02 courier system management

7/25/2019 02 Courier System Management

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$. ! sniphm ?umstbgkknbrm$.$ !etbvbty Fmpmkfmkebms< !etbvbty kmtwgr, nkf !etbvbty (bimhbkm$.& 0sm 2nsm fbnlrni$.6 !etbvbty fbnlrni$.1 Um umkem fbnlrni$.4 2hnss Fbnlrni$.>8 9ktbty 3mhntbgks)bp Fbnlrni

E`nptmrT+Y1 Biphmimktntbgk&.> Bktrgfuetbgk&.: 2gksbfmrntbgks&.5 BiphmimktntbgkE`nptmrT,Y1 Egkstruetbgk - mphg*imkt Egksbfmrntbgks6.> 2gksbfmrntbgks6.: (mstbkl6.5 Biphmimktntbgk6. Sgst Biphmimktntbgk nkf Inbktmknkem2)nptmr;17# bseussbgk nkf Egkehusbgk1.> Fbseussbgk

1.: 2gkehusbgk1.5 uturm wgr, 'm!mrmkems - Egkehusbgk


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E`nptmr T>Y

Bktrgfuetbgk

/>.>3 Surpgsm

()bs Ugotwnrm 3m ubrmimkts Upmebobentbgk CU3UN fgeuimkt wbhh prgvbfm n fmtnbhmf fmserbptbgk go t)mstmps< p)nsms nkf fmsblk kmemssnry ogr t)m 2gurbmr Uystmi Inknlmimkt C2UIN. ()bs U3U fgeuimktwbhh nhhgw ogr n egiphmtm ukfmrstnkfbkl< go w)nt bs tg 'm m+pmetmf go t)m 2UI tg 'm egkstruetmf. !ehmnr ukfmrstnkfbkl go t)m 2UI nkf bts/ ouketbgknhbty wbhh nhhgw ogr t)m egrrmet sgotwnrm systmi tg 'mfmvmhgpmf ogr t)m usmrs go t)m sgotwnrm< nkf wbhh 'm usmf ogr t)m fmvmhgpimkt go t)m outurm stnlms go t)m prg"met. ()bs U3U fgeuimkt wbhh prgvbfm t)m ogukfntbgk ogr t)m prg"met. rgi t)bs U3Ufgeuimkt< t)m 2UI enk 'm fmsblkmf< egkstruetmf< nkf obknhhy biphmimktmf nkf tmstmf.

()bs U3U fgeuimkt wbhh 'm usmf 'y t)m sgotwnrm mklbkmmrs ogr )mhpbkl nkf wgr,bkl sbfm='y=sbfmwbt) t)m systmi nknhysts w)bhm egkstruetbkl t)m 2UI< nkf t)m 2gurbmr mkf usmrs. ()m sgotwnrmmklbkmmrs wbhh nhsg usm t)m U3U fgeuimkt tg ouhhy ukfmrstnkf t)m m+pmetntbgks go t)bs 2UI< tgegkstruet t)m npprgprbntm sgotwnrm. ()m 2gurbmr mkf usmrs wbhh 'm n'hm tg usm t)bs U3U fgeuimkt ns nJtmstE< tg smm bo t)m sgotwnrm mklbkmmrs nkf systmi nknhysts wbhh 'm n'hm tg egkstruet t)m systmi

neegrfbkl t)mbr m+pmetntbgks. Bo bt bs kgt tg t)mbr m+pmetntbgks< t)mk t)m mkf usmrs enk spmeboy )gw bt bskgt tg t)mbr hb,bkl< nkf t)m sgotwnrm mklbkmmrs wbhh e)nklm t)m U3U fgeuimkt nkf uhtbintmhy t)msgotwnrm< tg obt t)m mkf usmrs/ kmmfs.

/>. 3 hgssnr*

2UI 2gurbmr Uystmi Inknlmimkt

U3U Ugotwnrm 3m ubrmimkts UpmebobentbgkUgotwnrm Ugotwnrm bs n lmkmrbe tmri ogr grlnkb mf eghhmetbgks go egiputmr fntnnkf bkstruetbgks< gotmk 'rg,mk bktg twg in"gr entmlgrbms# systmisgotwnrm t)nt prgvbfms t)m 'nsbe kgk=tns,=spmebobe ouketbgks go t)megiputmr< nkf npphbentbgk sgotwnrm< w)be) bs usmf 'y usmrs tgneegiphbs) spmebobe tns,s.

Ugotwnrm 9klbkmmrbkl ()m egiputmr sebmkem fbsebphbkm egkemrkmf wbt) fmvmhgpbkl hnrlmnpphbentbgks. Ugotwnrm mklbkmmrbkl egvmrs kgt gkhy t)m tme)kbenh


4/49

nspmets go 'ubhfbkl sgotwnrm systmis< 'ut nhsg inknlmimkt bssums3 BktrgfuetbgkBk igfmrk nlm< ns tbim bkermnsm< kmmfs rm ubrmimkts go t)m pmrsgk nrm nhsg bkermnsmf. ()my wnktigrm onebhbty try tg fg t)mbr tns, ube,hy wbt)bk tbim.

Mbt)bk t)m eguktry< t)m t)bkls enk 'm bipgrtmf t)rgul) pgst smrvbem. *gwmvmr< bt egksuims t)m tbim sgimtbims prg'hmi go fninlm gr ibssbkl geeur. ()m egurbmr smrvbem bs gkm go t)m sghutbgks go

t)msm prg'hmis. Bt bs usmf tg smkf sgim t)bkls tg nky pmrsgk wbt)bk tbim.

()m egurbmr egipnky )ns kui'mr go 'rnke)ms< w)be) nrm sprmnf gvmr t)m eguktry. Ug t)nt w)mk pmrsgk wnkts tg smkf t)bkls t)mk )m )ns tg egktnet nt kmnrmst egurbmr smrvbem 'rnke). ()m egurbmr egipnky ermntms t)m se)mfuhm lbvms bktmrknhOm+tmrknh smrvbems. ()m egurbmr smrvbem wgr, nsfmstbkntbgk goobem gr sgurem goobem. ()m sgurem goobem 'rnke) rmembvms t)m grfmr imnks egksblkimkts

smkfs bt tg t)m fmstbkntbgk egurbmr 'rnke). ()m egipnky )ns emrtnbk ruhms neegrfbkl tg t)m wmbl)t.

0sbkl t)m egurbmr smrvbem pmrsgk enk mnsbhy smkf )bsO)mr pnremh tg gt)mr pmrsgk bk t)m pnrtbeuhnr fmstbkntbgk wbt)bk t)m tbim. gw fnys< $8 go egipnkbms go t)m wgrhf usms t)m smrvbems go vnrbgusegurbmr egipnky.

/ . 3 #mnkbkl g! egurbmr smr5bems2gurbmr smrvbems imnks nky smrvbems prgvbfmf tg n eustgimr< 'y n egurbmr nlmkey bkrmhntbgk tg fggr=tg=fggr trnkspgrtntbgk go tbim smksbtbvm fgeuimkts< lggfs gr nrtbehms.

J2gurbmr nlmkey imnks n egiimrebnh egkemrk mklnlmf bk t)m fggr=tg=fggr trnkspgrtntbgk go tbim smksbtbvm fgeuimkts< lggfs gr nrtbehms< utbhb bkl t)m smrvbems go

pmrsgk< mbt)mr fbrmethy gr bkfbrmethy< tg enrry gr neegipnky sue) lggfs< fgeuimkts gr nrtbehms.E

(:.5) Uegpm()bs prg"met prgvbfms t)m onebhbty tg nhh usmrs tg smkf nkf rmembvm t)m egurbmr. ()my enk lmt t)mbkogrintbgk go t)m stntus go t)m egurbmr. Uystmi fmvmhgpimkt bs nhsg egksbfmrmf ns n prgemss 'ne,mf

'y mklbkmmrbkl npprgne). 2gurbmr nlmkey bs egksbfmrmf ns nk m+pnksbgk go 'usbkmss rmhntbgks. Bt


7/49

egktrb'utms n hgt 'y prgvbfbkl ube, onst smrvbems go smkfbkl fgeuimkts hmttmrs Cogrinh bkogrinh 'gt)N tg 'usbkmss ns bt mkn'hms nky 'usbkmss tg ohgurbs).

()bs prg"met bs ogr gkhy Fgimstbe 2gurbmr Inknlmimkt. Bk t)bs prg"met wm gkhy ogeus gk 2hbmktInknlmimkt nkf pnrtbnhhy9iphgymm Inknlmimkt .

/ .&3 Nbi g! prg%met()m inbk nbi go t)m prg"met bs tg fmvmhgp nk npphbentbgk systmi t)nt imnkt tg pnrtbnhhyegiputmrb m t)m wgr, pmrogrimf 'y t)m fmpnrtimkt. ()m in"gr ouketbgk nrm eghhmetbklbkogrintbgk n'gut egurbmr nlmkey.

/ .)3 6bsbgk stntmimktJ@mbkl t)m 'mst nt ermntbkl t)m sghutbgk t)nt sbiphboy ygur systmiE.

/ .+3 :=%metb5mM)mk wm )nvm nhrmnfy mktmrmf t)m :>st emktury< wm iny kgt noogrf tg hbstmk wgrfs hb,m Ugrry. ()m egiiukbentbgk 'mtwmmk t)m pmgphm bk t)m tmni:. Fmebfbkl w)g fgms w)nt wgr,.

Gur systmi )ns Fmigerntbe Fmemktrnhb mf CFFN tmni strueturm< ns t)mrm bs kg pmrinkmkt tmni hmnfmr.Srg'hmi go t)m systmi bs sghvmf 'y fbseussbgk nigkl t)m obvm imi'mrs nkf fmebsbgks gk prg'hmisnkf npprgne) nrm infm 'y lrgup egksmksus.

/$.&3 mhb5mrn=hms nkf #bhmstgkms Srg"met phnkkbkl bs egkemrkmf wbt) bfmktboybkl t)m netbvbtbms Ibhmstgkms nkf fmhbvmrn'hms prgfuemf 'y

n prg"met. @menusm sgotwnrm bs bktnklb'hm< t)bs bkogrintbgk enk gkhy 'm prgvbfmf ns rmpgrts nkffgeuimkts t)nt fmserb'm t)m stntm go t)m Ugotwnrm 'mbkl fmvmhgpmf. Mbt)gut t)bs bkogrintbgk< bt bsbipgssb'hm tg nssmss )gw wmhh t)m wgr, bs prglrmssbkl.! ibhmstgkm bs rmeglkb n'hm mkf=pgbkt go n sgotwnrm prgemss netbvbty. !t mne) ibhmstgkm< t)mrm s)guhf

'm n ogrinh gutput< sue) ns n rmpgrt< t)nt enk 'm prmsmktmf tg inknlmimkt. Ibhmstgkm rmpgrts kmmfkgt 'm hnrlm fgeuimkts.

! fmhbvmrn'hm bs n prg"met rmsuht t)nt bs fmhbvmrmf tg t)m eustgimr. Bt bs usunhhy fmhbvmrmf nt t)m mkf gosgim in"gr prg"met p)nsm sue) ns spmebobentbgk gr fmsblk.

/$.)3 NKVV E?N'V

ghhgwbkl Lnktt e)nrt enk nssbst gur lrgup tg ,mmp trne, go tbim nkf 'm nwnrm go t)mse)mfuhms go fmhbvmrn'hms#


11/49

Vnsd Netb5bt* =* 5 Iny = >5 ukm = >5 uhy = >5 !ulust = >5 Umptmi'mr = >5

> : 5 $ & 6 1 4>8

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Srgpgsnh

'm(ubrmimkts"pmeb!bentb

gk

#gfmhhbkl1Nknh*sbs

#gfmhhbkl1msblk

Srmsmktntbgk


12/49

E`nptmr T&Y

"g!twnrm 'm(ubrmimkts"pmeb!bentbgk

/&.>3 ?gw mxbstbkl s*stmi wgrd

Fmserbptbgk go t)m mvmkt=ohgw go prmsmkt systmi bs pgbktmf gut 'mhgw#>. 2hbmkt lg tg t)m kmnrmst egurbmr 'rnke) goobem nkf eghhmet bkogrintbgk n'gut t)m fmstbkntbgk

'rnke) goobem.

:. ()mk ehbmkt enheuhntm t)m egst ogr smkfbkl egurbmr.

5. gw ehbmkt obhh t)m ogri. ()m Fmtnbhs bkehufmf bk t)m ogri nrm

uhh knim go smkfmr

Umkfmr ig'bhm kg

Umkfmr ouhh nffrmss.

Imktbgk t)m fmstbkntbgk 'rnke) goobem

Imktbgk t)bs egurbmr ogr )gim fmhbvmry gr kgt.

uhh knim go 3membvmr

3membvmr ig'bhm kg.

3membvmr ouhh nffrmss.

. gw 2ustgimr wbhh )nkf gvmr )bs gr )mr lggf tg t)m 'rnke).

$. Bo mvmryt)bkl bs g,ny wny 'bhh bs prbktmf gut. Bt egktnbks nhh t)m bkogrintbgk tg bfmktboy t)mfmhbvmry .


13/49

&. ()mk t)m fntn ogr n pnrtbeuhnr egurbmr inbktnbkmf bk n prgpmr obhm. ! pmrsgk suiinrb ms nhh

t)m fntn go t)m egurbmr bk n rmlbstmr< t)bs wgr, rm ubrm n )bl)=hmvmh go nttmktbgk sbkem bt )ns tg

'm tn,mk enrm t)nt kg wrbkl mktry lgms bktg t)m rmlbstmr.

/&. 3 0bibtntbgk g! mxbstbkl s*stmi >. ()mrm )nvm kg trne,bkl systmi tg ,kgw t)m eurrmkt hgentbgk ogr egurbmr.


14/49

:. Inkunh fntn mktry.

5. Fntn iny hgst gr fninlm

. !ky uknut)grb mf pmrsgk enk neemss egkobfmktbnh fntn.

$. !ky bkogrintbgk enkkgt 'm mnsbhy smnre)mf.

&. 3mfukfnkey go fntn.

6. Igrm tbim egksuibkl.

1. Bkneeurney bk trnksnetbgks.

4. Uhgw prgemssbkl.

>8. !hh egkkmetbgk 'mtwmmk 2gurbmr 2gipnky nkf ehbmkt bs ig'bhm 'nsmf.

/&.$3 Srgpgsmf "*stmi - Bt2s Nf5nktnlms

!otmr n fmtnbhmf stufy go t)m m+bstbkl systmi< bt bs mvbfmkt t)nt bs fgms kgt ouhobhh t)m g'"metbvm go t)m

grlnkb ntbgk. (g in,m t)m g'"metbvm pgssb'hm ogr t)m grlnkb ntbgk< bt bs rm ubrmf tg )nvm n

egiputmrb mf bkogrintbgk systmi wbt) t)m )mhp go w)be) nhh tns,s enk 'm prgemssmf igrm neeurntmhy

nkf ube,hy. (g ne)bmvm t)bs< bt bs kmemssnry tg fmsblk nkf fmvmhgp n kmw systmi. Srgpgsmf systmi bs

'mbkl fmsblkmf bk sue) n wny t)nt inky usmrs enk )nvm n vbmw wbt) t)m systmi sbiuhtnkmgushy. Bt

in,ms moometbvm nkf pmromet utbhb ntbgk go inkpgwmr nkf rmsgurems.

