01historyofbuildingmaterials-120525050836-phpapp02
DESCRIPTION
HISTORYTRANSCRIPT
MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age)
12,000 BC – 8,000 BC
FOOD GATHERER
TEMPORARY
SHELTER FROM
PERISHABLE
MATERIALS
NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age)
8,000 BC – 3,000 BC
FARMING
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
VILLAGES OF CIRCULAR &
LATER RECTANGULAR
HUTS
COMMUNAL HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
TENT
- wooden poles/animal bones as
framework
- leaves to form the tent
HUT
- broad leaves intertwined as covering
- composite building materials were
used (clay & wood)
- reeds padded with clay for walls
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
COMMUNAL HOUSE
- wooden post & lintel to
support the ridge pole &
rafters
- thatch for the roof structure
- walls were made of various
materials, such as clay, wattle
& daub, tree bark & thatch
STONE STRUCTURES
- dolmen
- granaries
- temples
-cromlech
Construction Method was post & lintel
STONEHENGE SALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
- The most imposing megalithic monument in existence
- Known in the 12th cent. as “Dance of the Giants”
- Known today as the
“sarcen circle”
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
Chaldea – man-made clay,
plain & glazed bricks,
bitumen & pitch (for
cementing), calcerous earth
(mortar)
Assyria – stone, brick
(extensively used),
alabaster & limestone (for
facing)
Persia – hard & colored
limestone, timber
ASSYRIA
PALACE OF SARGON
- entrance portals flanked with statues of headed winged bulls & lions
- contains 700 rooms
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
Natural products – timber, stone, brick, clay
Masonry materials – limestone, sandstone, alabaster, basalt, porphyry, granite
Timber used – Acacia (boats)
Date Palm (roofing)
Sycamore (mummy case)
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
The ruins of the Roman buildings provided quarry where materials were obtained. This influence the style of construction, decoration for columns, & other architectural features as well as fine sculpture & mosaic from older bldg w/c were turn into basilican churches of the new faith
CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT:
1756 - British Engineer, John Smeaton
made the first modern concrete
(hydraulic cement) by adding
pebbles as a course aggregate &
mixing powered brick into the
cement
1824 - Joseph Aspdin invented Portland
Cement
1849 - Joseph Monier invented
Reinforced Concrete, and patented
in 1867
PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION