mier Ser-qmeuli saxelebia, TviTon isini “ismailitebad” gvacnoben Tavs).

asasinebi xSirad jvarosnebTan erTad ebrZodnen mahmadianebs, magram arc jvarosnebs elol-iavebodnen. fidais xanjali ar arCevda qristians da mahmadians. xandaxan asasinebi daqiravebul mebrZolebadac gvevlinebian. magaliTad, fiqroben, rom konrad monferatis mkvleloba moxda riCard lomgulis davalebiT.

mulidebs Zalian xSirad uw-yobdnen sisxlian angariSswore-bas. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa sparseli istorikosis ravendis mier aRwerili epizodi: rodesac XII saukunis damdegs asasinebma xelT igdes cixe ispaanis max-loblad, selCukianebi friad SeSfoTdnen da alya Semoartyes cixes. asasinebs gauWirdaT, rad-gan SemoeliaT sursaTi. maTma winamZRolma, ibnaTaSma (aRsaniSna-via, rom igi vaWari iyo) Seatyo-bina es sulTanis vezirs, mulidTa farul mimdevars da daxmareba Txova. moiTmine ori-sami DdRe, sanam am ZaRls ( sultans) movspobo, - SeuTvala vezirma ibnaTaSs. sultani muhamedi zafxulis sicxeebs ver itanda da TveSi erTxel mainc sisxlis ga-moSvebas iyo miCveuli. mosyidul dalaqs mowamluli daniT saiqios unda gaestumrebina igi, magram saidumlo gegma gamomJRavnda da SeTqmuli sikvdiliT dasajes, xolo dalaqs missive mowamluli daniT gamouSves sisxli. gon-ebamixdili ibnaTaSi or dReSi danebda sultans. igi aqlemze Sesves da gaatares ispaanis quCeb-Si. is da misi TanamebrZolebi sastiki wamebiT dasajes, TumcaRa, sul male, fidaebma Suri iZies da msajulebi, wamebis monawileebi da TviT ispaanis yadic sicocxles gamoasalmes.

asasinebma Ziri gamouTxares Turq-selCukianTa Zlierebas. gamarTlda saxelganTqmuli veziris, nazim al muliqis winas-warmetyveleba. Tavis politi-kur traqtatSi “siaseT – name” igi afrTxilebda xelmwifes, rom mulidebze saSiSi mteri selCukebs ar hyavT. isini iyvnen yovelgvari ubedurebis momtanni. igi mouwodebda CanasaxSive Caex-So es moZraoba. man isic icoda, rom swored hasan sabahi iyo mulidTa motive da sastikad dev-nida mas. arsebobs legenda, rom nizam al muliqi, hasan sabahi da omar xaiami erTad swavlobdnen siymawvileSi. maT erTmaneTs Se-hfices, rom Tu romelime maTgani aRzevdeboda, danarCeni orisTvis mfarveloba gaewia. omar xaiamma politikur sarbiels poezia da mecniereba arCia, xolo pirveli ori selCukTa samefo karze daw-inaurdnen, TumcaRa hasan sabahma intrigebs mihyo xeli nizam al muliqis winaaRmdeg, magram am ukanasknelma ajoba da asasinTa ordenis momavali mbrZanebeli ordenidan gandevnes. TiTqosda amis gamo, hasan sabahma iZia Suri da fidaebis pirveli msx-verpli nizam al muliqi gaxda. saukunenaxevarze metxans eWiraT asasinebs alamuTi da mbrZaneb-lis sityvis warmoTqmisTanave mzad iyo Tavdadebuli fidai da xanjali.

1256 wels monRolebma aiRes alamuTi, gaZarcves da daangries. gamarjvebuli hulagu-yaeni avida cixis dasaTvaliereblad da am didebuli sanaxaobis mxilvelma raSid ed-dinis sityviT, “gancvi-frebis TiTze ikbina”.

monRolebma did-patariand amowyvites asasinebi ise, rom maTi kvalic ar darCenila. ismailitTa seqta, rogorc vTqviT, manamdec arsebobda da dResac boginobs aRmosavleTis zogierT qveyanaSi, magram asasinTa ordeni alamuTis dacemisTanave sabolood Cabarda istorias.

kidobani

#1 201024

ingliss, romelmac jer kidev mecxramete saukunis dasawyisSi karga magrad moikida fexi afrikis samxreTiT _ kapis koloniasa da natalSi, almasis qviSrobis aRmoCenis Semdeg udidesi interesi aReZra am materikisadmi. mas ar SeeZlo daeSva, rom es uSreti simdidre sxva vinmes egdo xelT.

qviSrobi erT-erTi adgilobrivi zangi tomis miwaze imyofeboda. am teritoriaze Tavis uflebebs acx-adebda agreTve burebis oranJis respublikac. inglisis imperializms mdgomareobidan gamosavali mdidarma kolonialurma gamocdilebam ukar-naxa. sakiTxi sul ubralod gadawyda: 1871 wels inglisis mTavrobam ubrZana kapis gubernators, daekavebina almasis qviSrobis teritoria. xuTi wlis Semdeg inglisis mTavrobam am teritoriisaTvis sul umniSvnelo Tanxa _ 90 aTasi girvanqa sterlin-gi gadauxada oranJis respublikas.

daiwyo samxreT afrikis ing-lisis koloniad gadaqcevis epoqa. igi aRsavse iyo provokaciebiT, mkv-lelobebiT, mSvidobian mosaxleobaze SeiaraRebuli TavdasxmebiT, erTi tomis meoreze gadakidebiT da sxva. am kolo-niuri epopeis, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi pirveli etapebis mowme da monawile gaxldaT momavali mwerali _ henri raider hagardi (1856-1925 ww).

inglisur aristokratiul ojax-ebSi ZvelTaganve arsebobda tradi-cia, gaegzavnaT Svilebi koloniebSi, sadac maT unda gaevloT erTgvari cxovrebiseuli skola. es aucilebeli iyo mmarTveli wreebis warmomadgen-lebisaTvis.

im xanebSi, roca axalgazrda hagardi Tavis karieras iwyebda, dedamiwis zurgze yvelaze mimzid-

veli kuTxe samxreT afrika iyo da cxrameti wlis hagardi 1875 wels gaemgzavra afrikaSi inglisis guberna-toris piradi mdivnis Tanamdebobaze. am Zalze dakvirvebul, cnobismoyvare da sxarti gonebis axalgazrdas ing-lisis koloniebSi karga xans mouxda yofna. aq gaecno zang tomebs, maT adaT- Cveulebebs, wesebs; Tavs gadaxda uamravi saintereso ambavi, rac Sem-dgom Tavis romanebSi gamoiyena.

1877 wels inglisis mTavrobam xelT igdo transvaali. hagardi am dros inglisis mTavrobis spe-cialuri rwmunebulis _ Sepstonis _ StabSi muSaobda. Semdgom ki momavali mwerali transvaalis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobda.

hagardi mowme gaxda imisa, Tu rogor igdo xelT britaneTis imperi-alizmma almasisa da oqros umdidresi sabadoebi.

hagardis romani, “solomon me-fis saganZuri” gamovida 1885 wels da sul ramdenime dReSi moupova av-tors saxeli. egzom didi warmateba, upirveles yovlisa, gamowveuli iyo ingliselebis udidesi interesiT samxreT afrikis da misi wiaRiseulis auracxeli simdidrisadmi. Tavgadasav-alTa da simdidris moyvarulebs romani kidev ufro ucxovelebda interess afrikis saidumloebiT mocul mTebSi dafluli ganZeulis aRweriT.

Tavi I Sexvedra henri kurtisTan

SeiZleba ucnauri geCvenoT is ambavi,

rom ager ormocdaTxuTmeti wlis kaci Seviqeni da kalams pirvelad axla movkide xeli. ar vici, ra saxes

miiRebs Cemi moTxroba da saerTod, Semwevs Tu ara Zala, davasrulo igi.

rodesac ganvlil cxovrebas gon-ebis TvaliT gavyureb, gaocebuli vrCebi: mikvirs xolme, ramdeni ramis gakeT-eba movaswar, ramdeni ram ganvicade da gadavitane. albaT Cemi sicocx-lis gzac ase usasrulod grZeli imitom meCveneba, rom Zalian adre gavebi mZime uRelSi. im asakSi, roca patara biWunebi skolaSi siaruls iwyeben, me ukve vSromobdi: vyiddi wvrilman saqonels Zvel koloniaSi, Semdeg vnadirobdi, vvaWrobdi, vmuSaobdi ma-RaroSi da, ase gasinjeT, vibrZodi kidec. mxolod am rva Tvis winaT Seviqeni mdidari adamiani da am-Jamad didZal qonebas vflob, Tumca jerjerobiT kargad arc ki vici, ra maqvs da risi patroni var. miuxedavad amisa, arafriT aRar davTanxmdebodi gadametana is, rac am TxuTmet-Teqvsmet TveSi gadavitane, Tundac winaswar mcodnoda, yvelaferi ase SesaniSnavad dasruldeboda da ase zRaprulad gavmdidrdebodi.

me erTi mokrZalebuli, Tavmdabali kaci gaxlavarT, mZuls sisxli da Zalmomreoba da, gulwrfelad rom gamogitydeT, am faTerakebma da ucn-aurma SemTxvevebma gvarianad momabezra Tavi.

ar vici, ratom daviwye am wignis wera, es xom Cemi saqme sulac ar aris! amasTan, arc ganaTlebul adamianad momaqvs Tavi, Tumca «Zvel aRTqmasa" da ingolZbis legendebs mudam didi siamovnebiT vkiTxulob.

asea Tu ise, Sevecdebi gagac-noT is mizezebi, ramac maiZula xeli momekida am mZime saqmisaTvis. jer erTi, xaTri veRar gavutexe ser henri

solomon mefis saganZuri

1867 wels samxreT afrikaSi, qalaq kimberlis maxloblad, aRmoaCines almasis qviSrobi. am aR-moCenas udidesi istoriuli mniSvneloba hqonda qveynisaTvis. mejoge burebisa da CamorCenili zangi tomebis patriarqalur mxares CanCqeriviT moaskda avantiuristi spekulantebisa da swrafi gamdidrebis mosurne saeWvo pirebis nakadi. isini zRapruli siswrafiT iZendnen qonebas. guSindeli mawanwala dRes ukve milioneri xdeboda.

henri raider hagardi

44

kidobani

#1 2010 25

kurtissa da kapitan guds, romelTac mTxoves amewera Cveni faTerakebiT aR-savse Tavgadasavali. meorec, amJamad Sin, durbanSi var da usaqmoba mklavs, radgan marcxena fexSi atexilma tkivilma kvlav sawols mimajaWva. es satkivari mtanjavs mas Semdeg, rac im wyeul loms gadaveyare. am cota xnis winaT ki Wriloba gamexsna da Cveulebrivze metad daviwye koWloba. albaT lomis kbilebSi aris raRac Sxami, Torem ras unda mieweros is ambavi, rom savsebiT moSuSebuli Wriloba isev da isev ixsnis xolme pirs? Tanac nu dagaviwydebaT, es xdeba yovelwliurad da mudam erTsa da imave dros.

Cems sicocxleSi samocdaxuTi lomi myavs mokluli. nadirobisas Tavze bewvic ki ar Semrxevia da gana sawyeni ar aris, rom iman, samocdameeqvsem, ase umowyalod damiRijna fe xi? es arRvevs saqmis bunebriv msvlelobas; me ki, sxva sikeT-esTan erTad, wesrigis moyvaruli kaci var da ar momwons es ambavi.

garda amisa, minda Cemma vaJiSvilma harim, romelic amJamad londonis erT-erT saavadmyofoSi praqtikaze imyofeba da male eqimi unda gaxdes, am moTxrobis kiTxvisas droebiT daiviwyos Tavisi saqmeebi da cotaTi mainc gaerTos. sabralo biWs saavad-myofoSi muSaobiT albaT Tavi aqvs mobezrebuli da vfiqrob, maincdamainc arc gvamebis gakveTa aniWebs did sia-movnebas... yovel SemTxvevaSi, haris es wigni mosawyeni ar moeCveneba da mis erTferovan cxovrebas oriode dRiT mainc gaaxalisebs. miT umetes, rom aq mraval saocar ambavs amoikiTxavs.

iqneb gagikvirdeT, am wignis fur-clebze, fulatas garda, arc erTi qali rom ar SegxvdebaT, Tumca, ras vambob, aris kidev gagula, magram axlac ar vici, qali iyo is Tu qaji. asea Tu ise, saTvalavSi Casagdebi ar aris, radgan sul cota, asi wlis mainc iqneboda da dameTanxmebiT, Tavisi qalobiT didad aravis daainteresebda.

magram xom ar aris dro, gaveba uRe-lSi da gavwio es mZime Wapani? aq, cota ar iyos, Zneli savalia da vSiSob, borblebianad WanWrobSi ar Cavefla. Tumca xarebi advilad amomaTreven

iqidan. Zlier uRleuls es ar gau-Wirdeba, susti ki, rasakvirvelia, verafers gaawyobs. ase da amgvarad, viwyeb Txrobas!

«me, alan quotermeni, natalis provinciis qalaq durbanis mcxovrebi, jentlmeni, ficsa vdeb da vacxadeb, rom..." amgvarad daviwye Cvenebis micema sasamarTloSi xivasa da ventfo-gelis sabediswero daRupvis gamo, magram wignisTvis aseTi dasawyisi maincdamainc Sesaferisi ar unda iyos.

veWvob agreTve, SemiZlia Tu ara jentlmeni vuwodo Cems Tavs? saer-Tod, ras niSnavs sityva «jentlmeni"? am sakiTxSi jerjerobiT kargad ver gavrkveulvar. Cems cxovrebaSi ara erTsa da or nigerTan mqonia saqme... ara, ara, wavSli am sityvas, ar momwons igi. me vicnobdi zangebs, romlebic namdvili jentlmenebi iyvnen, amaSi Senc dameTanxmebi, hari, Cemo biWiko, roca bolomde CaikiTxav am wigns... vicnobdi agreTve Zalze borotsa da flid TeTrkanianebs, jentlmenobisa rom ara ecxoT ra, Tumca fuli Tavsayrelad hqondaT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me jentlmenad var Sobili, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTi sawyali mewvrilmane da monadire gaxldiT. SemomrCa Tu ara cxovre-baSi jentlmenoba, es Tqven gansajeT, me verafers getyviT. ise ki, gamogitydebiT, Zalian didi survili mqonda jentlmeni vyofiliyavi.

Cems sicocxleSi bevri ada miani gamovasalme wuTisofels, magram umanko sisxliT xeli arasodes gamisvria. vklavdi mxolod maSin, roca iZulebuli viyavi, Tavi gadamerCina. ufalma gviboZa sicocxle da gvibrZana, dagvecva igi. mec mudam am mrwamsiT vmoqmedebdi da imedi maqvs, roca Cemi gankiTxvis Jami dadgeba, ufali momitevebs. vai, rom qveyana borotebiT aris savse da es wynari adamiani iZulebuli Seviqeni blomad dameRvara sisxli.

ar vici, sworad vmsjelob Tu ara, magram naqurdaliT xeli arasodes momiTbia, Tumca odesRac, erT kafrs motyuebiT gamovacale xelidan Zroxebis jogi. marTalia, valSi arc is damrCenia da kargadac gamacura, magram sindisi mainc dRemde mqenjnis.

amrigad, ser henri kurtissa da kapitan guds daaxloebiT Tvrameti Tvis winaT Sevxvdi. es Semdegnairad moxda:

imxanad bamangvatos maxlo-blad spiloebze vnadirobdi, magram ratomRac xeli momecara, bolos saSinelma cieb-cxelebam damria xeli. odnav movikeTe Tu ara, maSinve almasis qviSrobisaken gavwie. aq gavyide spilos Zvlebi, furgoni, xarebi, angariSi gavuswore monadireebs da Cavjeqi safosto karetaSi, romelic kapSi midi-oda. kapSi erTi kvira sastumroSi vcxovrobdi da, unda gamovtyde, sakmaod damicarieles jibe. saqme ara mqonda ra da, dro tyuilubralod rom ar dame-karga, gadavwyvite dameTvalierebina qalaqis yvela RirsSesaniSnavi adgili. moviare botanikuri baRebi, romelTac, Cemi azriT, qveynisTvis didi sikeTe da sargebloba moaqvT, movinaxule parlamentis Senobac, romelsac ara-visTvis araviTari sargebloba ar unda mohqondes. kviris sworze gadavwyvite «dankeldiT" natalSi davbrunebuli-yavi. es gemi imxanad navsadgurSi idga da inglisidan «edinburg kastls" moeloda. is iyo fuli gadavixade da gemze avedi, rom «edinburg kastlmac" moatana, natalSi mimavali mgzavrebi am gemidan «dankeldze" gadmosxdnen. mezRvaurebma Ruza auSves da Cven zRvaSi gavediT. axal mgzavrebs So-ris gembanze Cemi yuradReba orma kacma miipyro. erTi maTgani ase, ocdaaTiode wlis jentlmeni iqne-boda. gamogitydebiT, aseTi mosuli da lamazi mamakaci manamde arsad Semxvedria. mas qera Tma, sqeli wveri, saxis swori nakvTebi, Rrmad Camjdari nacrisferi Tvalebi hqonda da Tavisi garegnobiT ratomRac Zvel daniels momagonebda. es, rasakvirvelia, ar niSnavs imas, TiTqos danielebze bevri ram vicode. Cems cxovrebaSi mxolod erT daniels Sevxvdi da isic sakmaod gaiZvera aRmoCnda. ho, kidev erTxel, didi xnis winaT vnaxe suraTi. tiloze ramdenime batoni iyo daxatuli, isini Zalze waaga-vdnen TeTrkanian zulusebs. xelSi yanwebi eWiraT, grZeli Tma kizurgze Camo SlodaT.

45

kidobani

#1 201026

roca kibesTan Cvens axal mgzavrs vucqerodi, uneblieT gamielva fiqrma, am kacma Tma odnav rom moizardos, javSani Caicvas, xelSi sabrZolo najaxi da kaTxa daiWiros, Tavisuflad SeeZleba im suraTisTvis pozireba-meTqi.

sxvaTa Soris, Semdgom Sevityve, rom henri kurtisis ZarRvebSi (henri kurtisi is maRal-maRali jentlmeni gaxldaT) marTlac Cqefda daniuri sisxli. saocaria, rogor iCens xolme Tavs memkv-idreoba! ho, kurtisi viRac Cems Zvel nacnobsac mivamsgavse, magram vis, veRar gavixsene.

sul sxva iyo meore mamakaci, ser henris rom esaubreboda. Sevxede Tu ara, imwamsve gavifiqre, sazRvao oficeri iqneba-meTqi. ar vici, ratom da sazRvaosno oficrebs Tvalis erTi SevlebiT icnobs xolme kaci. me ramdenjerme mqonda SemTxveva, menadira maTTan erTad da yovelTvis kmayofili vrCebodi. yvelani araCveulebrivad gabeduli, sasiamovno vaJkacebi iyvnen, rac ase iSviaTia Cvens droSi. mxolod erTi ram ar momwons maTi _ Zalian uyvarT uSveri sityvebi da lanZRva-gineba. Tu gagondebaT, am moTxrobis dasawyisSi vikiTxe, vin aris namdvili jentlmeni-meTqi? axla SemiZlia am kiTxvaze gipasuxoT. namdvili jentlmeni britaneTis samefo flotis ofic-eri gaxlavT. Tumca, rasakvirvelia, gamonaklisi maT Sorisac aris. vfiqrob, zRvis ukidegano sivrce da msusxavi qarebi, romelTac TviT RmerTebis sunTqva moaqvT, wmenden da akrialeben maT gulebsa da grZnobebs yovelgvari sibilwisagan. magram davubrundeT Cvens moTxrobas. me axlac marTali gamovdeqi.

es kaci marTlac yofili sazRvao oficeri iyo. umwikvlod emsaxura misi udidebulesobis, britaneTis dedoflis flotSi Cvidmeti weli da sruliad moulodne-lad, sakuTari survilis gareSe, kapitnis CiniT rezervSi Caer-icxaT. ai, ra moeliT adamianebs, romlebic dedoflis samsaxurSi

imyofebian. rogorc ki codnasa da gamocdilebas daagroveben da maTi niWi, maTi unari srulad gaifurCqneba, Tavidan icileben, us-poben yovelgvar saarsebo wyaros da cxovrebis boboqar talRebSi moisvrian xolme. SesaZloa, isini urigdebian kidec aseT cxovrebas, magram me mirCevnia, lukmapuri nadi-robiT viSovno. ra Tqma unda, fuli cota meqneba, magram, samagierod, damcirebasa da zedmet Witlayebs gadavurCebi.

kapitani jon gudi _ me misi saxeli da gvari mgzavrTa siaSi amovikiTxe _ ocdaaTiode wlis, Caf-skvnili, saSualo tanis SavTmiani da sakmaod originaluri garegnobis mamakaci iyo. Zalze faqizad da gemovnebiT ecva, wveri guldagul gaeparsa, Tvalze ki monokli edga. es monokli zed Sexorcebuli gegonebo-daT, radgan uzonrod atarebda da mxolod maSin moixsnida xolme, roca gawmendas daapirebda. Cemi gulubryvilobiT megona, sawolSi-ac ase Zinavs-meTqi, magram mere davrwmundi, rom vcdebodi. Zilis win monokls, xelovnur kbilebTan erTad, Sarvlis jibeSi inaxavda. kbilebi ori wyvili hqonda, Tanac, ise ostaturad naxelavi, rom xSirad maviwydeboda meaTe mcneba, radgan sakuTariT maincdamainc kmayofili ar viyavi.

me mgonia, cota avCqardi. zRvaSi rom gavediT, male

mosaRamovda, napiridan susxianma qarma daqrola, cota wamowinwkla kidec. mgzavrebma kaiutebs Seafares Tavi da gembani male dacarielda. Cvens brtyelfskerian gems msubuqi tvirTi mihqonda, amitomac talRebi Tavis nebaze aTamaSebda. zogjer gvegona, sadac aris, gadavyiravdebiTo, magram, sabednierod, msgavsi araferi momxdara.

gembanze veRar gavZeli, dabla Cavedi da samanqano ganyofilebasTan davdeqi. aq Tbiloda. Tanac daxris sazoms Sevyurebdi da Tavs virTobdi. xelsawyos isari nel-nela moZraobda da gemis yovel daferdebaze daxris kuTxes

uCvenebda. -esec daxris sazomia raRa, mgoni,

Semowmebulic ar aris! - braziT Cailaparaka viRacam Cem gverdiT.

mivixede da swored is ofic-eri davinaxe, weRan gembanze Cemi yuradReba rom miipyro.

-marTla? ratom fiqrobT ase? - gavepasuxe.

-ratom fiqrobo? aq safiqrali ra aris? gemi rom marTla im gradusamde gadaxriliyo, es xelsawyo rom uCvenebs, maSinve gadavyiravdebodiT; Tumca savaWro flotis kapitans sxva ra moe-Txoveba, magaTze daudevari aravin minaxavs.

swored am dros gaisma gongis xma. mgzavrebs sadilad uxmobdnen. aman Zalze gamaxara, radgan auta-neli mosasmenia, roca britaneTis flotis kapitani savaWro flotis kapitnis Semkobas iwyebs. amaze ua-resi mxolod erTi ram aris _ usmino, ra gulaxdilad TaTxavs savaWro flotis kapitani britaneTis flotis oficrebs. me da kapitani gudi kaiut-kompaniaSi CavediT. ser henri kurtisi ukve sufras ujda. kapitani gudi gverdiT moujda, me ki maT pirdapir davikave adgili. me da kapitanma nadirobaze Camovag-deT saubari. igi kiTxvas kiTxvaze mayrida, me ki vcdilobdi, rac SeiZleba, amomwuravi pasuxi gameca. male spiloebzec CamovagdeT sityva.

_ bedi gqoniaT, ser, _ Tqva viRac ucnobma Cem gverdiT, _ quotermenze ukeTesad vis SeuZlia spiloebze rame giTxraT.

ser henri aqamde uxmod ismenda Cvens saubars. am sityvebze ki SesamCnevad SekrTa.

_ mapatieT, ser, Tqven alan quotermeni xom ar brZandebiT? _ boxi xmiT mkiTxa man.

_ gaxlavarT-meTqi, _ vupasuxe. «marTlac bedi mqonia", _ TavisTvis

Cailaparaka ser henrim, CemTvis ki aRa-raferi uTqvams.

nasadilevs kaiut-kompaniidan rom gamovdiodiT, ser henri mTxova, CemTan SemobrZandiT, Cibuxi gavab-oloTo. kaiuta farTo da naTeli

46

kidobani

#1 2010 27

iyo. gembanze gadioda. igi ori kaiutisagan gadaekeTebinaT. odesRac erT-erT warCinebul frants «dan-keldiT" zRvis sanapiros gaswvriv umogzauria, es kaiutac maSin misTvis mouwyviaT, tixari auRiaT da mere aRar aRudgeniaT. kai-utaSi farTo divanis win patara magida idga, ser henrim stiuards viski SeukveTa, Cven ki amasobaSi Cibuxebi gavaCaReT.

_ mister quotermen, _ Tqva ser henrim, roca stiuardma viski Semoitana da lampa aanTo, _ SarSanwin, daaxloebiT am dros, mgoni, transvaalis CrdiloeTiT, bamangvatoSi iyaviT, ara?

_ diax, diax, _ mivuge gaoce-bulma. gamikvirda, am ucxo ada-mianma saidan icis, sad viyavi da sad ara-meTqi.

_ Tqven iq vaWrobdiT? _ mk-vircxlad SemekiTxa gudi.

_ ho, saqonliT datvirTuli furgoni waviyvane, bamangvatoSi gavCerdi da sanam yvelaferi ar mivyid-movyide, fexi ar movicvale.

ser henri Cem pirdapir mownul savarZelSi ijda, idayve-biT magidas dayrdnoboda, TvalCa-ciebiT micqerda da raRac ucnaurad aRelvebuli Canda.

_ SemTxveviT xom ar Sexvedrix-arT iq vinme nevils? _ mkiTxa man.