@y kmw systmi ehbmkt lmt n trne,bkl kg Cw)be) bs t)m 'nr egfm gr ?3 egfmN nkf pnsswgrf 'y t)bs

trne, )bs egurbmr. !hsg< lmt upfntm bkogrintbgk 'y 9=inbh gr UIU.

mw systmi )ns oghhgwbkl nfvnktnlm#

:khbkm trnedbkl s*stmi # ! smkfmr enk trne, t)m egurbmr nkf bfmktbobmf t)m hgentbgk.

ns* tg lmt 4rnke` g!!bem bk!g # ! knvblntgr enk s)gw nhh 'rnke) goobem bkog vbn wm'pnlm sgbt bs kgt kmemssnry tg lg 'rnke) goobem ogr fmstbkntbgk 'rnke) goobem bkog.

ns* egipnrbsgk # nvblntgr enk enheuhntm t)m egst nkf mnsbhy egipnrm gt)mr egurbmr smrvbem.

Bk!grintbgk neemss # ! knvblntgr mnsbhy enk lmt bkog n'gut egipnky nkf gt)mr hb,m hgst

egurbmr.


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:khbkm e`nt rggi # 0smr enk e)nt wbt) egipnky t)rgul) gkhbkm e)nt rggi.

4m upfntm # 2hbmkt lmt nhh upfntm vbn 9inbh gr UIU n'gut egurbmr m.l.< w)mt)mr pne,mt bs

fmhbvmrmf< pmkfbkl gr rmturkmf tg t)m ehbmkt mte.

ns* 'mfbrmet # 2hbmkt enk mnsbhy rmfbrmet t)m egurbmr.

ns* bk inbktnbkbkl bk!grintbgk1 Utnoo enk 'm mnsbhy upfntm bkogrintbgk n'gut n spmebobe

egurbmr usbkl 'nr egfm rmnfmr gr ?3 egfm rmnfmr.

'gutbkl Bk!grintbgk1 ! Umkfmr enk smm t)m nhh rgutbkl bkogrintbgk nkf mstbintmf fntm go

fmhbvmry.

8smr sntbs!netbgk1 ()m systmi bs sue) t)nt bs stnkfs up tg t)m usmr m+pmetntbgks hb,m mnsy nkf

onstmr rmtrbmvnh go bkogrintbgk.

"n!mt*1 ()m systmi wbhh 'm neemssb'hm 'y gkhy t)m nut)grb mf usmrs. !s bkogrintbgk< 'mbkl t)m

igst eruebnh ogr t)m grlnkb ntbgk< t)mk t)m snomty go bkogrintbgk bs bipgrtntbgk.

?bl`h* neeurntm1 rmsgurems 'mbkl usmf 'y t)m systmi wbhh 'm egipntb'hm wbt) t)m hntmsttme)kghglbms nvnbhn'hm bk t)m inr,mt< ns prgpgsmf systmi usms )bl)hy tme)kbenhhy egipntb'hm

rmsgurems< t)mrm wbhh 'm vmry hmss wmnr nkf tmnr.

0mss tbim egksuibkl1 wgr, enrrbmf gut 'y t)m stnoo nt vnrbgus stnlms wbhh 'm hmss tbim

egksuibkl

/&.&3 'm(ubrmimkts "pmeb!bentbgkFmvmhgpimkt (gghs#g rgkt 9kf# %bsunh 2H 9ktmrprbsm 9fbtbgk C!US. 9(Ng @ne, 9kf# Ibergsgot Goobem !eemss :886 gr )bl)mr

Umrvmr 9kf#g S-!( G3I# Mbkfgws S smvmr gr )bl)mr g *nrfwnrm spmebobentbgk#

Srgemssgr# > L* C+1& gr +& NImigry# > L@Fbs, Upnem# > (@ Cbk nffbtbgk tg t)m fbs, spnem rm ubrmf 'y t)m GOUN

()msm nrm t)m ibkbiui systmi rm ubrmimkts nkf wbhh suppgrt rukkbkl t)gusnkfs go "g's pmr fny.

@nr egfm 3mnfmr gr ?3 egfm 3mnfmr.2hbmkt 9kf#g Ugotwnrm spmebobentbgk#


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17/49

9vmry sgotwnrm prg"met 'mlbks wbt) n "uflimkt ns tg w)mt)mr t)m prg"met bs vnhun'hm gr kgt. ()bs bsenhhmf n omnsb'bhbty stufy. Ugimtbims t)bs nssmssimkt bs enrrbmf gut bk n fmtnbhmf nkf systmintbeons)bgk.Ugotwnrm omnsb'bhbty )ns t)rmm sghbf fbimksbgks#

(me)kbenh mnsb'bhbtyGpmrntbgknh omnsb'bhbty2gst='mkmobt nknhysbsC9egkgibe mnsb'bhbtyN

@mogrm 'mlbkkbkl n prg"met< t)mrm bs n eruebnh fmebsbgk t)nt iust 'm infm# Bs t)m prgpgsnh tme)kbenhhyomnsb'hmK ()nt bs< wbhh t)m tme)kghgly netunhhy wgr,K

()m nkswmr go t)m n'gvm umstbgk bs# J()bs prg"met bs tme)kbenhhy omnsb'hm. Bt sueemssouhhy sntbsobms t)musmrs/ 'nsbe rm ubrmimkts. ()m tgghs nkf npphbentbgk sgotwnrm/s usmf bk t)bs prg"met nrm vmry pgpuhnr nkf mnsbhy nvnbhn'hm nergss t)m wgrhfE.

!US. 9( prgvbfms n egiphmtm mkvbrgkimkt ogr 'ubhfbkl< fmphgybkl nkf rukkbkl . 9( Mm'!pphbentbgks.

Ugim go t)m igst lmkmrnh nfvnktnlms go !US. 9( nrm hbstmf 'mhgw bs s)grt#

9nsm go Fmvmhgpimktg Ubiphbobmf pnlm fmvmhgpimkt igfmhg Igfuhnr< wmhh=onetgrmf< m+tmksb'hm nre)btmeturmg Uupmrbgr fm'ullbkl nkf trnebkl suppgrt

Smrogrinkem< Uenhn'bhbty< 3mhbn'bhbtyg 2gipbhmf< kgt bktmrprmtmfg 3be) 2ne)bkl Uuppgrtg Mm' ogri senhn'hm smssbgk stntmg !utgintbenhhy fmtmets nkf rmegvmrs orgi mrrgrs

9nsm go Fmphgyimkt nkf 2gkoblurntbgkg g kmmf tg 'rbkl fgwk wm' smrvmr g I- 2gkoblurntbgk obhms

()m . 9( rnimwgr, prgvbfms n omnturm=rbe) npphbentbgk mkvbrgkimkt< sbiphbobmffmvmhgpimkt nkf mnsy bktmlrntbgk 'mtwmmk n kui'mrs go fboomrmkt fmvmhgpimkt hnklunlms.@nr egfm rmnfmr kgw n fny bs bt kgt n vmry m+pmksbvm tme)kghgly.

:pmrntbgknh !mnsb=bhbt*1


18/49

()m systmi wbhh )nvm mnsy tg ukfmrstnkf bktmronem ogr fboomrmkt igfuhms. Bt fgms kgt rm ubrm nky prglrniibkl s,bhh tg usm t)m systmi. !otmr n hbtthm trnbkbkl< t)m usmrs wbhh 'm n'hm tg wgr, wbt) bt ntmnsm.

Egst7=mkm!bt nknh*sbs / egkgibe ;mnsb=bhbt*31Igkmy prgvbfms t)m rmnfy=infm imtrbe ogr imnsurbkl vnhum. ()bs ,bkf go bkvmstblntbgk bs enhhmfbkvmstimkt npprnbsnh gr n egst='mkmobt nknhysbs. ()m grlnkb ntbgk m+pmets n rmturk gk bkvmstimkt. Bkt)bs npprgne)< twg unktbtbms nrm enheuhntmf#>. ()m egst go prgvbfbkl t)m systmi:. ()m igkmy snvmf gr ermntmf 'y usbkl t)m systmi t)m 'mkmobt.

Bo t)m 'mkmobt bs lrmntmr t)nk t)m egst< t)m systmi bs wgrt)w)bhm gt)mrwbsm< bt bs kgt. Bo t)mrm bs sgimgt)mr wny go neegiphbs)bkl t)m snim tns,< w)be) iny 'm inkunhhy< t)mk bt bs kmemssnry tg egipnrmt)m twg egsts. M)be)mvmr tme)kb um lbvms t)m sinhhmr egst bs t)m gkm tg smhmet< bo t)m 'mkmobt bs lrmntmrt)nk t)m egst. Mbt) mne) go t)msm erbtmrbn< wm enk nssgebntm n egst< t)gul) ogr sgim bt bs hmss mnsy#

^ egst tg 'uy m ubpimkt< prbkebpnhhy t)m )nrfwnrm

^ egst tg fmvmhgp t)m sgotwnrm

^ egst go trnbkbkl

^ egst go hgst wgr, furbkl swbte)gvmr

^ egst tg inbktnbk t)m systmi

^ egst tg rmpnbr t)m m ubpimkt bk t)m mvmkt go onbhurm

^ egst go hgst wgr, bk t)m mvmkt go onbhurm

^ egst tg uplrnfm< bk t)m mvmkt go e)nklmf rm ubrmimkts.

Bk ()bs prg"met< bt nhsg rm ubrms t)m snhnry strueturm go t)m miphgymms. Mm eguhf kgt inknlm tg lmtt)gsm fntn ogr sgim uknvgbfn'hm rmnsgks. !t t)bs hmvmh< t)m prg"met iny 'm enhhmf n fmig prg"met ntfms,tgp hmvmh. Uue) stufy enk 'm infm w)mk t)m prg"met nfvnkems tg n )bl)mr hmvmh.

/&.,3 "tndm`ghfmr


19/49

Utn,m)ghfmr rmomrs tg nky pmrsgk< w)g bs kgt n fmvmhgpmr< 'ut )ns n prgpmr rghm wbt) bktmrmst< bk t)m prg"met.

Utn,m)ghfmrs ogr t)m prgpgsmf systmi nrm ns oghhgws#

Inknlmr go t)m @rnke)#g *m enk prgvbfm fmtnbhs n'gut t)m gvmrvbmw go egipnky ukfmr n sbklhm rggo. Ubkem t)m

wgr,n'bhbty go stnoo wbhh 'm bkermnsm nkf t)m gwkmr wbhh lmt 'mkmobts orgi bt.

!fibkbstrntgr#g *m wbhh neemss t)m M)ghm sgotwnrm.

0smr#g ()my wbhh neemss sgim pnrt go t)m systmi.

Utnoo#g ()my wbhh neemss sgim pnrt go t)m sgotwnrm.

E`nptmr T)Y


20/49

"*stmi Nknh*sbs

/).>3 ;net7;bkfbkl Vme`kb(ums

net=obkfbkl tme)kb ums nrm m+trmimhy bipgrtnkt 'menusm t)msm nrm t)m onets 'nsmf gk w)be) nknhystsenk gr s)guhf 'ubhf t)m systmi t)nt egiprbsms go n orbmkfhy mkvbrgkimkt ogr t)m mkf usmr tg wgr, wbt). ()bs bs t)m rmnsgk w)y onet=obkfbkl bs nk bipgrtnkt netbvbty.Ugim go t)m igst sbiphm nkf usmouh onet obkfbkl tme)kb ums t)nt enk gr s)guhf 'm oghhgwmf nrm

pgbktmf gut 'mhgw#Bktmrvbmw ?umstbgkknbrm.Fgeuimkt Uniphbkl CFmtnbhmf m+nibkntbgk go e)me,bkl=bk gut< 'bhhbkl ogris nkf gt)mr rmhntmf fgeuimktsN.Mgr, Ubtm G'smrvntbgk.

/). 3 Bktmr5bmw - 9umstbgkknbrm

()bs bs egksbfmrmf ns gkm go t)m 'mst onet obkfbkl tme)kb ums. ()bs bkehufms fbrmet bktmrnetbgk wbt) t)meustgimr. Bt bs egksbfmrmf ns t)m 'mst tme)kb um< 'menusm bt bs t)m gkhy wny t)m usmr enk rmvmnh t)mfmtnbhs onets n'gut )bs pnst< prmsmkt m+pmetmf wgr,bkl< rm ubrmimkts< tme)kghglbms< fmsmrtbgks tg

nknhysts. ()bs bs t)m bkogrintbgk< w)be) lbvms us t)m fmserbptbgk go t)m systmi< wm )nvm tg biphmimktgur hglbe gur gwk bfmns in,m t)bs fmserbptbgk tg turk tg n rmnhbty< tg wgr, ns n rmnh igfuhmst

smr5bem /;rgi N Srgemss go )nkfhbkl n eustgimr C*gw 'y w)giN< w)mk )mOs)m egimsOnrrbvms t)m > st

tbim.:N @gg,bkl prgemss go n eustgimr.5N ()m fmhbvmry prgemss go n egurbmr tg n eustgimr.

4bhhbkl Srgemss1>N *gw C 'y w)giN t)m 'bhh pnyimkt prgemss go n eustgimr bs fgkmK:N M)nt )nppmk bo t)m egurbmr bs rmfbrmetK5N Bs t)mrm nky nfvnkemf prgemssms rmhntmf wbt) t)m 'bhhbkl prgemssK

"uiinr* g! t`m


22/49

7#nbh B 1SgsbtbgkJSgst1

xpmrbmkem1Bktmr5bmwVbimJ ntm1Npprg5nh1

"blknturm


23/49

L3


24/49

Vnsds1

V>@Fntn eghhmetbgk

V @!fibkbstrntbgk

V$@@rnke) inknlmimkt

V&@fgeuimkt )nkfhbkl

V)@2ustgimr inknlmimkt

Netb5bt* mpmkfmkebms1

Vnsd urntbgk/ n*s3 mpmkfmke*V> ,V ) V>/#>3V$ + V /# 3V& , V /#$3V) & V>/#&3

Netb5bt* kmtwgrd


25/49

Netb5bt* Vbimhbkm

/).+3 8sm Ensm fbnlrni


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/).,3 Netb5bt* fbnlrni


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/).L3 "m(umkem fbnlrni


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/). 3 Ehnss bnlrni


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41/49

C$.>8N 9ktbty 3mhntbgks)bp Fbnlrni

> k

>

k

k

k

k

>

k k

>>

Egipnky fmtnbhs

Inknlms

Inknl

ms

InknlmsFmhbvm

r

Inknlms

Inknlms

Nfibk

Fmhbvmry Jgy

EustgimrsBkogrintbgk

Egksblkimkt

Utn

Miphgymmfmtnbhs


42/49

E`nptmr T+Y

Biphmimktntbgk+.> Bktrgfuetbgk

Bk t)bs p)nsm< t)m egfmf prglrnis wmrm tmstmf usbkl fboomrmkt tmstbkl imt)gfghgly bk grfmr tgfrnl gut t)m mrrgrs go nt t)m tbim go m+meutbgk bk prnetbenh gr bk sbiuhntbgk mkvbrgkimkt. ()mouhh egfm )ns 'mmk sueemssouhhy egipbhmf nkf bktmrprmtmf w)mrm t)m syktn+ mrrgrs )nvm 'mmkbfmktbobmf nkf enrmouhhy sghvmf. ()m prglrni fmsblk e)me,bkl imt)gfs wns usmf w)bhmegfbkl tg fmobkm t)m hglbenh mrrgrs. Fms, e)me,bkl imt)gf )nf 'mmk usmf tg e)me, t)m

prglrni fmsblk nkf t)mk rukkbkl imt)gf wns usmf ogr t)m egrrmspgkfbkl egfm.

+. EgksbfmrntbgksMm )nvm t)us onr egiphmtmf up tg igfmhbkl p)nsm. ()m km+t p)nsms nrm egkstruetbgk nkffmphgyimkt. 2gkstruetbgk p)nsm bkehufms 2gfbkl nkf (mstbkl nkf fmphgyimkt bkvghvmsBiphmimktntbgk nkf Inbktmknkem. U)grt fmserbptbgks go t)m p)nsms notmr egfbkl nrm fmserb'mfbk t)m oghhgwbkl smetbgks.

