34

karplitGKÁisnI nigeragcRkGKÁisnI

I. karplitGKÁisnI 1-c,ab;rUbviTüaBak;B½n§CamYykarbegáIttg;süúgcrnþqøas;

karbegáIt[mantg;süúgcrnþqøas;RtÚv)anGñkR)aCJrUbviTüanigKImIviTüaCatiGg;eKøsmYyeQµaH Michael Faraday (1791-1867) rkeXIjenAkñúgrgVg;qñaM1821.karrkeXIjenHekItecjmkBI karBinitü)atuPUtEdlekIteLIgenAeBleKykrbuMExSGKÁisnImYyeTAdak;CitemEdk(Magnet)mYyduM EdlkMBugeFVIclnab¤EdlkMBugvil.enAeBlEdleKykrbuMExSGKÁisnImYyeTAdak;CitemEdk(Magnet)

mYyduMEdlkMBugeFVIclnab¤EdlkMBugvileKeXIjenAcugExSénrbuMExSGKÁisnIenHekItmantg;süúgGKÁisnI .karBiesaFn_lm¥itelI)atuPUtenH)aneFVI[GñkR)aCJhVar:aédcgRkgCac,ab;rUbviTüad¾sMxan;mYysRmab; RbB½n§GKÁisnIEdlc,ab;rUbviTüaenHRtÚveK[eQµaHfac,ab;hVara:éd(Faraday'sLaw). c,ab;hVara:édEcgfa : enAelIExScmøgGKÁisnINamYyEdleKdak;[zitenAkñúgEdnm:aej:TicmYyERbRbÜl nwgekItmantg;süúgGKÁisn I:.c,ab;enHmann½yfaRbsinebIeKykemEdkmYyeTAbgVilCitrbuMExSGKÁisnI mYyeKsegáteXIjfaenAelIrbuMExSGKÁisnIekItmantg;süúgcrnþqøas;.karrkeXIjc,ab;rUbviTüad¾sMxan; enHehIyEdlCamUldæaneFVI[eKGacbegáItm:asuInplitGKÁisnI(Generator)EdlRtÚv)anEklMG[ kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBenAeBlbc©úb,nñenH.Gñkbec©keTscas;²enAkm<úCaPaKeRcInenATmøab;ehA m:asuInplitGKÁisnIfaCaDINam:UtamBakübec©keTsCaPasa)araMgenAeLIyb:uEnþedaysarBaküCa Pasa)araMgnigBaküCaPasaGg;eKøsxussBÞKñaxøaMgeBkkñúgesovePAenHeyIgehAvaCaPasaExµrRtg; EtmþgKWm:asuInplitGKÁisnIEdlGg;eKøseKehAfaGeneratorehIy)araMgeKehAfaDynamo. eyIgehAGeneratorb¤DynamofaCam:asuInplitGKÁisnIBIeRBaHvaCaeRKÓgynþmYyEdlbegáIt kmøaMgGKÁisnI . 2-yl;dwgGMBI)atuPUtsMxan;²EdlekItmanenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarplitGKÁisnI

\LÚveyIgeFVIkarBinitüfaetIm:asuInplitGKÁisnIdMeNIrkary:agdUcemþc.dMbUgbMputeyIgsegát eXIjfam:asuInplitGKÁisnInImYy²Edldak;[dMeNIrkarnaeBlbc©úb,nñenHmanrbuMExSb¤bUb‘IntemøIg enACab;CamYytYm:asuInEdlenAes¶óm.tYma:suInEdlenAes¶ómehIymanrbuMExStemøIgenACab;CamYyenH eyIgehAfa sþaT½r (Stator) .enARbehagkNþalrbs;sþaT½rmansñÚlmYyduMEdleKGacbgVil)an kñúgsñÚlenaHeKGacdak;emEdkm:aej:Ticb¤dak;bUb‘InGKÁisnIbegáItCaEdnm:aej:Tic.sñÚlEdlmanEdn

35

m:aej:Ticnigvil)anenHehAfa r:UT½r (Rotor) .r:UT½renHCYnkaleKehAfa Ednm:aej:Tic (Magnetic

Field) Etmþg BIeRBaHvamanmuxgarCaEpñkEdnm:aej:Tic EdleFVIclnavilenAkñúgm:asuInplitGKÁisnI . enAeBlr:UT½rvilEdnm:aej:Ticd¾xøaMgrbs;r:UT½rk¾vilEdreFVI[Ednm:aej:TicenHvilkat;rbuMExSEdltemøIgenA elIsþaT½r.tamc,ab;rUbviTüahVara:édelIrbuMExSrbs;sþaT½rEdlzitenAkñúgEdnm:aej:TicERbRbÜlnwgekIt mannUvtg;süúgcrnþqøas;(acVoltage)EdlCamUldæanénkarekItmanfamBlGKÁisnI. eKsegáteXIj faGaMBøITUt(Amplitude)éntg;süúgbeBa©jrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnIGaceFVIkarpøas;bþÚr)anedayRKan; Etpøas;bþÚrkmøaMgEdnm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½r.dUecñHeKGacbnßytg;süúgbeBa©jrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI )anedayRKan;EtbnßykmøaMgEdnm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½r . karplittg;süúgcrnþqøas;1hVa enAeBleKdak;rbuMExSmYyrbuMenAkñúgEdnm:aej:TicmYyEdlkMBugeFVIclnaeBlenaHenAelIrbuMExS enaHnwgekItmanRbPBtg;süúgGKÁisnImYy¬tamc,ab;hVara:éd¦.edIm,IBinitüemIllm¥itGMBItg;süúgGKÁis nIEdlekItenAelIrbuMExSxagelIenH eyIgyk]TahrN_samBaØmYymkBinitüdUckñúgrUbTI 3-1 .kñúgrUbTI 3-1eyIgdak;rbuMExSb¤bUb‘InmYyduMenACitduMemEdkmYyEdlmanb:UleCIgnigb:Ult,ÚgrYceyIgbgVilemEdk enaH.eBlEdlemEdkcab;epþImvilEdnm:aej:Ticrbs;emEdkk¾vilEdreBlenaHtg;süúgelIrbuMExScab; epþImekIneLIgBIcMNucsUnüeTAtamTisedAviC¢man

BIeRBaHb:UleCIgvilxiteTACitrbuMeFVI[Ednm:aej:TicEdlmanTisedAt,Úg-eCIgkan;EtmankmøaMgFMeLIg . kmøaMgm:aej:Tict,Úg-eCIgenHekIneLIdl;GtibrmaenAeBlb:UleCIgtRmg;eTAcMrbuMehIyenAeBlenaH

rUbTI 1> karplittg;süúgcrnþqøas; 1 hVa

36

tg;süúgviC¢mank¾ekIneLIgGtibrimaEdr.eBlEdlb:UleCIgrbs;emEdkvilhYsrbuMExStg;süúgviC¢man cab;epþImcuHfyvijehIycuHrhUtdl;cMNucsUnüenAeBlEdlb:UlTaMg2rbs;emEdkenARsbKñaCamYy rbuMExSEdleBlenaHkmøaMgEdnm:aej:TicelIrbuMExSGacesµIsUnüedaysarmantulüPaBén\T§iBlb:UleCIgnigt,Úgrbs;emEdkelIrbuMExSesµIKña. eBlEdlemEdkvilbnþeTotb:Ult,Úgrbs;emEdkcab;epþImvilxiteTACitrbuMExSmþgeFVI[tg;süúgekIneTA xagGviC¢manmþgehIytg;süúgGviC¢manenHekInGtibrmaenAeBlb:Ult,ÚgvilcMrbuMExSedaysareBl enaHkmøaMgm:aej:TiceCIg-t,ÚgekIneLIgdl;GtibrmaenAeBlb:Ult,ÚgtRmg;eTAcMrbuMehIyenAeBlenaH tg;süúgGviC¢mank¾ekIneLIgGtibrmaEdr.bnÞab;mkenABlb:Ult,Úgrbs;emEdkvilXøatBIrbuMExStg; süúgGviC¢mank¾cab;epþImfycuHrYcfyrhUtdl;sUnüenAeBlEdlb:UlTaMg2rbs;emEdkenARsbKña CamYyrbuMExSmþgeTot.dUecñHenAeBlemEdkvil)an1CuMtg;süúgelIrbuMExSk¾ERbRbÜl)an1xYbEdr. dMeNIrkarénkarbegáIttg;süúgcrnþqøas;1hVadUc)anerobrab;xagelImanbgðajkñúgrUbTI1 xagelIenH .

karplittg;süúgcrnþqøas;3hVa

enAeBlEdleKdak;rbuMExScMnYn3duMenAkñúgEdnm:aej:TicmYyEdlkMBugeFVI clnaeBlenaHvanwgbegáIt)anCaRbPBtg;süúgGKÁisnIcMnYn3enAelIrbuMExSTaMg3enH.enAeBlEdl rbuMExSRtÚv)aneKtemøIg[zitenAXøatBIKña120dWeRkkñúgrgVg;360dWeRkeKGacbegáIt)antg;süúgqøas; 3hVadUcbgðajkñúgrUbTI2.m:asuInplitGKÁisnI3hVaGaccat;TukdUcCama:suInplitGKÁisnI1hVacMnYn3 eRKÓgEdl1eRKÓg²dak;[zitenAkñúgrgVg;120dWeRkXaøtBIKña.

3-m:asuInplitGKÁisnIcrnþqøas; 3 hVa ma:suInplitGKÁisnItUcb¤FMEdlP¢ab;CamYyRbB½n§GKÁisnImanEpñksMxan;3KW³sþaT½rr:UT½rnig RbB½n§rMejac(Exciter).enAkñúgcMNucenHeyIgnwgBinitüGMBIEpñkTaMg3enHelImUldæanénma:suInplit GKÁisnI crnþqøas; 3 hVa .

37

sþaT½r m:asuInplitGKÁisnIcrnþqøas;3hVamanrbuMExS1hVacM nYn3.rbuMExS(Winding)TaMg3duMenH RtÚv)an temøIg enAnwgEpñktYm:asuInrbs;ma:suInplit EdleyIg ehA fasþaT½r(Stator).rbuMTaMg3enH RtÚv)andak; ya:gNaedIm,I[karERbRbÜlEdnm:aej:TicCYbrbuMnImYy²kñúgmuM120dWeRkCamYyrbuM2epSgeTot . rUbKMnUr samBaØbgðajBIm:asuInplitGKÁisnIcrnþqøas;3hVa

manbgðajkñúgrUbTI 3 .

r:UT½r(Rotor)KWCaEpñkkNþalénm:asuInplitGKÁisnIEdlCaEpñkmanmuxgarbegáItEdnm:aej:Tic eFVIclnarbs;m:asuInpltGKÁisnI .edaysarr:UT½rmanmuxgar 2 KWTI1-begáItEdnm:aej:Tic nigTI2-eFVIEdnm:aej:TicEdlbegáIteLIgenH[manclnaedIm,IbegáIt[manRbPBtg;süúgenAelIrbuMExSkñúgdU ecñHr:UT½rRtÚvCabNþÚlrbs;ma:suInplitEdleKGacbgVil)anehIyenAelIr:UT½rRtÚvmanemEdkEdl Ca]bkrN_begáItEdnm:aej:TicGciéRnþy_ b¤GacmanCaemEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic(Electroma- gnet)

EdlCarbuMExSGKÁisnImYyEdleKeFVI[crnþrt;kat;edIm,IbegáItEdnm:aej:TicedaycrnþGKÁisnI . ma:suIn plitGKÁisnIrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIFM²CaFmµtaeRbIr:UT½rEdlmanemEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:TicEdlEdnm:a ej:Ticrbs;vaGaceFVIkarERbRbÜl)an.lT§PaBGacERbRbÜlkmøaMgEdnm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½renHGacGnu BaØat[GñkbBa¢akarpliteFVIkarpøas;bþÚrtg;süúgbeBa©jcrnþqøas;rbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnIGnuelam eTAtamesckþIRtÚvkarbs;bnÞúk nigeTAtamkar)at;bg;enAelIRbB½n§)an .

emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic

rUbTI 3> m:asuInplitGKÁisnIcrnþqøas; 3 hVa

38

rUbPaBbgðajBIkardMeNIrkarrbs;emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½rmanbgðajkñúgrUbTI4.kardMeNIr karrbs;emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:TicKWQrelImUldæanénc,ab;rUbviTüaTI2EdlmaneQµaHfac,ab;GaMEBr nigEln(Ampere'sandLenz'sLaw).c,ab;enHEcgfa:crnþGKÁisnIEdleFVIdMeNIrenAkñúgExScmøg NamYybegáItnUvEdnm:aej:Tic(Magn eticField)mYyCuMvijExSenaHdUcmanbgðajkñúgrUbTI 4. tamc,ab;xagelIenHenAeBlEdleyIgdak;tg;süúgBIRbPBmYy]TahrN_GaKuyelIrbuMExSmYyvabegáIt )anCaEdnm:aej:Tic.Ednm:aej:Ticrbs;rbuMExSmanb:UleCIgnigb:Ult,ÚgdUcbgðajkñúgrUbTI5xageRkam. karbegáIntg;süúgb¤begáIncMnYnCuMénrbuMExSnwgeFVI[Ednm:aej:TicekIneLIg.pÞúyeTAvijkarbnßytg; süúgb¤bnßycMnYnCuMénrbuMExSnwgeFVI[Ednm:aej:TiccuHfy. edIm,Ipþl;tg;süúgBIGaKuyEdlenAes¶ómeTA[rbuMExSEdlzitenAelIr:YT½rEdlvilenaHeKeRbIkgrMGil (SlipRing).kgrMGilKWCakugtak;GKÁisnIEdleKeRbIsRmab;P¢ab;crnþGKÁisnIBIGaKuyEdlenAes¶óm eTA[r:UT½rEdlvil ehIy EdlbgðajkñúgrUbTI 5 nigrUbTI 6 .

rUbTI 5> emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic nigkgrMGil rUbTI 6> smasPaBénm:asuInplittg;süúg3hVa

]bkrN_rMejac RbPBtg;süúgEdleKpþl;eTA[r:UT½rsRmab;begáItCaEdnm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½reKehAfa]bkrN_ rMejac (Exciter) ehIyrbuMExSenAelIr:UT½reKehAfa Edn(Field) . rUbTI6bgðajGMBIEpñksMxan;TaMg 3 rbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnIcrnþqøas; 3 hVa KW ³ sþaT½r r:UT½r nig]bkrN_rMej:ac . m:asuInplitGKÁisnIPaKeRcIneRbIkgrMGil(SlipRing)sRmab;P¢ab;esoKVIGKÁisnIBI]bkrN_ rMejac(Exciter)EdlCaGñkpþl;RbPBtg;süúgehIyzitenAelItYm:asuInCamYyemEdkeGLicRtÚm:a ej:TicEdlmanrbuMExSzitenAelIr:UT½rvilEdlenATIenaHemEdkEGLicRtÚm:aej:TicenHbegáIt)anCaEdn m:aej:Ticmanb:UleCIg nigb:Ult,Úg . kMNt;sMKal;³enAeBleKbEnßmbnÞúkelIrbuMExSrbs;sþaT½rénm:asuInplitGKÁisnIeBlenaHel,Ón rbs;r:UT½rRtÚvfycuHBIeRBaHmankarekIneLIgénkmøaMgTb;rbs;Ednm:aej:TicEdlbegáIteLIgedaycrnþ

39

EdlekIneLIgenAkñúgrbuMExSrbs;sþaT½rTb;CamYynwgEdnm:aej:TicEdlbegáIteLIgedayrbuMExSrbs; emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Ticrbs;r:UT½r.pÞúyeTAvijenAeBleKbnßybnÞúkelIm:asuInplitGKÁisnIeBl enaHel,Ónrbs;r:UT½rekIneLIgBIeRBaHkmøaMgTb;rbs;Ednm:aej:TicEdlbegáIteLIgedaycrnþenAkñúgrbuM ExSrbs;sþaT½rcuHfy.dUecñHfamBlemkanic(MechanicalEnergy)rbs;m:asuInbgVilénm:asuIn plitGKÁisnIEdlmanmuxgarCaGñkbgVilr:UT½rRtÚvEtGaceFVIkarEktRmÚvedIm,IrkSael,Ónr:UT½rb¤eRhVkg;[ zitenAdEdlenAeBlmankar ERbRbÜllkçxNÐrbs;bnÞúkEdlpÞúkelIm:asuInplitGKÁisnI . b:Ulrbs;r:UT½r eKsegáteXIjfaRbsinebIeyIgbegáIt[manemEdk¬b¤emEdkeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic¦enAkñúgr:UT½r eRcInmann½yfacMnYnb:Ulm:aej:TiceRcIneBlenaHeRhVkg;rbs;m:asuInekIneLIgeRcInEdrmann½yfaRb sinebIm:asuInmYymanr:UT½rvilyWteKGacbegáItcMnYnb:Ulm:aej:TicbEnßmedIm,IrkSaeRhVkg;beBa©jrbs; m:asuInplitGKÁisnI[enAdEdl)an.m:asuInplitGKÁisnIEdlmanm:asuInbgVilvilyWtedIm,IdMeNIrkarbeBa©jeRhVkg;)anRtwmRtÚvdUcm:asuInplitd¾éTeKRtÚveRbIr:UT½rb:UleRcIn(Multiple-poleRotor) mann½yfar:UT½rEdlmanb:Ulm:aej:TiceRcIn.]TahrN_dUcCasßanIyvarIGKÁisnIRtÚveRbIm:asuInplit GKÁisnIEdlmanr:UT½rb:UleRcInBIeRBaHRbPBbgVilr:UT½rKWCalMhUrTwkEdlmankarlM)akkñúgkarbBa¢a nigRKb;RKgCagcMhayTwk dUecñHeKRtÚv[vavilyWteTIbRKb;RKg)anl¥ .

rUbTI7

bgðajGMBIeKalkarN_énkarbegáItb:UleRcInenAkñúgr:UT½rrbs;m:asuInplit.edaysarb:UlTaMgenHKw begáItedayEdnm:aej:TicdUecñHedIm,IbegáIt[manb:UleRcIneKRKan;EtbegáIt[manrbuMExSeRcInenAkñúgr:UT½reBlenaHeKGacTTYl)annUvEdnm:aej:TiceRcInnigmanb:UleRcIn . 4-GKÁisnIRtÚvplitEtenAeBlEdleKRtÚvkareRbIR)as;Cak;Esþgb:ueNÑaH CaTUeTAeragcRkGKÁisnIplitfamBlGKÁisnIenAeBlEdlmanesckþIRtÚvkareRbIR)as;Cak; Esþgb:ueNÑaH.RbB½n§GKÁisnIminGacsþúkfamBlGKÁisnITukdUcRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;]sµ½nb¤RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;Twk EdlGacsþúk]sµ½nb¤TwkTukeLIy.]TahrN_dUcCaenAeBl]bkrN_eRbIGKÁisnINamyRtÚv)aneK ebIkkugtak;dak;[eRbIeBlenaH]bkrN_eRbIenaHcab;epþImTajykfamBlGKÁisnIBIRbB½n§GKÁisnIPøam

rUbTI 7> b:Ulrbs;r:UT½r

40

nigeFVI[eragcRkGKÁisnIEdlP¢ab;CamYyRbB½n§enHTTYlbnÞúkGKÁisnIF¶n;CagmunPøammann½yfakmøaMg Tb;CamYykmøaMgbgVilrbs;ma:suInbgVilénm:asuInplitGKÁisnIekInelIsmuneFVI[rgVilrbs;r:UT½rvilyWt CagmunedaysarkarbEnßmbnÞúkrbs;]bkrN_enaHEfm.RbsinebIbnÞúkeRbIR)as;GKÁisnIeRcInRtÚv )aneKebIkkugtak;dak;[eRbIeBlenaHm:asuInbgVilEdlbgVilG½kSr:UT½rrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnIRtÚv begáInkmøaMgbgVilrbs;xøÜnPøamedIm,IrujGnuPaBbeBa©jrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI[ekIneLIgTb;Tl; rkSatulüPaBCamYykMeNInénGnuPaBesckþIRtÚvkarGKÁisnI.pÞúyBIRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;TwkEdlsþúkTwkTukenA kñúgGagTwkb¤kñúgFugTwkEdldak;enAelITItaMgx<s;b¤enAelIPñMedIm,IpÁt;pÁg;[GñkeRbIR)as;enAeBlNa EdleKRtÚvkareRbIvaCak;Esþg RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIRtÚvRKb;RKgnigsRmbsRmÜlkarplitGKÁisnIya:g Na edIm,IGacbegáInb¤bnßyGnuPaB eTAtamcMnYnénesckþIRtÚvkarGnuPaBCak;EsþgEdlERbRbÜleTAtam kareRbIR)as;Cak;Esþgrbs;GtifiCn . enAkñúgRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;Twk eKeFVIkarbUmTwkeLIgbBa©ÚleTAkñúgGag TwkEtenAeBlkMBs;TwkkñúgGagenaHcuHTabCagkRmitkMNt;b:ueNÑaH eBlbUmeBjehIym:asuInbUmTwk enHGacsRmakrhUtdl;TwkkñúgGagRtÚv)aneKeRbIGs;rhUtdl;kRmitkm<s;TwkcuHTabdl;kMNt;mþgeTot eTIbbUmmþgeTot eTaHbICakñúgcenøaHeBlenH kareRbIR)as;TwkmancMnYnmþgeRcIn mþgticya:gNak¾ eday . edayELkeragcRkplitGKÁisnIRtÚvplitGKÁisnIeTAtamcMnYnEdlRtÚvkarCak;Esþg eBlesc kþIRtÚvkarekIneLIgPøameragcRkplitRtÚvbegáInkarplitPøamEdreBlesckþIRtÚvkarcuHfyPøamerag cRkplitRtÚvbnßykarplitPøamEdr . eTaHbICaCak;EsþgeyIgGacmanRbB½n§sþúkfamBlGKÁisnITuk)andUcCaGaKuyk¾edayb:uEnþ GKÁisnIEdlzitenAkñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIcrnþqøas;KWCaGKÁisnIEdlRtÚveFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;Pøam²tameBlevla EdleKRtÚvkareRbICak;Esþg .

5-rebobP¢ab;rbuMrbs;ma:suInplit manrebob 2 EdleKeRbIsRmab;P¢ab;rbuMTaMg 3 rbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI 3 hVa . rbuMTaMg 3 duM enH mancugtMN ¬cugExSrbs;rbuM¦ cMnYn 6 suIemRTIKña . rebobtsuIemRTIKñaTaMg 2 Ebb rbs;m:asuIn plitGKÁisnI 3hVaeK[eQµaHfaRtIekaN (Delta)nig páay (Wye) .rUbTI8bgðajGMBI rebobtTaMg 2ya:genH.m:asuInplitGKÁisnICaFmµtamanrbuMExSsþaT½rtP¢ab;xagkñúgrYcCaeRsctam rebobRtIekaN (Delta)b¤tamrebobpáay(Wye).ehIyCaFmµtapøakeQµaH(Nameplate)rbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnImanbgðajGMBIrebobtrbuMEdleRbIelIsþaT½r .

rebobtRtIekaN

41

rebobtRtIekaNKWCarebobtmYyEdlrbuMTaMg3RtÚv)antP¢ab;bnþKñaCaes‘rI(Series)dUc bgðajkñúgrUbTI 8 . ExSbeBa©jGKÁisnITaMg 3hVaRtÚvcab;P¢ab;eTAcMNucrYmTaMg3EdlrbuMtP¢ab;Kña.

rebobtpáay rebobtpáayKWCarebobtmYyEdleKtcugExSmYyénrbuMnImYy²P¢ab;cUlKñabegáItCacMNucrYmmYy EdleKehAfacMNucNWt(Neutral).cMENkcugExS3eTotRtÚv)anbeBa©jeTAeRkAsRmab;[ RbB½n§xageRkAtP¢ab;ykGKÁisnIeTAeRbI.cMNucNWtCajwkjab;RtÚveKtP¢ab;eTARbB½n§ExSdIrbs;sßanIy edIm,IeFVI[tg;süúgmanlMnwg .

m:asuInplitGKÁisnIrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnI eRbIR)as;rebobtCaRtIekaN b¤Capáay sRmab;trbuM sþaT½rrbs;xøÜn . ExShVabeBa©jBIm:asuInplitGKÁisnI CaFmµtatP¢ab;eTARtg;sVÚtemøIgtg;süúg (Step-

up Transformer) EdlenATIenaHtg;süúgbeBa©jrbs;m:asuInplitRtÚv)antemøIgCaeRcIndg eTACa kRmittg;süúgbBa¢Ún edIm,IeFVIkardwkCBa¢Ún[manRbsiT§PaB . rUbTI 9 nig 10 bgðajBIrUbPaB tP¢ab; CaRtIekaN b¤Capáay rbs;m:asuInplit .

rUbTI 8> b:Ulrbs;r:UT½r

42

II. eragcRkGKÁisnI

1-yl;dwgTUeTAGMBIeragcRkGKÁisnI eragcRkGKÁisnI(PowerPlant)KWCaeragcRkmYyEdlplitfamBlGKÁisnIedIm,Ipþl;eTA[Gñk eRbIR)as;TaMgLayEdlRtÚvkareRbI.edIm,IplitGKÁisnI)anenAkñúgeragcRkplitGKÁisnI(Power

GenerationPlant)b¤eragcRkGKÁisnI(PowerPlant)minEmnmanEtm:asuInplitGKÁisnIb¤DINam:U enaHeTBIeRBaHm:asuInplitGKÁisnIEtÉgBuMGacplitGKÁisnI)aneLIyvaRtÚvkarm:asuInbgVil(Prime

Mover)bnÞb;bBa¢a(Control Room) nig GnusßanIy(Substation)EfmeTot . meFüa)ayemkanic(MechanicalMeans)sRmab;bgVilr:UT½rrbs;ma:suInplitRtÚv)aneKehA fa m:asuInbgVil (Prime Mover). RbPBfamBlEdlm:asuInbgVileRbIedIm,IbgVildgbgVilrbs;xøÜn eBlxøHminEmnCa\n§n³dMbUgrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIeTKWGacCaplitplmYyeTotEdleKTTYl)anBIkar bMEbøg\n§n³dMbUg]TahrN_dUcCaenAeragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµeKbMEbøg\n§n³edIm{FüÚgfµ}¬dutFüÚgfµ¦edIm,I begáItplitseRmcKWcMhayTwksm<aFx<s;EdlCaRbPBfamBlykeTAbgVilTYrb‘In(Turbine). famBlGKÁisnIPaKeRcInenAkñúgBiPBelakeBlbc©úb,nñenHRtÚv)aneKplitecjBikarbMEbøgén\n§n³ FüÚgfµeRbg]sµ½nFmµCatinuyekøEG‘nigvarI.edayELkfamBlGKÁisnImYycMnYntUcRtÚv)aneKplitBI RbPBfamBlxül;BnøWRBHGaTitükMedABIkñúgdInigCIvm:as;.l. kñúgÉksarenHeyIgnwgeFVIkarEsVgyl;GMBIeragcRkGKÁisnIepSg²EdleRbIR)as;RbPBfamBl xus²KñasRmab;plitGKÁisnIdUcxageRkam ³ eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay(Steam Turbines Power Plants)

eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIl ¬FüÚgfµ ]sµ½n eRbg¦

rUbTI 9> kartCaRtIekaNrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI rUbTI 10> kartCapáayrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI

kcrnþCab;DC exiter EdlEktmrUv)an kcrnþCab;DC exiter EdlEktmrUv)an

43

eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbI\n§n³nuyekøEG‘ eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedABIkñúgdI eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedABIBnøWRBHGaTitü

eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI (Hydro Electric Power Plants)

eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb; nigsÞwg eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITwkbUmTuk (Pump Storage)eragcRkCMenasmuRT Tidal, eragcRk-

rlksmuRT

eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehH(Combustion Turbine Power Plants)

eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIedüEsl eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbI]sµ½nFmµCati eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkarpÁúMrvagcMehHnigcMhay (Combine Cycle)

eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül; (Wind Turbine Power Plants)

BnøWRBHGaTitü (Solar - photovoltic)

2-yl;dwgGMBIeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay(Steam Turbine Power Plants)KWCaeragcRkplit GKÁisnImYyEdleRbITYrb‘IncMhay (Steam Turbine) Cam:asuInbgVilDINam:U . enAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIRbPTenHtMbUgeKRtÚvmanLcMhaynigqñaMgcMhayedIm,IplitcMhay TwkkMedAx<s;b¤cMhayTwks¶Üt.kñúgdMeNIrkarenHTwkenAkñúgqñaMgcMhayRtÚv)andutkMedAenAkñúgLcMhayrhUtdl;mansm<aFnigmansItuNðPaBx<s;xøaMgeFVI[cMhayenH)aj;bBa¢ÚneTATYrb‘IncMhay(Steam

Turbine)edaykmøaMgmYyd¾xøaMgEdlrujelIsøabTYrb‘InedIm,IbgVilTYrb‘Inkñúg)atuPUtenHfamBlrbs;cMhayTwkRtÚv)anbMEbøg[eTACafamBlbgVilsRmab;bgVilr:UT½rrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI¬b¤EdleyIgFøab;ehAfaDINam:U¦.kñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenHeKRtÚvRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;G½kSbgVilénTYrb‘IncMhay[)antwgrwg BIeRBaHel,ÓnenHTak;TgpÞal;CamYyeRhVkg;GKÁisnIEdleragcRkkMBugplit . TYrb‘IncMhay(SteamTurbine)KWCaeRKÓgynþb¤ma:suInmYyEdlbMEbøgfamBl b¤sm<aFrbs;cMhayTwkkMedAx<s;(SuperheatedSteam)[eTACakmøaMgbgVilCak;EsþgmYybgVildgbgVil(Shaft)rbs;TYrb‘Ín . TYrb‘IncMhayRtÚv)aneKerobcMdUcCabMBg;mYysRmab;[cMhayTwkrt;kat; EdlenAkNþalbMBg;enHmanbNþÚlmYyEdleyIgehAfar:UTr½TYrb‘In.enAelIr:UT½rTYrb‘IneKerobcM[mansøabCaeRcInehAfasøabTYrb‘In(TurbineBlades).

44

søabTYrb‘InenHmanmuxgarTTYlcrnþ)aj;d¾xøaMgrbs;cMhayTwksm<aFx<s;begáIt[CakmøaMgbgVilr:UT½rnigdgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘In.enAeBlEdlcMhayTwksm<aFx<s;enHrt;kat;EpñkTI1(FirstStage)rbs;søabTYrb‘In(TurbineBlades)edayfamBlmYycMnYnrbs;cMhayTwkRtÚv)anbMEbøgeTACakmøaMgrujelIsøabTyrb‘InrYcehIyenaHsm<aFnigsItuNðPaBrbs;cMhayTwkRtÚv)anfycuHmYycMnYnFM.cMhayTwkEdlcuHfysm<aFnigkMedAmYycMnYnenHGacdak;[rt;kat;EpñkTI2rbs;søabTYrb‘InbnþeTotEdlenATIenaHsm<aFnigsItuNðPaBrbs;cMhayTwkEdlenAsl;GacRtÚv)anbMEbøgeTACakmøaMgbgVilbEnßmeTotEdlrujelIsøabTYrb‘InenAEpñkTI2bEnßmelIkmøaMgbgVilelIsøabTYrb‘InenAEpñkTI1.CaFmµtasøabTYrb‘InenAEpñkTI 2manTMhMFMCagsøabTYrb‘InenAEpñkTI1edIm,IGnuBaØat[cMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFTabCagGacruj)anxøaMgnigGs;lT§PaB.enAeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayxøHcMhayTwkkMedAx<s;enAeBlrt;kat;søabTYrb‘InEpñkTI1rYcehIyRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚnRtlb;eTAqñaMgcMhayvijedIm,I[kMedAbEnßmnigbegáInsm<aFvaEfmrYceTIb bBa¢ÚneTAqøgkat;EpñkTI2rbs;søabTYrb‘InbnþeTot.eKeFVIdUecñHedIm,IbegáInRbsiT§PaBénkarbMEbøgfamBl . enAeBlEdlfamBlrbs;cMhayTwkRtÚv)anepÞreTA[dgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘InrYccMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFnigsItuNðPaBTabecjBITYrb‘InCaFmµtaRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCacMhayTwkEdlbeBa©jGs;famBlsRmab;kareRbIR)as;rbs;TYrb‘InehIydUecñHcMhayTwkenHRtÚvbgçab;(Condense)va[eTACaTwkvij muneBlvaGacRtÚv)aneRbIeLIgvij.dMeNIrkarénkarbgçab;(CondensingProcess)cMhayTwk[eTACaTwkeLIgvijRtÚv)aneFVIedaykugdg;s½r(Condenser) nigb:meFVI[TwkRtCak;(CoolingTower) . kugdg;s½rKWCabnÞb;RtCak;EdlGaceFVIcMhayTwkkreTAtMNk;TwkedayeRbIR)as;TwkRtCak;BIRbPBepSg²mks¥MbnÞb;enH[RtCak;.enAeBlEdlcMhayTwkEdl)aneRbIrYcRtÚv)anbgçab;[eTACatMNk;nigFøak;eTACaTwkekþAFmµtam:asuInbUmTwksRmab;pÁt;pÁg;Twk[qñaMgcMhaybUmTwkekþAenHRtLb;eTAqñaMgcMhayvij edIm,IeRbIvaeLIgvij.enHKWCadMeNIrkarvg;biTmYyEdlTwkkøayeTACacMhayrYccMhayenHRtLb;eTACaTwkvijnigecHEtbnþrebobenHteTAeTotkñúgeBlTyrb‘IndMeNIrkar.kñúgdMeNIrkarenHeKRtÚvbEnßmbrimaNTwkxøHCaRbcaMedIm,IbMeBj[TwkEdllicb¤RCabecjxøH²nigkarPaycMhayecjeTAeRkAxøHCaRbcaM . kugdg;s½r ykTwkRtCak;BIRbPBTwkEdlenACit dUcCa GNþÚg bwg sÞwg Tenø smuRT EdlenA Ek,reragcRkb¤BIb:meFVI[TwkRtCak;b¤BIRbPBepSg²eTotehIybUmbBa¢Ún[vart;kat;bMBg;Twkkñúgkugdg;s½r.cMhayTwkEdleRbIrYcRtÚvqøgkat;bMBg;TwkRtCak;CaeRcInenAkñúgkugsg;s½reFVI[vakrCatMNk;TwkFøak;cuH.tMNk;TwkEdlFøak;cuHeTAeRkamRtÚvhUrcuHeTAGNþÚgmYyenA)atkugdg;s½rehIyRtÚv)anbUmRtlb;eTALcMhayvijedayma:suInbUmrbs;qñaMgcMhay .

45

CaTUeTA eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay kñúgkarbMEbøgfamBlkMedArbs;\n§n³ eTACafamBl bgVilemkanic nigbnÞab;mkeTACafamBlGKÁisnI GacmanRbsiT§PaBRtwm 25° eTA 35° b:ueNÑaH mann½yfa famBlecjBIkardut\n§n³ 100° KWmanEt 25° eTA 35° EdlGaceRbIR)as;[eTACa famBlGKÁisnI edayELkeRkABIenaH RtÚv)an)at;bg;ecaleTAkñúgbriyakasxageRkA . BitEmnEt eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayKWCaRbB½n§mYymanRbsiT§PaBTabb:uEnþvaKWCaRbB½n§manesßrPaBx<s; nwgRtÚv)aneKniym eRbIR)as;sRmab;bnÞúkCamUldæan(Base Load)enAkñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIFM² .

2-1 eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIl eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay EdleyIg)anerobrab;xagelI KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnImYyEdleK GaceRbIRbPB\n§n³epSg²edIm,IdutkMedAbegáItCacMhayTwkedIm,IplitCaGKÁisnIdUcCaeRbIFüÚgfµ(Coal) eRbg\n§n³(Oil) ]sµ½nFmµCati(Natural Gas) nigvtßúFatueqH(CombustibleMaterial) d¾éTeTot .l.FüÚgfµ(Coal)eRbg\n§n³(Oil)]sµ½nFmµCati(NaturalGas)KWCaRbePT\n§n³Er:EdlCaEr:kekItGMBIkMeTcrukçCatib¤stVEdlkb;ecalenAkñúgRsTab;dIrab;lanqñaMmkehIydUecñHeTIbeKehA\n§n³RbePTenHfaCa\n§n³hVÚsuIl(FossilFuel)b¤\n§n³EdlkekItBIkMeTcrukçCatib¤stVkb;kñúgdIrab;lanqñaMEdlPasaGg;eKøseKehAfahVÚsuIl(FossilFuel).dUecñHeragcRkGKÁisnIeRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIl(FossilFuelPowe

rPlant)KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayEdleRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIlCaRbPBfamBlsRmab;plitGKÁisnI.edaysarkareRbIR)as;RbPB\n§n³epSg²TamTarnUv]bkrN_caM)ac;xus²KñasRmab;bBa¢Ún\n§n³cUleTALcMhaynig]bkrN_xus²KñasRmab;RKb;RKgdMeNIrkaréncMehHrbs;\n§n³karbBa¢ÚnnigkarPayecjén]sµ½n karcab;ykplitplxøHEdleyIgmincg;)an.l. cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIlxøHeKGacpøas;bþÚrRbePT\n§n³)andUcCa eragcRkGKÁisnIEdleRbIeRbgCaRbPBfamBleKGacpøas;bþÚrBIeRbgeTACa]sµ½nFmµCati)an enAeBlEdl]sµ½nFmµCatimanéføefakCageRbg.CaFmµtaeKmineFVIkarpøas;bþÚreragcRkGKÁisnIEdleRbIFüÚgfµ[eTACaeRbIeRbgb¤]sµ½nenaHeTelIkElgEteragcRkGKÁisnIenHRtÚv)anerobcMeLIgkñúglkçN³BiessEdleKGaceRbIFüÚgfµk¾)annigeRbIeRbgb¤]sµ½nk¾)anBIeRBaHkardMeNIrkarcMehHrbs;vamanlkçN³xusKñaxøaMgEdleFVI[karpøas;bþÚrRbPB\n§n³BIFüÚgfµ manéføx<s; minmanRbsiT§PaBesdækic© . enAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIFüÚgfµFüÚgfµRtÚv)aneKduttamrebob 2 ya:g . rebobTI 1 KWCa rebobcas;EdleragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµsagsg;mun²Føab;eRbIrebobenHKWeKdak;FüÚgfµelIExSreTHdwk CBa¢Únelah³EdlnaMFüÚgfµenHyWt²cUleTA)atLcMhayedIm,IdutbeBaäH.FüÚgfµEdlreTHelah³dwkcUlLenHRtÚv)aneqHenAelIreTHEtmþg.eBlFüÚgfµeqHGs;epHEdlenAsl;RtÚvFøak;BIreTHeTAeRkam)at

46

rUbTI 11>KMnUsbMRBÜjéneragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµ

LehIyRtÚveKRbmUlecjeTAeRkAenAeBlvaeBjmþg².epHEdlecjBIkardutFüÚgfµenHeBlxøHKWCaplitplmYyEdlGaclk;eTACavtßúFatuedImrbs;eragcRk]sSahkmµmYyeTotdUcCaeragcRkplitsuIm:g;t_CaedIm . eragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµbc©úb,nñeKeRcIneRbIrebobfµImYyeTotKWmuneBleKdutFüÚgfµRtÚv)ankin [m:t;dUcemSA ehIy)aj;vabBa©ÚlkñúgLdut dUcCakardut]sµ½n . FüÚgfµEdl)ankinkMeTc[eTACaemSA ehIyenH RtÚv)anlayCamYyl,ayxül; nwgRtÚv)aneqHenAkñúgLcMhay . cMehHénl,ayenHbegáIt )anCaplitplmYycMnYn dUcCakMeTcepHEdlFøak;cuHeTA)atL nig]sµ½nmYycMnYndUcCa NO2, CO nig SO2 layLMCamYy l¥gepH (Fine Ash) EdlPayecjeTAbriyakasxageRkAtamry³bMBg;EpSg . edIm,IkarBarbrisßan RbeTsmYycMnYnFMkñúgBiPBelak)anbegáIt[manCac,ab; b¤bTb,BaØtþi kMNt; brimaNén]sµ½nBulEdlPayecjBILcMhayéneragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµeTAbriyakas[zitenAkñúg kRmitmYyEdlbriyakasGacTTYlyk)an.edIm,IbMeBjtamlkçxNÐénkarkarBarbrisßanenHbc©úb,nñeragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµRtÚvtemøIg ]bkrN_lagsMGat]sµ½n (Scrubber) nig fg;Rtgl¥gepH (Baghouse)sRmab;RtgyksarFatuEdlminRtÚvkarTaMgenH muneBlvaecjeTAbriyakas. ]bkrN_lagsMGat]sµ½n(Scrubber) KWCa]bkrN_mYyEdleKeRbIsRmab;cab;yk]sµ½nBulTuk edIm,IEklMGKuNPaBénkarPayecjBIbMBg;EpSgrbs;eragcRk.fg;Rtgl¥gepH(Baghouse)

KWCa]bkrN_EdleKeRbICaTUeTAedIm,Icab;ykl¥gepHEdlehIrecjenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIFüÚgfµ edIm,IeFVIkarsMGatxül;EdlPayecj kuM[manl¥gepH . cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbIFüÚgfµenAeBlbc©úb,nñeKsegáteXIjmanbBaðasMxan;² cMnYn 3 EdleKkMBugKitKUr KW ³ 1-kgVl;GMBIbBaðabrisßanecjGMBIkardutFüÚgfµ ]TahrN_dUcCa ePøógGasuId (Acid Rain)

2-bBaðakardwkCBa¢ÚnFüÚgfµ 3-RbEvgExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnBIRbB½n§GKÁisnIeTAeragcRkGKÁisnIEdlCaFmµtamancm¶ayq¶ay .