_ rogor ara, nevilma Tavisi furgoni swored Cemi furgonis gverdiT daayena. oriode kvira dahyo iq. undoda xarebi daesvenebina da isev ganegrZo gza. am ramdenime Tvis winaT viRac veqilis wer-ilic miviRe, mTxovda, Tu iciT, macnobeT, nevili saiT gaemgza-vrao; mec dauyovnebliv mivwere, rac vicodi.

_ diax, _ miTxra ser hen-rim, _ im veqilma gadmomigzavna Tqveni werili, sadac atyobinebdiT, jentlmeni, gvarad nevili, maisis pirvel ricxvebSi bamangvatodan furgoniT gaemgzavra, Tan kafri monadire jimi axldao. nevils undoda, ainaitamde, matabeles sul bolo dasaxlebamde misuliyo, iq furgoni gaeyida da gza fexiT

ganegrZoo. iwerebodiT agreTve, nev-ils marTlac gauyidia Tavisi fur-goni, radgan eqvsi Tvis Semdeg mas erTi portugalieli vaWari daa-tarebdao. portugaliels furgoni ainaitSi TeTrkanianisagan eyida. im kacis saxeli aRar axsovda, magram dabejiTebiT ambobda, isa da misi Sav-kaniani gamyoli sanadirod afrikis Suagulisken wavidneno.

_ sruli simarTlea, _ davudas-ture me.

erTxans samiveni Cumad visxediT. _ mister quotermen, _ mou-

lodnelad miTxra ser henrim _ Tqven, rasakvirvelia, ar iciT da verc xvdebiT, ram aiZula Cemi... hm, diax... mister nevili CrdiloeT-isken dasdgomoda gzas.

_ rogor ara, cota raRac vici, _ mivuge da gavCumdi, ar mindoda am sakiTxze laparaki.

ser henrim da gudma erT-maneTs gadaxedes, kapitanma mravalm-niSvnelovnad daaqnia Tavi.

_ mister quotermen, _ ganagrZo ser henrim, _ minda raRac gagandoT da rCeva gkiTxoT, advili SesaZle-belia, Tqveni daxmarebac damWirdes. Cemma veqilma Tqveni werili gadmomca da miTxra: SegiZliaT mister quotermens savsebiT en-doT, mas natalSi kargad icnoben, saerTo pativiscemiT sargeblobs, Tanac iseTi kacia, rom saidumlos arasodes gascemso.

me darcxveniT davukari Tavi da, uxerxuloba rom damefara, gazavebuli viski odnav movsvi.

_ mister quotermen, axla aRarafers dagimalavT, mister nevili Cemi Zmaa.

_ oh, _ wamoviZaxe me da uceb gamaxsenda, vis magonebda ser henri

kurtisi. mister nevili ufro tanmorCili iyo, wveric Savi hqonda, magram Zmebi TvalebiT da saxis moyvanilobiT Zalian waa-gavdnen erTmaneTs.

_ mister nevili Cemi er-TaderTi Zmaa, _ ganagrZo ser henrim, _ rac Tavi maxsovs, uerT-maneTod dRec ar gagvitarebia.

am xuTiode wlis winaT ki didi ubedureba dagvatyda Tavs: samkvdro-sasicocxlod viCxubeT (es xSirad emarTebaT xolme Zalian daaxloebul adamianebs) da me mas sakmaod cudad moveqeci.

aq kapitanma gudma, TiTqos am sityvebis dadastureba surso, energiulad daaqnia Tavi. am dros Cveni gemi karga magrad daferdda, kedlis didi sarke zed Cems Tavze moeqca da sarkeSi gamoCnda kapitani, romelic gamalebiT akanturebda Tavs.

_ uTuod mogexsenebaT, _ ga-nagrZo ser henrim, _ rom didi britaneTis kanonebis mixedviT, Tu kaci mokvda ise, rom anderZis datoveba ver moaswro, da Tu mas ar gaaCnda sxva qoneba, garda miwisa, romelsac CvenSi uZrav sakuTrebas eZaxian, yvelaferi misi ufrosi Svilis xelSi ga-dadis. samwuxarod, mamaCveni swored maSin gardaicvala, rodesac me da Cemi Zma erTmaneTs vemdurodiT. kanonis mixedviT, mTeli adgil-mamulis mflobeli me Seviqeni, Cemi Zma ki ulukmapurod darCa, radgan arc fuli gaaCnda da arc raime profesia hqonda. rasakvirvelia, valdebuli viyavi mimeca mis-Tvis wili, magram am droisTvis Cvens Soris mdgomareoba imdenad gamwvavda (am sityvebs Rrma oxvra mohyva), rom saamisod Tavi aRar Seviwuxe. ar ifiqroT, TiTqos msurda usamarTlod movpyrobodi, magram sul velodi, gauWirdeba da pirvelad TviTon Semirigdeba-meTqi. mapatieT, aseT wvrilmanebze rom gelaparakebiT, magram TqvenTvis amTaviTve yvelaferi naTeli unda iyos. xom asea, gud?

_ rasakvirvelia, _ miugo kapi-tanma, _ darwmunebuli var, mister quotermeni ar gagTqvamT.

_ eg TavisTavad igulisxmeba, _ vupasuxe me. _ unda giTxraT, Zalian vamayob imiT, rom saidumlos Senaxva mexerxeba.

gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi

47

kidobani

#1 201028

rafa benitesis

samwvrTnelo kredo anu riT hgavs `interi~ `liverpuls~

- ram ganapiroba Tqveni warmate-buli sezonis dasawyisi? Cans, rom ukve SeegueT gunds...…

- starti marTlac warmatebu-lia, Tumca, es jer kidev arafers niSnavs. sezonis dasrulebamde didi dro rCeba. imedi maqvs, rom bolomde SevZlebT saqmis miyvanas. fexburTelebma ukve daamtkices, rom SeuZliaT Cemi moTxovnebis Sesruleba. minda, rac SeiZleba ukeTesad viTamaSoT metoqis karis siaxloves. es mTavari moTxovnile-baa im gundisTvis, romelsac aqvs ambicia TamaSis bolomde akontro-los burTi. es ar aris martivi amocana.

kargad Seviswavle `interi~ da davaskveni, rom gamarjvebebs yo-velTvis dacvidan Setevaze swrafi gadasvlis meSveobiT aRwevda. gundi arcTu didi xnis ganmavlo-baSi flobs burTs da am Sansis gaCenisTanave midis gamwvavebaze.

- rogor fiqrobT, ra saTamaSo sqemaa ̀ interisaTvis~ optimaluri?