+.$ BiphmimktntbgkM)mk t)m kmw systmi bs egiphmtmf< rmphnebklOigfboybkl t)m m+bstbkl inkunh systmi bk nknpprgprbntm inkkmr bs n in"gr tns, tg t)m sueemss go t)m prg"met. Biprgpmr bkstnhhntbgk enk

prmvmkt t)m biprgvmimkt go t)m grlnkb ntbgk< mvmk bo t)m fmsblkmf sgotwnrm bs n unhbty prgfuet.

Bk t)m biphmimktntbgk p)nsm< oghhgwbkl tns,s geeur#(rnbkbkl pmrsgkkmh

2gkvmrsbgk prgemfurmsSgst=biphmimktntbgk rmvbmw

2gkvmrsbgk bs t)m prgemss go e)nklbkl orgi t)m ghf systmi tg t)m kmw gkm. Bt iust 'm prgpmrhy phnkkmf nkf m+meutmf.


43/49

E`nptmr T,YEgkstruetbgk - mphg*imkt

Egksbfmrntbgks

/,.>3 Egksbfmrntbgks

Mm )nvm t)us onr egiphmtmf up tg igfmhbkl p)nsm. ()m km+t p)nsms nrm egkstruetbgk nkf

fmphgyimkt. 2gkstruetbgk p)nsm bkehufms 2gfbkl nkf (mstbkl nkf fmphgyimkt bkvghvmsBiphmimktntbgk nkf Inbktmknkem. U)grt fmserbptbgks go t)m p)nsms notmr egfbkl nrm fmserb'mfbk t)m oghhgwbkl smetbgks.

/,. 3 Vmstbkl(mstbkl bs n prgemss go m+meutbkl n prglrni wbt) t)m bktmkt go obkfbkl nk mrrgr. ! lggf tmstensm bs gkm t)nt )ns n lggf prg'n'bhbty go obkfbkl ymt ukfbsegvmrmf mrrgr. !hh tmsts s)guhf 'mtrnemn'hm tg eustgimrs/ rm ubrmimkt. (mst s)guhf 'm phnkkmf hgkl 'mogrm tmstbkl 'mlbks.

Vmstbkl Srbkebphms! lggf tmst ensm bs gkm t)nt )ns n )bl) prg'n'bhbty go obkfbkl n ymt ukfbsegvmrmf mrrgr.! lggf tmst bs kgt rmfukfnkt. ! lggf tmst s)guhf 'm kmbt)mr tgg sbiphm kgr tgg egiphbentmf.

V*pms g! tmstbkl()mrm nrm twg 'nsbe npprgne)ms tg tmstbkl ouketbgknh nkf strueturnh. uketbgknh tmstbkl bs nhsg

enhhmf @hne, @g+ (mstbkl Utrueturnh tmstbkl bs enhhmf w)btm @g+ tmstbkl.

()m 'hne, 'g+ npprgne) tg tmstbkl bs tg fmvbsm sniphm fntn t)nt bs rmprmsmktntbvm go nhh pgssb'hmfntn. Mm t)mk ruk t)m prglrni< bkput t)m fntn nkf smm w)nt )nppmks. ()bs typm go tmstbkl bstmrimf 'hne, 'g+ tmstbkl 'menusm kg ,kgwhmflm go t)m wgr,bkls go t)m prglrni bs usmf ns pnrtgo t)m tmstbkl wm gkhy egksbfmr bkputs nkf gutputs.


44/49

@hne, 'g+ tmstbkl mkn'hms t)m sgotwnrm mklbkmmr tg obkf mrrgr bk t)m oghhgwbkl entmlgrbms#Bkegrrmet gr ibssbkl ouketbgks.Bktmronem 9rrgrs.9rrgrs bk fntn strueturm gr m+tmrknh fntn'nsm neemss.Smrogrinkem mrrgrsBkbtbnhb ntbgk mrrgrs.

M)btm 'g+ tmstbkl in,ms usm go ,kgwhmflm go )gw t)m prglrni wgr,s t)m strueturm go t)m prglrni ns t)m 'nsbs ogr fmvbsbkl tmst fntn. Bk w)btm 'g+ tmstbkl mvmry stntmimkt bk t)m prglrni bs m+meutmf ntsgim tbim furbkl t)m tmstbkl. ()bs bs m ubvnhmkt tg mksurbkl t)nt mvmry pnt) Cmvmry sm umkem go bkstruetbgksN t)rgul) t)m prglrni bs m+meutmf nt sgim tbim furbkl tmstbkl. ()bs tmstbkl )mhp t)msgotwnrm mklbkmmr bk t)m oghhgwbkl fbrmetbgks#

Lunrnktmm t)nt nhh t)m bkfmpmkfmkt pnt)s wbt)bk t)m igfuhm )nvm 'mmk m+mrebsmf nt hmnst gkem.9+mrebsm nhh hglbenh fmebsbgks gk t)mbr trum nkf onhsm sbfms.9+meutm nhh hggps nt t)mbr 'gukfnrbms nkf wbt)bk t)mbr vnhbfbty.9+mrebsm bktmrknh fntn strueturm tg mksurm t)mbr vnhbfbty.

0m5mhs g! Vmstbkl()m 'nsbe hmvmhs go tmstbkl nrm#

g 0kbt tmstbklg Bktmlrntbgk tmstbklg

Uystmi tmstbklg !eemptnkem tmstbkl

8kbt Vmstbkl0kbt tmstbkl ogeusms vmrbobentbgk moogrt gk t)m sinhhmst ukbt go sgotwnrm fmsblk t)m sgotwnrmegipgkmkt gr igfuhm. 0sbkl t)m egipgkmkt=hmvmh fmsblk fmserbptbgk ns n lubfm< bipgrtnkt egktrgh

pnt)s nrm tmstmf tg ukegvmr mrrgrs wbt)bk t)m 'gukfnry go t)m igfuhm. ()mrmogrm< 0kbt tmstbkl tmstsmne) egipgkmkt bk bsghntbgk.()m lgnh go t)bs tmstbkl hmvmh bs tg smm bo t)m igfuhms )nvm 'mmk 'm bktmlrntmf prgpmrhy. Bk gt)mr wgrfs< t)m mip)nsbs bs gk tmstbkl t)m bktmrnetbgks nigkl t)m igfuhms. ()bs tmstbkl netbvbty enk 'megksbfmrmf ns tmstbkl t)m fmsblk.

Bktmlrntbgk Vmstbkl


45/49

()m lgnh go t)bs tmstbkl hmvmh bs tg smm bo t)m igfuhms )nvm 'mmk 'm bktmlrntmf prgpmrhy. Bk gt)mr wgrfs< t)m mip)nsbs bs gk tmstbkl t)m bktmrnetbgks nigkl t)m igfuhms. ()bs tmstbkl netbvbty enk 'megksbfmrmf ns tmstbkl t)m fmsblk. ()mrm )nvm twg typm go fboomrmkt bkermimktnh bktmlrntbgk strntmlbmsnrm lbvmk 'mhgw#

g (gp=fgwk bktmlrntbgk.g

@gttgi=up bktmlrntbgk.

"*stmi VmstbklBk t)bs tmstbkl mktbrm sgotwnrm bs tmstmf. ()m lgnh bs tg smm bo t)m sgotwnrm immts bts rm ubrmimkts.Uystmi tmstbkl bs netunhhy n smrbms go fboomrmkt tmsts w)gsm prbinry purpgsm bs tg ouhhy m+mrebsm t)megiputmr='nsmf systmi. !ht)gul) mne) tmst )ns n fboomrmkt purpgsm< nhh wgr, tg vmrboy t)nt systmimhmimkts )nvm 'mmk prgpmrhy bktmlrntmf nkf pmrogri nhhgentmf ouketbgks.()m typms go systmi tmsts t)nt nrm wgrt)w)bhm ogr sgotwnrm='nsmf systmis.

3megvmry (mstbklUmeurbty (mstbklUtrmss (mstbklSmrogrinkem (mstbkl

Neemptnkem Vmstbkl!eemptnkem tmstbkl bs prmogrinttmf usbkl rmnh fntn go t)m ehbmkt tg fmigkstrntm t)nt sgotwnrm bswgr,bkl sntbsonetgrbhy.

6nhbfntbgk E`meds%nhbfntbgk rmomrs tg fboomrmkt smt go netbvbtbms t)nt mksurm t)nt t)m sgotwnrm t)nt )ns 'mmk 'ubht bstrnemn'hm tg t)m eustgimr rm ubrmimkt. %nhbfntbgk bs t)m e)me, t)nt Jt)m prgfuet infm bs w)nt wnsrm ubrmfE.

/,.$3 Biphmimktntbgk

M)mk t)m kmw systmi bs egiphmtmf< rmphnebklOigfboybkl t)m m+bstbkl inkunh systmi bk nknpprgprbntm inkkmr bs n in"gr tns, tg t)m sueemss go t)m prg"met. Biprgpmr bkstnhhntbgk enk prmvmkt t)mbiprgvmimkt go t)m grlnkb ntbgk< mvmk bo t)m fmsblkmf sgotwnrm bs n unhbty prgfuet.Bk t)m biphmimktntbgk p)nsm< oghhgwbkl tns,s geeur#

(rnbkbkl pmrsgkkmh2gkvmrsbgk prgemfurmsSgst=biphmimktntbgk rmvbmw


46/49

2gkvmrsbgk bs t)m prgemss go e)nklbkl orgi t)m ghf systmi tg t)m kmw gkm. Bt iust 'm prgpmrhy phnkkmf nkf m+meutmf. ()rmm imt)gfs nrm egiigk bk usm< t)msm nrm#

Snrnhhmh Uystmi.Fbrmet 2gkvmrsbgk.Sbhgt Uystmi.

/,.&3 Sgst Biphmimktntbgk nkf #nbktmknkem

!otmr systmi bs biphmimktmf nkf egkvmrsbgk bs egiphmtm< n rmvbmw s)guhf 'm egkfuetmf tg fmtmribkmw)mt)mr t)m systmi bs immtbkl m+pmetntbgks nkf w)mrm biprgvmimkts nrm kmmfmf. ! pgstbiphmimktntbgk rmvbmw imnsurms t)m systmis/ pmrogrinkem nlnbkst prmfmobkmf rm ubrmimkts.Uullmstbgks rmlnrfbkl e)nklms nkf biprgvmimkts nrm ns,mf ogr.

Bk t)bs< p)nsm t)m prglrniimr gr sgim gt)mr tme)kbenh miphgymrs go t)m egipnky< w)be) bs

fmvmhgpbkl t)m sgotwnrm bk grfmr tg inknlm t)m )nklbkl rm ubrmimkts go t)m ehbmkt orgi tbim tg tbim

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