- Cven SegviZlia viTamaSoT 4-2-3-1 sqemiT, anda 4-3-3-iT... kambiaso odnav win wavwie. ori sayrdeni naxevarmcveliT TamaSi ufro gv-aSorebs metoqis kars, saTamaSo rgolebs Soris manZilic didia, rac maT gamarTul urTierTmoqmedebasac ver uwyobs xels. minda amgvari ram Tavidan avicilo. kambiaso sakmaod kargad erTveba SetevebSi, rogorc

moTamaSe. vityvi imasac, rom is sakmaod mgavs, uyvars saubari... misi saxiT faqtobrivad mwvrTnelia moedanze...

- wina sezonis msgavsad, eto’os xom ar ekargeba survili dacvasac daexmaros?

- eto’o namdvili profesiona-lia. man miTxra, rom mzadaa moe-danze gaakeTos yvelaferi, rasac me davavaleb da rac gundisTvis iqneba sasargeblo. nebismier SemTx-vevaSi, roca gundi metoqis karTan axlos TamaSobs, mas ar sWirdeba didi drois daTmoba dacviTi sis-temebisTvis.

- rogor moagvareT situacia `interis~ gasaxdelSi?

- CemTvis saxalisoa vaswavlo moTamaSeebs fexburTis ostatoba, fexburTelebamde mivitano is, risi naxvac minda moedanze.

- Tumca, arsebobs sakmaod basri barierebic - maikoni da baloteli myavs mxedvelobaSi...

- yovelTvis vixseneb ras am-bobda msgavsi situaciebis Sesaxeb warsulSi madridis `realis~ mwvrTneli luis van gaali: nu viC-qarebT, nu vimoqmedebT instiqturad, davicadoT, vnaxoT ra mimarTulebiT ganviTardeba movlenebi, sazogadoeba gansazRvravs bazris moTxovnebs da Cven mas unda movergoT...

- ar geSiniaT, rom momavalSi mogixsenion mwvrTnelad, romelic balotelis gundidan wasvlis mizezi gaxda?

- kidev vimeoreb, me ar ganvs-azRvrav bazris moTxovnebs, Tanac erTi moTamaSe sruliadac ar niSnavs mTlian gunds. ar unda ga-davayoloT erTis kaprizebs gundis interesebi, miTumetes, rom sakmaod mravlad gvyavs “interSi” Zlieri fexburTelebi.

- Tqven ver aicilebT Tavidan imas, rom mudmivad Segadaron mour-inios...

- me es vici da imasac vgrZnob, rom nebismier dros SemiZlia sit-uaciis ukeTesobisken Semobruneba. is, risi miRwevac minda iseT prezi-dentTan erTad rogoric moratia, sruliad realuria.

`CemTvis metoqe gundis mwvrTneli upirvelesad pirovnebaa, romelsac pativi unda sce...~kargi TamaSi, harmonia, metoqisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatva - swored esenia rafa benitesis safexbur-

To filosofiis mTavari aspeqtebi. aranairi konfliqti, mTavari prioritetia moedanze fexburTelTa SesaZleblobebis Cveneba.

rafa benitess, `liverpulSi~ mravalwliani muSaobis Semdeg, mimdinare sezonSi axali gamowveva aqvs. man italiis `interi~ Caibara. ar aris ioli im gundSi muSaoba, romelsac adre Joze mourinio uZRveboda. man klubis istoriaSi saukeTeso Sedegebs miaRwia.

unda iTqvas, rom benitesis debiuti warmatebuli aRmoCnda - CempionTa ligaSi Catarebuli sami TamaSis Semdeg “san siros” binadarT 7 qula aqvT, amasTan 5 quliT uswreben mesame adgilze myof “verders”. rac Seexeba seria A-s, “interi” aqac warmatebiT gamodis da liderTa Sorisaa.

sporti

48

kidobani

#1 2010 29

- modiT gulaxdilad miTx-ariT, ar geCqarebaT mourinios daupirispirdeT CempionTa ligaze?

- me minda mudmivad gamarjve-buli viyo, ar aqvs mniSvneloba vin iqneba metoqe. pativs vcem yvelas, vinc Cemamde iyo gundSi. ar aris gonivruli sxvis samuSaos gamoe-kido, Tanac udierad moixsenio. mouriniomac xom gaagrZela man-Cinis dawyebuli saqme?! Semdeg ki `CelsiSi~ ranieri Caanacvla.mour-iniosTvis arasdros iyo saficari `interi~. yovelTvis arsebobda molodini, rom gundidan nebismier dros wavidoda. iseTi STabeWdile-ba iqmneba, rom Tqvengan verasdros movismenT italiis mimarT gakeT-ebul msgavs mkveTr gancxadebebs da verc Tqveni mouTmenlobis mowmeni gavxdebiT... aq bevri iseTi ram vnaxe, rac momewona. sasiamovnoa imuSao prezidentTan, romelsac aqcenti maradiul Rirebulebebze aqvs aRebuli. fiqrobs xangrZliv warmatebebze gaTvalos Tavisi mo-qmedeba. ase rom, mgonia `interSi~, `liverpulis~ msgavsad, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vimuSaveb.

- Tqveni azriT, ra gansxvavebaa `liverpulsa~ da ̀ inters~ Soris?

- es aris ori sakmaod msgavsi realoba. es exeba rogorc gundebs, aseve gulSematkivrebs. `interic~ da `liverpulic~ mieCvivnen, rom mudmivad ibrZolon yvelas winaaRm-deg. amis Sedegad orive gunds mtkice mentaliteti Camouyalibda. `liverpulSi~ arasdros ar damiyr-ia far-xmali, arasdros Sevguebivar warumateblobas. vcdilobdi Cems gulSematkivarTan erTad mebrZola axal-axali gamarjvebebisTvis. Tuki msgavsi ram saWiro iqneba, mzad var `interSic~ igive gavakeTo.

Cemi muSaobis mTavar meTodikaSi umTavresi adgili uWiravs meto-qis pativiscemas. did yuradRebas vaqcev mwvrTnelisadmi mowinaaRm-dege gundis ganwyobas, radgan kargad vici, ramdenad rTulia es samuSao, Tuki xelmZRvanelob imaze sust gunds, vidre metoqea.

- rodis mixvdiT, rom mwvrTneli gamoxvidodiT?

- 13 wlisa mentalitetiT ukve mwvrTneli viyavi. roca patarao-bisas vTamaSobdi, yovelTvis Tan mqonda rveuli, sadac Canawerebs vakeTebdi. viwerdi Sedegebs da statistikur monacemebs. 16 wlisa megobrebTan erTad vTamaSobdi da amavdroulad maTi mwvrTnelic vi-yavi. mesame divzionSi, centraluri naxevarmcvelis poziciaze TamaSi-sas, moedanze yovelTvis vaZlevdi miTiTebebs Tanagundelebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT mamaCemTan mudmivi kamaTi mqonda. meubneboda: cota

ilaparake da bevri gaitaneo.…- vin iyo TqvenTvis misabaZi

magaliTi?- fexburTelebidan bekenbaueri,

rac Seexeba mwvrTnelebs, sakmaod detalurad viswavle italiuri fexburTi, xSirad mivdiodi kover-Cianos bazaze, Zalian momwonda ari-go saki da misi formaciis ̀ milani~. aseve udidesi pativiscemiT var gamsWvaluli fabio kapelosa da klaudio ranieris mimarT. kargad maxsovs am ukanasknelis `fioren-tina~, Zalian damaintrigebeli iyo misi muSaobis stili da meTodebi.

- ra rols iTamaSebs `interSi~ axalgazrdoba?

- Cveni mTavari mizania maT mivceT biZgi. yvela erTxmad mianiSnebs, Tu ra mniSvnelovania axali Taobis roli gundisTvis. arada, mxolod

axlandeli mogebebi undaT. es niS-navs, rom aqcenti keTdeba realur Sedegze da ara Sorsmaval mizanze. amitomac ar eZlevaT xSirad Sansi axalgazrdebs...

- espaneTSi sakmaod kargad ax-erxeben am ori amocanis erTmaneT-Tan Serwymas...

- espaneTSi amis gakeTeba Se-darebiT iolia, radgan axalgazrda fexburTelebis done gacilebiT maRalia, magram faqtia isic, rom `barselonas~ amisTvis didi xnis lodini dasWirda, madridis `re-alSi~ ki am kuTxiT jerac mZime situaciaa. inglisSi am sakiTxs udidesi moTminebiT epyrobian. Cemi azriT, Tu ginda rom Seni moTama-Seebi gyavdes, saWiroa maTi Zebna daiwyo bavSvTa Soris da daucado, rodis gaizrdebian. isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom iseTi moTa-maSeebi, rogorebic rauli, jerardi da runia, aT weliwadSi erTxel Tu ibadebian...…

- inglisSi Tqven saxeli gaiTqviT imiT, rom saSinao pirvelobis mogeba ver SeZeliT...…

- `liverpulSi~ muSaobisas, pirvelive sezonSive movaxerxe 82 qulis mogroveba, rac sarekordo maCvenebeli iyo. sami wlis Semdeg 86 qula movagrove da amiT kidev erTi rekordi gavaumjobese, magram amave wels `manCester iunaitedis~ maCvenebeli 90 qula iyo. arada, Cadebuli satransfero Tanxis sxvaoba `manCestersa~ da `liver-puls~ Soris 100 milion evros Seadgenda weliwadSi. .`Celsis~ abramoviCi hyavs da yvelaferi naTe-lia... me aqeT gekiTxebiT, roca aseTi xelSesaxebi finansuri sxvaobaa, meti ra unda moeTxovaT Cemgan?

- fexburTelTagan, romelTac adre wvrTnidiT, vis xilvas isur-vebdiT `interSi~?

- Zalian momwonda milito, gan-sakuTrebiT maSin, roca ̀ saragosaSi~ TamaSobda. am gundSi CemTan erTad muSaobda pelegrini. Cveni saubris Tema ki mudmivad milito iyo...

sporti

49

kidobani

#1 201030

***gurulma yvavi daiWira,

gauRo niskarti da WaWis arayi Caasxa. yvavma fexebi gafSika._ e, maia dedas ro gvtirobs,

Tu ara, Cvenc qe vicocxlebdiT samas weliwads.

***

gamomZiebelTan dakiTxvaze:- saidan, Se axvaro, es amdeni

simdidre, xalxis fuliT gam-didrdi, ara?!!

- sad aqvs xalxs magdeni fuli...

***

eleqtrosaqonlis maRaziaSi:- uTo gaqvT?- romeli firmis an rogori

gnebavT, teflonis Tu liTonis, Zlieri Tu susti, reguliatoriT Tu ...

- yvelaze mtkivneuli rome-lia?

***mefem TavisTan daibara rusi,

amerikeli da Cineli. samives misca TiTo tomara orcxobila, TiTo ZaRli da uTxra:

-vinc ufro met rames aswav-lis ZaRls, imas samefosac mivcem da mzeTunaxav qaliSvilsac mi-

vaTxovebo. ramodenime dRis Semdeg dai-

bara samive da ekiTxeba:- ra aswavle?-joxis motana ! -pasuxobs

amerikeli. mas moklaven. gamodis Cineli.- ra aswavle?-joxis motana, jdoma da wola. moklaven amasac.gamodis rusi.- ra aswavle?-vova, mome ra "suxari"-eubneba

ZaRli russ. ***

ori fsiqiatris saubari:-ici rom Cvens ganyofilebaSi

ukuRmarTi paranoiiT daavadebu-lia?

-ukuRmarTi? eg rogor?-rogor da mas hgonia rom

viRacas uTvalTvalebs.

***

-iciT, rom axla Tqvens kbi-lebs udidesi safrTxe emuqreba?!

-ki magram eqimo me yoveldRe vixexav kbilebs.

-xo, magram Tqven axlaxans Cems axalTaxal "aifons" daajeqiT.

***guruli Sedis eklesiaSi da

loculobs:-ro xar, qe vici. rafra var, qe ici. apa, Sen ici!

***

raWveli eqims sayvedurobs:- eqimo, Tqven rom RamiT Wama

amikrZaleT, magitom gavcivdi.- mere eg ra SuaSia?- rogor Tu ra SuaSia? mTeli

Rame Ria macivris win videqi da moxarSul dedals vuyurebdi!

***raWvels ekiTxebian: -TqvenTan raWaSi rom miwisZ-

vrebi iyo rogor moiqeciT?

- qve Zlivs SevaswariT sax-lSi- pasuxobs raWveli.

***svani aivanze dgas da xmals

iqnevs:_ ras Svrebi?_ biWi SemeZina da Tofi ara

maqvs.

***svani Sedis jixurSi da gamy-

idvels eubneba:-"kenti" momeciT-ra nomeri?-pirSi Cametios da...ra no-

meric ginda is iyos!

***svani zis da wamlebs ylapavs - cudad xom ar xar?- ekiTxeba

mezobeli - ara, xvale vada gasdis da

xom ar gadavyri?!

***-mosamarTle ekiTxeba bral-

debuls:

- ratom gadaiyvaneT matare-beli relsebidan da ratom moka-liT kaci?

- davinaxe, rom liandagze ijda !

- mere ver gadauare?- xoda, sadac davewie iq ga-

davuare!

anekdotebi

iumori

50

pablo ruis pikaso _ XX saukunis

yvelaze ZviradRirebuli mxatvari

axalSobili pablo yvelas mkvdari egona, mas sicocxlis niSanwyalic ar etyoboda. biZamisis, don salvadoris cnobismoyvareobam ki igi gardauvali sikvdilisgan ixsna. don salvadorma Cvils sigareti miabola, am dros pataras mimikebi ecvala, ramac iq my-ofebi daarwmuna rom is cocxali iyo. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pikasoSi Tavidanve fermweri cxovrobda. pirveli sityva, romelic patara pablom warmoTqva iyo “fanqari”. Tavisi pirveli seriozuli qmnileba man rva wlis asakSi daxata, es iyo zeTSi Sesrulebuli tilo _ “pikadori”.

pikaso xasiaTiT namdvili espaneli iyo, xolo, rogorc Semoqmedi, sxva espaneli mxatvrebisgan gansxvavebiT, mx-olod frangul kulturas ekuTvnoda. parizi yovelTvis izidavda xelovan adamianebs, xels uwyobda maT azrovne-bas, fantazias, uneburad es lamazi qalaqi maTi muza xdeboda. “parizSi Tavisufleba vigrZeni”_ werda pablo da swored parizis uCveulo xiblma ganapiroba misi namuSevrebis warmateba.

pikasos Semoqmedeba ramdenime etapad (adrindel, cisfer, vardisfer, afrikul, siurealistur da gviandel periodebad) iyofa. misi namuSevrebi yovelTvis azrTa sxvadasxvaobas da kamaTs iwvevda. pikaso arasodes yo-fila CarCoebSi moqceuli mxatvari, igi yovelTvis Tavisufali Semoqme-debiTi eqsperimentebiT gamoirCeoda. mxatvars sakuTari Tavis mimarT Rrma rwmena, eqspansiuroba da impulsuroba axasiaTebda. mudmivad eZebda sruliad gansxvavebul formebs. Ziebam da eqs-perimentebma pablo kubizmamde miiyvana. pikasos mxatvrobaSi formaTa Ziebis eqsperimenetebi aRizianebda CerCils, trumenma mis Semoqmedebas arc meti, arc naklebi _ garyvnileba uwoda, xolo hitlerma mxatvris namuSevrebi muzeumidan Camoaxsnevina. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, pikasos Semoqmedebas uamravi Tayvanismcemeli hyavda, maT Soris iyvnen im droisTvis gamoCenili adamianebi: verkori, aragoni, eluari da sxvebi.

popularobis miuxedavad, 1917 wlis 18 maiss, pikasos Semoqmedebas kritikis qarcecxli daatyda. sa-baleto premiera “aRlumze”, roca mayurebelma ixila mxatvris Se-qmnili dekoraciebi, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamo darbazSi xel-CarTuli Cxubi gaimarTa. pikasoze saubrobda parizuli bomondi, sau-brobdnen yvelgan da yovelTvis.

swored speqtakl “aRlumze” axalgazrda pablom gaicno misi pirveli coli, sabaleto dasis ulamazesi rusi mocekvave olga xoxlova, romelzec iqorwina 1918 wlis 12 Tebervals.

mxatvris energia da usazRvro siyvaruli ferwerasa da qalebs Tanabrad eTmoboda. Tavisi saqmis gamo mas arasodes uTqvams uari amqveyniur tkbobaze. qalebs pi-kasos SemoqmedebaSi udidesi wv-lili aqvT Setanili. swored maT uZRvnida igi Tavis namuSevrebs. mxatvars sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi aTeulobiT sayvareli da amasTanave uamravi modeli umSvenebda gverds. maTi “Secnobac” pablosTvis did sirTules ar warmoadgenda. 1958 wels ukve moxuci_72 wlis pikaso colad irTavs 26 wlis Jaklin roks. mxatvarma uamravi naxati Tu graviura miuZRvna Jaklins, romelic misi bolodroindeli Semoqmedebis mTvar muzad iqca.

Tavis namuSevrebSi pablo yo-velTvis srulyofilia. funjiT bolomde mogviTxrobs siuJets da Cven, “mkiTxvelebs” ar gvitovebs fantaziis saSualebas, rom gonebaSi mainc raime Strixi davamatoT nax-ats. is yovelTvis imarjvebs Tavis SedevrebSi. misi naxatebi yovelTvis migviTiTeben mis sulier mdgomare-baze. pablom Zalian ganicada ger-manelebis da italielebis mier baskebis patara qalaqis_gernikas dabombvis faqti da or Tviani dauRa-lavi muSaobis Semdeg man Seqmna erT-erTi genialuri tilo _ “gernika”. es namuSevari datvirTulia kubi-

zmur_siurealisturi elementebiT.mxatvris Semoqmedebis nair-

saxovani amplitudebi metyvelebs imaze, rom eqspansiuri namuSevrebis gverdiT, mis mxatvrobaSi mravlad SevxvdebiT simSvidis mopovebis da sibrZnis wvdomis Temebs. miuxeda-vad misi cvalebadi da energiuli cxovrebisa, mas Seswevs Zala aRiaros diad faseulobebze dafiqrebul kacTa upiratesoba, mas SeuZlia Cawvdes adamianis sulis moZraobas.

pikasos zogierTi miTologiuri gmiris da mtredebis xatva uyvarda.msoflio mSvidobis mxardasaWerad, kongresis posterisTvis 1946 wels man daxata saqveynod cnobili ”mSvidobis mtredi”. pablo afasebs yvelafers, rasac adamianis guli Seupyria, igi maqsimalistia da ar cnobs sanaxevro qmedebebs.

70 wels gadacilebuli pikaso Tavdauzogavad muSobda Tavis naxate-bze. is samuSaod iyenebda yvelanair masalas, TiToeul nivTs Sesaferisi adgili ekava mis SemoqmedebaSi... sax-elosnoSi, sadac sruli qaosi sufe-vda, uamravi gamousadegari yofiTi nivTi hqonda, magram areuloba ar aRizianebda, piriqiT, muSaobis ganwyo-basac ki uqmnida.

Rrmad moxucebuli pablo diego xose francisko de paula xuan nepomuCeno maria de los remedios sipriano de la santisima trinidad martir patrisio ruis de pikaso muJenSi, Tavis vilaSi gardaicvala 1973 wlis 8 aprils. sikvdilis win man warmoTqva erTi didebuli ada-mianis gvari, romlis Semoqmedebasac aRmerTebda da udides pativs scemda. es iyo modiliani.

2008 wels pikasos namuSevrebis oficialuri gayidvebis saerTo fasma 262 milioni dolari Seadgina, xolo 2010 wlis 4 maiss Catarebul kris-tis auqcionze misi “SiSveli, mwvane foTlebi da mkerdi“ iqca yvelaze ZviradRirebul naxatad msofli-oSi. is gaiyida 106,482 milion dolarad.

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