\LÚveyIgBinitüGMBIRbB½n§plitGKÁisnIenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbIFüÚgfµ.RbB½n§plitGKÁisnIenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbIFüÚgfµ mansegçbenAkñúgrUbTI 11xageRkam .

rUbTI11enH bgðajnUvKMnUsbMRBÜjrbs;eragcRk GKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbIFüÚgfµTUeTAmYy . kñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjenH eyIgeXIjfa ExSsgVak;TI1

KWkarpÁt;pÁg;FüÚgfµcUleTAdutenAkñúgLcMhay .FüÚgfµ KWCavtßúFatuedImrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIenH

47

EdlRtÚv)aneKeRbIedIm,IdutkMedATwkkñúgqñaMgcMhay(Boiler)EdlzitenAkñúgLcMhayeFVI[TwkenHkøayeTACacMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFxøaMgnigsItuNðPaBx<s;xøaMg.enAeBlEdlTwk)ankøayeTACacMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFnigsItuNðPaBx<s;xøaMgcMhayenHnwg)aj;tambMBg;cMhay(SteamLine)eq<aHeTAkan;TYrb‘In.

enAeBlEdlcMhayTwk)anbMEbøgfamBlEdlxøÜnTTYl)anenAqñaMgcMhay[eTACakmøaMgbgilrujelIsøabTYrb‘InrYcehIycMhayTwkenH)anecjmkkugdg;s½rEdlenATIenaHcMhayTwkGs;sm<aFenHRtÚv)ankugdg;s½reFVI[RtCak;Føak;eTACaTwkvijehIyTwkenHRtÚv)anbUmbBa©ÚleTAeRbIenAqñaMgcMhayeLIgvij .

enAkñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjenHeyIgeXIjfadgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘IncMhaytP¢ab;CamYydgbgVilrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnImann½yfakmøaMgbgVilrbs;dgbgVilénTYrb‘IncMhayRtÚv)anepÞrCarebobemkaniceTAbgVilr:UT½rrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnIedIm,IplitRbPBtg;süúgGKÁisnIbBa¢ÚneTAGnusßanIyGKÁisnIEdlzitenAEk,renaH.el,Ónrbs;TYrb‘IncMhayRtÚv)anRKb;RKgedaykarRKb;RKgbrimaNcMhayEdlRtÚv)aj;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgTYrb‘IneFVI[eKGacRKb;RKgeRhVkg;GKÁisnIEdlbeBa©jBIm:asuIn)an.enAeBlEdlmanbnÞúkGKÁisnIenAelIRbB½n§GKÁisnIel,ÓnéndgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘InRtÚvbnÞúkenHTajfycuHdUecñHeBlenaHva:nbiTebIkcMhaynwgebIkFMCagmunedIm,I[brimaNcMhay)aj;cUleTATYrb‘IneRcInCagmunrkSael,ÓnTYrb‘Ín[enAdEdl eFVI[eKGacrkSaeRhVkg;GKÁisnI[enAdEdl .

enAkñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjeyIgeXIjfaenAeBlFüÚgfµeqHEpSgnig]sµ½nepSg²EdlPayecjRtÚv)anbk;tRmg;eTAbMBg;EpSg.enATIenaHeKtemøIg]bkrN_lagsMGat]sµ½n(Scrubber)nigfg;Rtgl¥gepH(Baghouse)edIm,IdkykecjnUvsarFatunanaEdlb:HBal;brisßan dUcCa]sµ½nBulnigl¥gepHBIEpSg munnwgEpSgenHbeBa©jecaleTAkñúgbriyakas .

RbB½n§mYyeTotEdlcUlrYmkñúgExSsgVak;plitGKÁisnIrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIenHEdrKWExSsgVak;énkars¥McMhay[RtCak;edIm,I[cMhayEdleRbIrYckøayeTACatMNk;Twkvij.enAkñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjeKbUmTwkRtCak;BIGagTwkEdlenAEk,reragcRk¬GacCaGNþÚg bwg sÞwg Tenø b¤smuRT¦ rYcbBa¢ÚnTwkRtCak;enHcUleTAkñúgbnÞb;kugdg;s½reFVI[bnÞb;enHRtCak;edIm,IbMEbøgcMhayTwk[eTACaTwksRmab;eRbIR)as;eLIgvij .

48

rUbTI 12

KWCarUbftbgðajGMBIrUbPaBéneragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhaydutFüÚgfµmYy.enAkñúgrUbPaBenHs<anxagmuxeragcRkdwkCBa¢ÚnFüÚgfµeTAkan;kEnøgkinFüÚgfµmunnwgbBa¢ÚnvabBa©ÚleTAdutenAkñúgLcMhayrbs;eragcRk.enAeragcRkenHeKRby½tñRbEygbMputmin[mankareqHGVIbnþicbnþÜcekIteLIgenAkEnøgsþúkFüÚgfµeLIyBIeRBaHGacbgáCaGKÁIP½y)an . 2-2 eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘(Nuclear Power Plants) k¾CaeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay mYyEdrb:uEnþKWeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayEdleRbIR)as;kMedAecjBIRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘EdlRKb;RKg)an(ControlledNuclearReaction)ykeTAkMedATwk[køayeTACacMhayTwkEdlmankMedAnigsm<aFx<s; edIm,IbgVilTYrb‘IncMhayehIykmøaMgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘IncMhayykeTAbgVilr:UT½rm:asuIn plitGKÁisnI edIm,IbegáItCaGKÁisnI .

rUbTI 12> rUbPaBéneragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhaydutFüÚgfµmYy

49

cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘bBaðaEdlRtÚvRby½tñRbEygbMputKWbBaðasuvtßiPaB.enARbeTsEdlmaneragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eKEtgbegáIt[manc,ab;\bTb,BaØtþiviFannanasRmab;RKb;RKgkarsagsg;nigkardMeNIrkarerag\cRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘.enAeBleKmanbMNgsagsg;eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eKtRmÚv[eFVIkarsikSanigerobcMÉksarbec©keTsCaeRcInedIm,IFanafasMNg;eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘enH bnÞab;BIsagsg;rYc GacdMeNIrkarRbkbedaysuvtßuiPaB minbgá[manbBaðadl;saFarN³ . enAeBldMeNIrkarGñkdMeNIrkareragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘RtÚvdMeNIrkareragcRkenH GnuelamtamviFanmYyEdltwgEtgbMput nigRtÚvmankarRtÜtBinitüya:gRby½tñRbEygbMput nigCaRbcaMEdlFanafakardMeNIrkareragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eFVIeTARbkbedaysuvtßiPaB . yl;dwgGMBIfamBlnuyekøEG‘ edIm,Iyl;dwgGMBIfamBlnuyekøEG‘ dMbUgbMputeyIgRtÚvyl;dwgGMBI GatUm(Atom) . GVI²TaMg Gs;EdlTak;TgnwgfamBlnuyekøEG‘ KWekItecjBIGatUm . GatUmnImYy²ekIteLIgBI sñÚlGatUm (Nucleus) EdlkñúgsñÚlenaHmanRKab;RbÚtug(Protons) nigRKab;NWRtúg (Neutrons) nigeGLic Rtúg EdlvilCuMvijsñÚlGatUmenaH . cMnYnRbÚtug NWRtúg nigeGLicRtúg EdlGatUmnImYy²man kMNt; Tm¶n;rbs;GatUm nigRbePTénGgÁFaturbs;tUmenHenAkñúgtaragGgÁFatuKImI . famBlnuyekøEG‘ KWCa famBlmYyEdlbgáb;enAkñúgsñÚlrbs;GatUm EdlenATIenaHmanRKab;RbÚtug nigRKab;NWRtúg . enA eBlbegáItCaGgÁFatuepSg² FmµCati)anerobcM[RbUtugnigNWRtúgrbs;GatUmnImYy²cgP¢ab;Kñay:ag ENnedaykmøaMgP¢ab;mYyd¾xøaMgbegáItCasñÚlrbs;GatUm . enAeBlEdlsñÚlGatUmrbs;GgÁFatuF¶n;² ]TahrN_dUcCa GYra:nIj:Úm 235(Uranium 235) )anbMEbkxøÜnrbs;vaCabMENktUc²epSgBIKña eBlenaHfamBlEdlbgáb;enAkñúgsñÚlGatUmxøH)anPayecjmkeRkAehIyGacbegáIt)anCakMedAEdleyIgGacykmkeRbIR)as;)an.dMeNIrkarénkarEbksñÚlGatUmeyIgehAfaRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘(Nucle

arReaction) ehIyfamBlkMedAEdlPayecjenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘enH eyIgehAfa famBlnuyekøEG‘(NuclearEnergy).kMedAEdlPayecjxagelIenHeKykmkkMedATwkbegáItCacMhayTwkEdlmansItuNðPaBnigsm<aFx<s; edIm,IeTAbgVilTYrb‘In nigm:asuInplit GKÁisnI . GVIEdl)anerobrab;xagelIenH KWCamUldæanRKwHéneragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ . manrebobsMxan;²2ya:g EdleKeRbIsRmab;eFVI[mankarPayfamBlnuyekøEG‘ecjBIGatUm. rebobTI 1 eKehAfa hVúIsin (Fission) EdleyIgGacehACaExµrfa karbMEbkGatUm . hVúIsin KWCa karbMEbkGatUmEdlmansñÚlFM dUcCaGatUmGYra:nIjÚm [eTACaGatUmtUc²EdlmansñÚltUcCag enAkñúg er:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘ (Nuclear Reactor) edIm,IbMPayfamBlbegáIteTACakMedA ykeTAeRbIR)as;

rUbTI 13> rUbPaBéneragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘mYy

50

begáItcMhayTwkykeTAbgVilTYrb‘In . rebobTI 2 eKehAfa hV‘ÚsSin (Fussion) EdleyIgGac ehACaExµrfa karbBa¢ab;GatUmcUlKña . hV‘ÚsSin KWCakarbBa¢ab;GatUmEdlmansñÚltUc²cUlKña[ eTACaGatUmEdlmansñÚlFM ehIymankarbMPayfamBlecj . b:uEnþrhUtdl;eBlbc©úb,nñ hV‘ÚsSin er:Gak;T½r minTan;RtÚv)aneKeRbIsRmab;karplitGKÁisnIenAeLIy edaysarmankarlM)akkñúgkaryk QñHelIkmøaMgRcanecjCaFmµCatirbs;RKab;RbÚtugEdlmanbnÞúkGKÁisnIviC¢man enAkñúgsñÚlrbs;GatUm kñúgeBlEdlRKab;RbÚtugfµIRtÚvbBa¢ab;cUl . enAkñúg rebobhVúIsinb¤karbMEbkGatUm GatUmrbs;GgÁFatuF¶n;²xøH dUcCaGatUmGYr:anIj:Úm Gac bMEbkxøÜnrbs;va enAeBlmanNWRtúgNamYy)aj;eTAelIsñÚlrbs;va . enAeBlEdlvabMEbkxøÜn vanwg PayecjnUvfamBlkñúgrUbPaBCa famBlclkr(KineticEnergy)nigfamBlviTüúskmµ(Radiation). famBlclkrEdlPayecjCafamBlEdlGacbMEbøgCakMedA ykeTAkMedATwk . famBlviTüúskmµ(Radiation) KWCarlkBnøWfamBlx<s;(High-Energy Light Waves) Edl PayecjBIGatUmedaysarrMj½rénsñÚlGatUmEdlmanGtulüPaB enAeBlvaRtÚvbMEbkxøÜn . dMeNIr karbMEbkGatUmenH minRtwmEtbeBa©jnUv famBlclkrnig famBlviTüúskmµ b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþva k¾pþl;nUvRKab;NWRtúgxøHEdlrt;eTA)aj;bMEbk b¤eFVI hVúIsinelIsñÚlGatUmGYra:nIjÚmd¾éTeTotEdr dUecñH ehIyeTIbRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘ebIvaekItmanehIy vanwgekItCabnþbnÞab;CaExSsgVak; nigekItkan;EtFMeTA y:agqab;rh½s RbsinebIeKBuMeFVIkarRKb;RKgvaeT . karbMEbkGatUm edaymankarRKb;RKgc,as;las; KWCamUldæand¾manRbsiT§PaBEdleKykeTAeRbIsRmab;plitGKÁisnI . edayELk RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘ b¤ karbMEbkGatUmedayesrI BuMmankarRKb;RKg KWCamUldæanEdleKykeTAplitCaRKab;EbkbrimaNU . er:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG KWCa]bkrN_mYyEdleKerobcMeLIgedIm,I[RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘rdMeNIrkar enAkñúgenaH . er:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘ (Nuclear Reactor)RtÚvdak;[zitenAkñúg KRmbnuyekøEG‘(Con-

tainment Shell) EdleKsg;RKbBIelIvatamsßanPaBCak;Esþg . KRmbnuyekøEG‘ sagsg;eLIgGMBI ebtugd¾maM rYmCamYynwgEdkd¾Rkas; edIm,IkarBarnUvlT§PaBénkarEbkFøayer:Gak;T½r edaysareRKaH fñak;GVImYy . eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ k¾manRbB½n§bMrugkarBarmYyeTot sRmab;karBarkarEbkFøay er:Gak;T½r . enAeBlmanGasnñ RbB½n§karBarbMrugnwgbeBa©jnUvsaFatu )ar:Un (Baron) eTAkñúg sarFatuTajykkMedArbs;er:Gak;T½r(Reactor Coolant) . )ar:Un(Baron) KWCaGgÁFatumYyEdl RsÚbykNWtRtúgy:agRsÜlnigqab;rh½s . edaysarkarRsÚbNWRtúgy:agRsÜlnigqab;rh½senH

51

ehIy enAeBlbeBa©jsarFatu )ar:Un NWRtúgRtÚv)anRsÚbykeday)ar:Un nigBuMGacmanlT§PaBrt;eTA )aj;bMEbksñÚlGatUmnuyekøEG‘d¾éTeToteLIy eFVI[eBlenaH er:Gak;T½rRtÚvbBaÄb;dMeNIrkarTaMgRsúg . CaTUeTA er:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘ KWCaqñaMgFMmYyEdleFVIBIEdkRkas;Tb;nwgsm<aFxøaMg ehIykñúgqñaMg enHeKbMeBjedaysarFatuTajykkMedArbs;er:Gak;T½r . enAkNþalqñaMger:Gak;T½r eKerobcM temøIg sñÚler:Gak;T½r(Reactor Core) . kñúgsñÚler:Gak;T½r man\n§n³GYra:nIjÚm . \n§n³enHRtÚv)an erobcMjat;bBa©ÚlkñúgRKab;suILaMgB½rsWElnEdlmanbnÞat;p©itRbmaNCa3/75sgÞIEm:RtehIyRKab;suILaMg\n§n³enHRtÚveKdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbMBg;elah³EvgmYyEdleKehAfa bMBg;\n§n³(Fuel Tubes) . bMBg;\n§n³RtÚv)aneKteRmóbRbmUlpþúMCaRkúm².RkúménbMBg;bMBg;\n§n³TaMgGs;bBa©ÚlKñaeKehAfasñÚler:Gak;T½r(Reactor Core) . edIm,IRKb;RKgkarplitkMedA enAkñúger:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘ eKeRbIsarFatub¤smÖar³sRmab;RsÚbyk NWtRtúg.sarFatub¤smÖar³sRmab;RsÚbykNWtRtúgedIm,IRKb;RKgkMedAeKdak;enAcenøaHRkúménbMBg;\n§n³ehIysmÖar³enHCaFmµtaenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eK[eQµaHfadgbBa¢a(ControlRod). enAeBlEdl dgbBa¢a enH elIkecjBIsñÚler:Gak;T½r nwgmanNWRtúgeRcInecj eTA)aj;sñÚlGatUm d¾éTeToteFVI[RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘ekIneLIgnigbegáItkMedAeRcInCagmun.enAeBlEdldgbBa¢aenHRCmuccUleTAkñúgsñÚler:Gak;T½rkan;EteRCA karRsÚbykNWRtúgk¾kan;EteRcInEdreFVI[RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘fycuH ehIykMedAk¾fycuHEdr . enAeBlEdldgbBa¢a RCmuccUleTAkñúgsñÚl er:Gak;T½reBj NWRtúgEdl)aj;ecjRtÚv)anRsÚbykTaMgGs;edaysarFatuRsÚbNWRtúg ehIyRbtikmµ nuyekøEG‘RtÚv)anbBaÄb; ehIykMedAk¾KµanEdr .dUecñHRbB½n§clnaéndgbBa¢aRKb;RKgkarbeBa©jGnuPaBrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnI . er:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘EdlmanlkçN³BaNiC¢kmµCageKeRbITwkFmµtaCasarFatuTajykkMedArbs;er:Gak;T½redIm,ITajykkMedAEdlbegáItedayRbtikmµhVúIsinb¤eyIgehAfaRbtikmµén karbMEbkGatUm . er:Gak;T½rrebobenHeKehAfa er:Gak;T½rTwkRsal (Light Water Reactors) . TwkenHk¾eRbIsRmab;CamCÄdæankNþalbnßyclnarbs;NWRtúgenAkñúgRbtikmµhVIsin [smlµm Gac eFVIkar)anEdr . enAkñúgRbePTer:Gak;T½renH eKerobcMRbB½n§emkanicbBa¢aya:gNaedIm,I[RbtikmµCaExS sgVak;rbs;nuyekøEG‘RtÚv)anbBaÄb; RbsinebIBuMmanTwkCamCÄdæankNþaleT . eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekø EG‘er:Gak;T½rTwkRsalEdleKeRbIR)as;sBVéf¶man2RbePTKW³1-er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn(Pressurized

Water Reactor - PWR) nig2- er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH(Boiling Water Reactor - BWR).

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TwkENn nigTwkBuHmanlkçN³xusKñaRtg;TwkENnKWCaTwkEdlzitenAkñúgRbB½n§biTCitmYy ehIymanTwkeBjenAeBleKkMedAvavamansItuNðPaBnigsm<aFekIneLIgx<s;b:uEnþBuMGacBuHkøayeTACacMhay)anedaysarBuMmancenøaHsRmab;PayeTACacMhayedayELkTwkBuHKWCaTwkEdlzit enAkñúgRbB½n§mYy EdlmancenøaHsRmab;[TwkBuHnigkøayeTACacMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFnigsItuNðPaBx<s;rYc)aj;tRmg;eTAkEnøgEdl mansm<aFexSayCag . er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn KMnUsbMRbÜjénkareRbI er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn(Pressurized Water Reactor - PWR) enA kñúgeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ manbgðajCUn enAkñúgrUbTI 14 xageRkam .

dMbUgbMput eyIgeXIjfa cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnIInuyekøEG‘eRbIer:Gak;T½rTwkENnkñúgrUbKMnUrenH er:Gak;T½r nigm:asuInplitcMhay RtÚv)andak;[zitenAkñúgKRmbnuyekøEG‘Rkas;mYy . KRmbnuyekøEG‘ enH RtÚv)anerobcMya:gmaM edIm,ITb;Tl;CamYynwgeRKaHfñak;epSg² TaMgkarEbkFøayer:Gak;T½r enAxag kñúgKRmbenH nigTaMgkarb:HTgÁicBIxageRkA ]TahrN_ dUcCaynþehaHFuntUcehaHbukcMCaedIm . enAkñúger:Gak;T½rRbePTenH eKerobcM[dac;BIKñarvagTwkEdlmanCativiTüúskmµ ¬sarFatuTajykkMedA BIer:Gak;T½r¦ nigTwkEdlRtÚvbegáItCacMhay EdlRtÚvrujeTATYrb‘InEdlzitenAxageRkAKRmbnuyekøEG‘. enAkñúger:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn kMedARtÚv)anRsÚbBIer:Gak;T½r edaycrnþTwk EdleFVIclnaenAkñúg RbB½n§biTmYy EdleKerobcMya:gmaMnigya:gCitENnGacTb;Tl;nwgsm<aFx<s;xøaMg)an eFVI[TwkEdl

rUbTI 14> KMnUsbMRBÜjeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eRbIer:Gak;T½rTwkENn

53

zitenAkñúgRbB½n§enHeTaHCakMedAya:gNak¾minBuHkøayCacMhay)aneLIy RKan;EtsItuNðPaBnig sm<aFTwkenHekIneLIgx<s;xøaMgb:ueNÑaH . kMedAEdlPayecjBIRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘kñúger:Gak;T½r RtÚv)an TTYleday TwkENn eFVI[TwkENnenHmansItuNðPaBnigsm<aFmYyya:gx<s; . m:asuInbUmTwkrbs; RbB½n§TwkENn )andwkCBa¢ÚnTwkENnEdlmansItuNðPaBnigsm<aFx<s;enHeTAkan;qñaMgcMhay Edl enATIenaH vaRtÚvepÞrkMedArbs;vaeTAkMedATwkrbs;RbB½n§TwkmYyeTot[BuHeTACacMhay edIm,IykeTAeRbI R)as;bgVilTYrb‘In . qñaMgcMhayEdlCakEnøgepÞrkMedAenH eKehAfa ]bkrN_epÞrkMedA(Heat

Exchanger) b¤eBlxøHeKehAfa m:asuInplitcMhay(Steam Generator) . enAkñúgRbB½n§TwkTI2 TwkRtÚv)aneFVI[zitenAkñúgsm<aFmYyTabCagRbB½n§TI1 EdlGacGnuBaØat[TwkGacBuH nigbegáItCa cMhayTwk EdleKeRbIsRmab;ykeTAbgVilTYrb‘In nigplitGKÁisnI enAdMNak;kalbnÞab;eTot . cMhayTwksm<aFx<s;Edlplitedayma:suInplitcMhay bnÞab;BI)aj;cUleTATYrb‘InbgVilTYrb‘InedIm,I plitGKÁisnIrYcehIy cMhayTwkenHRtÚv)aneFVI[RtCak;nigkøayeTACaTwkvijenAkugdg;s½r ehIybUm bBa¢ÚnRtLb;eTA]bkrN_epÞrkMedAvij EdlenATIenaHvaRtÚvkøayeTACacMhayedIm,IeRbIR)as;vij . karRKb;RKgnigbBa¢akmøaMger:Gak;T½r eFVIedaymeFüa)ayén RbB½n§dgbBa¢anuyekøEG‘(Control

Rod System). dgbBa¢anuyekøEG‘ CaFmµtaRtÚvs‘kbBa©ÚleTAkñúgcenøaHénbNþÚlnuyekøEG‘ ehIy RtÚvbBa¢aBIxagelIer:Gak;T½r . kñúger:Gak;T½rRbePTenH edaysardgbBa¢anuyekøEG‘RtÚv)anbBa¢aBIxag elIer:Gak;T½r eKerobcM[manRbB½n§emkanicsV½yRbvtþimYy EdlnwgTmøak;dgbBa¢aenHcuH enAeBldac; GKÁisnI edIm,IbBaÄb;RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘ . KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþi rbs;er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn CaFmµtakarerobcMGVImYy EtgEtmanKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþi . cMeBaHer:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn k¾ dUecñHEdrvamanKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþirbs;va .KuNsm,tþid¾FMrbs;er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENnenHKWkar karBarkarelcFøayFatuviTüúskmµ .enAkñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjeyIgeXIjfaRbsinebImankarelcFøay \n§n³ nuyekøEG‘NamYyeBlenaHkarelcFøayenHnwgzitenAEtkñúgrgVg;énvg;biTTI1b:ueNÑaH¬zitenAkñúgKRmbnuyekøEG‘¦. vtßúEdlmanFatuviTüúskmµBak;B½n§CamYy RbtikmµnuyekøEG‘KWzitenAkñúgKRmbnuyekøEG‘TaMgGs; . müa:geToter:Gak;T½reRbITwkENnGacdMeNIrkarenAkñúgsItuNðPaBnigsm<aFmYyd¾x<s;EdlGacbegáInRbsiT§PaBénm:asuInplitcMhay . KuNsm,tþimYyeTotrbs;er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn KWer:Gak;T½rRbePTenHmanesßrPaBGacTukcitþ )anCager:Gak;T½rRbePTd¾éTeTot BIeRBaHfakareFVI[TwkBuHkøayCacMhay KWmineFVIenAkñúgRbB½n§er:Gak; T½reLIy EdleFVI[dg;suIetrbs;TwkenAkñúgqñaMgnuyekøEG‘ nigenAkñúgbNþÚlnuyekøEG‘ manlkçN³efr

54

Cager:Gak;T½rRbePTdéTeTot . edaysarkarkat;bnßykarERbRbÜldg;suIetenAkñúgbNþÚlnuyekøEG‘r enH ehIy karRKb;RKgRbtikmµnuyekøEG‘enAkñúger:Gak;T½r manlkçN³RsÜlnigsamBaØCag . KuNvibtþiFMbMputrbs;er:Gak;T½rRbePTenHKW karsagsg;er:Gak;T½rRbePTenHmankarlM)ak BI eRBaHvaRtÚvkarerobcMya:gNa[)anmaMbMputTb;Tl;nwgsm<aFnigsItuNðPaBd¾x<s; eFVIya:gNaFanafa TwkminGacBuH)anenAkñúgRbB½n§er:Gak;T½renH . edaysarRtÚvkarcaM)ac;kñúgkareFVIsMNg;er:Gak;T½renH[ maMbMputenHehIy sMNg;er:Gak;T½rRbePTenHmanéføx<s;kñúgkarsagsg;va . cugeRkay enAkñúgsßan PaBxøH er:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn GacplitfamBlelOnCag RbB½n§RsÚbkMedA eFVI[mankarRbQmmux x<s;nwgkarxUcxatbMBg;\n§n³ . er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH KMnUsbMRbÜjénkareRbI er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH(Boiling Water Reactor - BWR) enAkñúgerag cRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ manbgðajCUn enAkñúgrUbTI 15 xageRkam .

dUcKñaEdr cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnIInuyekøEG‘eRbIer:Gak;T½rTwkBuH manKRmbnuyekøEG‘rmYy b¤Edl elIkenHeyIgehAfaGaKarer:Gak;T½r . enAkñúgGaKarer:Gak;T½r eKdak;qñaMger:Gak;T½r nig]bkrN_er:Gak; T½repSg²eTot . qñaMger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH manTMhMFMCagqñaMger:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn edaysarenAkñúg qñaMger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH TwkRtÚv)ankMedA[BuHenAkñúgqñaMger:Gak;T½rEtmþg ehIycMhayTwkEdl)anbegáIt eLIgkñúgqñaMgenH)aj;ecjeTATYrb‘InedaypÞal; edIm,IbgVilTYrb‘Ín nigplitGKÁisnI . dUcKñanwgeragcRk GKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayd¾éTeTotEdr cMhayTwkEdl)aj;ecjbnÞab;BI)anbgVilTYrb‘ÍnrYc RtÚv)aneFVI[

rUbTI 15> KMnUsbMRBÜjeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘eRbIer:Gak;T½rTwkBuH

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RtCak;keTATwkvijenAkñúgkugdg;s½r rYcRtÚv)anbUmeTAer:Gak;T½r edIm,IeRbIR)as;eLIgvij . KYrbBa¢ak;fa cMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenH GaKarTYrb‘InRtÚvzitenACab;KñaCamYyGaKarer:Gak;T½r ehIybBaðaEdl RtÚvykcitþTukdak;BiessenaHKW karcUleTAkñúgGaKarTYrb‘In BIeRBaHTwk nigcMhayTwk EdleRbIsRmab; TYrb‘InenH GacmanpÞúknUvsarFatuviTüúskmµ . enA)atKRmbnuyekøEG‘ eKerobcM[mancg¥ÚrCaeRcIn EdleKehAfa tUra:s; (Torus) . Rbsin ebI er:Gak;T½rmankarEbkFøayedayRbkarNamYy TwkEdlzitenAkñúger:Gak;T½rnwg)aj;ecjmkeRkA kñúg lkçN³CacMhayTwk ehIybegáItCakMeNInsm<aFmYyya:gxøaMg enAkñúgGaKarer:Gak;T½r . tUra:s; er:Gak;T½r EdleBjeTAedayTwkRtCak; nwgeFVI[cMhayTwkenaHkeTACaTwkPøam² edIm,Ibnßysm<aFenA kñúgGaKarer:Gak;T½r . RbB½n§tUra:s; ¬b¤RbB½n§cg¥ÚrTwkRtCak;¦ enAkñúgGaKarer:Gak;T½r RtÚverobcMy:agNa GacFanafa sm<aFenAkñúgKRmbnuyekøEG‘ minelIsBIkRmitEdlGacTTYlyk)aneT . dUcCaer:Gak;T½reRbITwkENnEdr enAkñúgqñaMger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH manbNþÚlnuyekøEG‘Edlkñúg enaHman\n§n³nuyekøEG‘ nigmancrnþTwkrt;kat; . RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;TwkenAkñúger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH manbMBg; Twk nigma:suInbUmTwk EdlrkSanUvcrnþTwkCab;lab;kñúger:Gak;T½r . TwkEdlRtÚv)ankMedAedayRbtikmµ nuyekøEG‘enAkñúger:Gak;T½r RtÚv)ankøayeTACacMhayrYc)aj;tRmg;eTATYrb‘ÍnedayxøÜnÉg rYcbnÞab;mk RtÚv)aneFVI[RtCak;keTACaTwkvijenAbnÞb;kugdg;s½rehIyRtÚvbUmedayma:suInbUmTwkbBa¢ÚneTAqñaMger: Gak;T½rvij . er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuHeRbIRbB½n§RsÚbkMedAykeTAeRbIR)as;EtmYyvg;b:ueNÑaHTaMgTwknigTaMg cMhayTwk KWmanenAkñúger:Gak;T½rEtmþg dUecñHehIyeTIbeyIgehAer:Gak;T½rRbePTenHfaCa er:Gak;T½r eRbITwkBuH . GnuPaBer:Gak;T½nuyekøEG‘ cab;epþImBIdMbUgeTAdl; 70° RtÚv)anRKb;RKgedaykarbBa©Úl dgbBa¢aer:Gak;T½r eTAkñúg bNþÚler:Gak;T½r . cab;BI 70° eTAdl; 100° énGnuPaBer:Gak;T½r RtÚv )anRKb;RKgeday brimaNéncrnþTwkEdlRtÚvqøgkat;bNþÚler:Gak;T½r . enAeBlEdlcrnþTwkbUmbBa¢Ún kan;EteRcInqøgkat;bNþÚler:Gak;T½r eBlenaHcMhayTwkk¾kan;EteRcIn eFVI[kmøaMgbgVilk¾kan;EtxøaMg rYcGnuPaBbeBa©jk¾kan;EtxøaMgEdr . enAkñúger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuHCaFmµta dgbBa¢aer:Gak;T½r s‘kBIxag )aténqñaMger:Gak;T½r . enAEpñkxagelIénqñaMger:Gak;T½r eKTuk[mankEnøgsRmab;EckKña[dac;rvagTwk nigcMhayTwk . KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþi rbs;er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH KuNsm,tþid¾FMrbs;er:Gak:T½reRbITwkBuHKWRbsiT§PaBénkareRbIkMedAsrub eRcInCager:Gak;T½reRbI TwkENn BIeRBaHfaenAkñúger:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuHeKmincaM)ac;manm:asuInplitcMhay b¤]bkrN_epÞrkMedA bEnßmeToteLIy . karRKb;RKger:Gak;T½rmanPaBgayRsÜlCager:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn BIeRBaHvaeFVI

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edaykarRKb;RKgcrnþTwkEdlRtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAbNþÚler:Gak;T½r mann½yfabBa¢ÚnTwkkan;EtxøaMg GnuPaB plitk¾kan;EtxøaMgEdr . edaysarqñaMger:Gak;T½rTwkBuH manTMhMFM dUecñHGRtargnUvviTüúskmµkñúg1Ékta épÞRkLaticCag ehIyenHk¾cat;TukCaKuNsm,tþimYyEdr BIeRBaHfa karb:HnwgkaMrsµIviTüúskmµeRcInva GaceFVI[EdkeTACapuyRsÜy . KuNvibtþiEdlFMCageKrbs;er:Gak;T½reRbITwkBuH KWkarerobcMsagsg;manlkçN³sµúRKsµajCag edaysarvaRtÚvmanqñaMgEdlGacTb;nwgsm<aF)ankñúgTMhMFMCager:Gak;T½reRbITwkENn . qñaMgrgsm<aF FMenH k¾eFVI[témøénkarsagsg;eRcInEdr . cugeRkay karerobcMrebobenH GacGnuBaØat[FatuviTüú skmµmYycMnYntUc qøgcUleTARbB½n§TYrb‘In . karPayviTüúskmµtictYcenAkñúgRbB½n§TYrb‘ÍnenH tRmÚv[ GñkeFVIkarenAkEnøgTYrb‘ÍnRtÚvesøókBak;semøókbMBak;karBarsmRsb nigRtÚveRbI]bkrN_RtwmRtÚv . bBaðabrisßanTak;TgCamYyeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ KuNsm,tþiCaviC¢mand¾FMrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ KWeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ BuMmanPay ]sµ½nNamYyecjeT eragcRkenHBuMmanbMBg;EpSgeT . sBVéf¶kgVl;d¾FMrbs;Gñkbrisßan KWkareLIg kMedArbs;BiPBelak EdlekIteLIgedaysarkarPay]sµ½nkabUnic b¤kae)anDIGuksuIt eTAkñúgbriya kas b:uEnþcMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ BuMmankarbMPay]sµ½nNamYyeTAkñúgbrimakaseLIy dUecñH eTIberagcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘ køayeTACadMeNaHRsaymYyya:gl¥sRmab;bnßykarekInkMedAenAelI EpndIeyIgenH . kgVl;EdlTak;TgnwgeragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘KWbBaðasuvtßiPaB EdlGacekIteLIg edaysareRKaHfñak;pÞúHFøayer:Gak;T½rnuyekøEG‘ b:uEnþsBVéf¶enH bec©kviTüakan;EteCOnelOn eFVI[eKGac CMnH)annUv]bsKÁTaMgLayEdlman nigeFVI[kardMeNIrkarrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘mansuvtßi PaBx<s;CagmuneRcIn EdleKGacTukcitþ)anelIbBaðasuvtßiPaBrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnInuyekøEG‘enH .

2-3 eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIkñúgdI eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIkñúgdI(Geothermal Power Plants) KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnI EdleRbITwkekþA b¤cMhayTwk EdlmanenAeRkamdI edIm,IplitfamBlGKÁisnI . enAkñúgFmµCati enA kEnøgxøHsMbkEpndImankRmas;esþIg eFVI[sñÚlEpndIEdlmankMedAxøaMgb:HnwgRsTab;TwkenAkñúg RsTab;sMbkEpndI begáItCaTwkekþA nigcMhayTwk enAkñúgRsTab;dI EdleBlxøHk¾FøayecjmkeRkA [eyIgeXIjpgEdr dUcCaenAtMbn;TwkBuH enAkñúgextþkMBg;s<WénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . edIm,IbegáIt CaeragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIkñúgdITwkekþAb¤cMhayTwk RtÚv)aneKbUmBIeRkamdImkxagelI mkkan; kEnøgepÞrkMedA(Heat Exchanger) EdlenATIenaH kMedARtÚv)aneKeRbIedIm,Iplit cMhayTwks¥atenAkñúgRbB½n§TI2 edIm,IeRbIR)as;CamYyTYrb‘Ín . eyIgehAfa cMhayTwks¥at

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BIeRBaHvaxusBI Twkb¤cMhayecjBIeRkamdIEdlenAkñúgenaHmankkrnigCatiEr:epSg²EdlGaceFVIeGaybMBg;kksÞH)anedaELkenAkñúgRbB½n§TI2cMhayRtÚv)anbegáIteLIgBITwks¥atKµankkrnigKµanCatiEr:EdlGaceFVI[b:HBal;dl;bMBg;nig]bkrN_epSg²eTdUecñHeyIgGackat;bnßykarEfTaMnigCYsCul)an.cMhayTwks¥atRtÚv)anbMEbøgCaGKÁisnI tamrebobmYydUceragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhayeRbI\n§n³hVÚsuIlEdr . famBlecjBIkMedAenAeRkamdI RtÚv)ancat;TukfaCaRbPBfamBlkekIteLIgvijd¾l¥mYy b:uEnþ eK)armÖfa GnaKteTAmux lT§PaBénRbPBkMedAeRkamdIsRmab;begáItCaeragcRkGKÁisnI RtÚvfycuH CabnþbnÞab;bnþicmþg² . rUbPaBnigKMnUsbMRBÜjéneragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIeRkamdI manbgðaj kñúgrUbTI 16 nig 17 xageRkam .

rUbTI 16> rUbPaBéneragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIeRkamdImYykEnøg rUbTI 17> KMnUsbMRBÜjéneragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedAecjBIeRkamdI

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rUbTI 18> rUbPaB nigKMnUsbMRBÜj éneragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIBnøWRBHGaTitü

2-4 eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhayeeRbIcMNaMgpøaténBnøWRBHGaTitü

eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhayeRbIcMNaMgpøaténBnøWRBHGaTitü b¤eyIgehAxøIfa eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedABnøWRBHGaTitü(Solar Reflective Power Plants) KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnImYy EdleRbIkBa©k;CaeRcInedIm,IbEgVrfamBlénBnøWRBHGaTitüeTAcaMgpþúMKña enAkEnøgTTYlmYyedIm,IykfamBlenHeTA kMedAsa FaturavmYybegáItCacMhayEdlmansm<aFx<s;ykeTAbgVilTYrb‘Ín begáItCafamBlGKÁisnI . eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkMedABIBnøWRBHGaTitüenHKWCaeragcRk GKÁisnImYyEdlmanlkçN³ brisßanl¥edayvaBuMmanbgánUvplb:HBal;GaRkk;NamYyeLIy. erag cRkGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhayEdleRbIcMNaMgpøaténBnøWRBHGaTitüenH RtÚvkarTIFøamYyya:gFMedIm,ItemøIgkBa©k;TTYlBnøWRBHGaTitü nigRtÚvzitenAelITItaMgmYyEdlmanGMeNayplGacTTYlBnøWRBHGaTitüCaGtibrimaedIm,IbegáInRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarplitGKÁisnI . kñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenH famBlBnøWRBHGaTitüRtÚvTTYledaykBa©k;CaeRcIn EdleK temøIgelITIFøamYyya:gFM ehIykBa©k;TaMgenHRtÚvbEgVrfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitüTaMgenH bBa©aMgeTAkEnøg TTYlénRbB½n§qñaMgcMhaymYyEdlzitenAcMkNþalTIFøa . kBa©k;TTYlBnøWRBHGaTitüTaMgenHmanrag Ca)a:ra:bUl ¬ekag¦edIm,IbRgÜmfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitüEdlTTYl)an[RbmUlpþúMcUlKña RsÜlbBa©aMg

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bBa¢ÚneTAkEnøgTTYl . kBa©k;TTYlBnøWRBHGaTitünImYy² bMBak;eTAedaym:UT½rEdlGacbgVilkBa©k;enH tRmg;BnøW[bBa©aMgcMkEnøgEdlRtÚvTTYlBnøWenH . qñaMgcMhayrbs;eragcRkRbePTenH RtÚv)aneKerob cMenAkNþalTIFøaTTYlBnøW nigtemøIgelITRmmYyx<s;putBIdI edIm,IsRmÜldl;karbBa©aMgBnøWrbs;kBa©k; . enAelIqñaMgcMhayeKerobcMkEnøgTTYlBnøWmYy EdlenAkñúgenaHeKteRmóbbMBg;TTYlBnøWCaeRcIn edIm,I TTYlBnøWEdlkBa©k;CaeRcInbBa©aMgmk . kñúgbMBg;TTYlBnøW eKpÞúksaFaturavepÞrkMedA EdleKeRbI sRmab;RsÚbykkMedABIBnøW nigepÞrkMedAenHeTA[qñaMgcMhay enAkñúgRbB½n§bMBg;cMhay-qñaMgcMhay-TYrb‘Ín . bMBg;TTYlBnøWenHmanlT§PaBRsÚbykfamBlénBnøWRBHGaTitü EdlRtÚv)anbRgÜmnigbBa©aMg mkcM BI 30 eTAdl; 100 dg x<s;CagfamBlFmµtarbs;BnøWRBHGaTitü . saFaturavenAkñúgbMBg; TTYlBnøWGacRsÚbykkMedAnigekInsItuNðPaBrhUtdl;sItuNðPaBdMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘Ín EdlzitenA kñúgkRmitCag 400 dWeRkes edaykøayeTACacMhayEdlmansm<aFx<s; . cMhayEdlmansm<aF x<s;ekIteLIgBIkarkMedAsaFaturavenH RtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;sRmab;bgVilTYrb‘Ín bnÞab;mkeFVIclnaeTA bnÞb;kugdg;s½r EdlenATIenaHcMhayenHRtÚv)aneFVI[RtCak;keTACavtßúravvij nigRtÚvbUmeTAkMedA edayBnøWRBHGaTitümþgeTot enAqñaMgcMhay .

3- eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI(Hydroelectric Power Plants) KWCaeragcRkEdlplitGKÁisnI ecj BIfamBlb:Utg;Esülrbs;Twk . famBlb:Utg;Esülrbs;Twk KWCafamBlmYyEdlekIteLIgBIlMhUr TwkBITIx<s;cuHmkTIeRkam . TwkEdleKsþúkTukedayTMnb;enATIx<s; ehIydak;bMBg;bgðÚrcuHmkeRkam nig TwkEdlkMBughUrCaFmµta enAkñúgTenø sÞwg eRCaHPñM suT§EtmanfamBlb:Utg;Esül EdlGaceRbIR)as; bgVilTYrb‘ÍnvarI edIm,IplitGKÁisnI)an . CaFmµtaeragcRkvarIGKÁisnI CaeragcRkmYymanRbsiT§PaB famBlx<s; mantémøGKÁisnIsmlµm nigmanlkçN³brisßanGaceFVIkarsRmbsRmÜl)an . plitpl énvarIGKÁisnI RtÚv)ancat;TukfaCaRbPBfamBlkekIteLIgvij BIeRBaHdMeNIrénkarbegáItRbPBTwk nig begáItGKÁisnI KWCadMeNIrvg;mYy (Cycle) EdlnwgekItmanCabnþbnÞab;\tQb;Qr ¬vg;énkarbegáIt RbPBTwknigkareRbIR)as;Twk³TwkePøógFøak;cuHkñúgGagsþúkelIPñM==>bgðÚrcuHeRkambegáItGKÁisnI==>Føak;cuHeTAkñúgbwgb¤smuRT==>RtÚvkMedAhYteTACaBBk ==> RtÚvRtCak;kCaTwkePøógvij>>>>>> ¦ . skþanuBlRbPBvarIGKÁisnIenAtMbn;NamYy CaFmµtaGaRs½yeTAnwglkçN³sm,tþiFmµCatiKnøwH 2rbs;tMbn;enaHpÞal;KW TI1-RbPBTwkEdlGacCaRbPBTwkePøógrbs;tMbn;enaHpÞal; b¤GacCalMhUrTwkmkBIRbPBTwktMbn;epSgeTot TI2-sNæandI

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EdlGMeNayplsRmab;begáItCaGagTwkb¤CalMhUrTwkBITIx<s;mkTITabedIm,IerobcMbegáItCasßanIy varIGKÁisnI . RbsinebIeRbóbeFobCamYyTYrb‘ÍncMhay TYrb‘ÍnvarIGKÁisnIvilyWtCag BIeRBaHlMhUrTwkCaFmµta mancrnþyWtCagcrnþénlMhUrcMhay.dUecñHehIyeTIbb:Ulm:aej:Ticénr:UT½rrbs;m:asuInplitGKÁisnI EdlRtÚveRbIR)as;CamYyTYrb‘ÍnvarIGKÁisnIRtÚvmancMnYneRcInedIm,IGaceRbICamYyrgVilmYyEdlyWtCag rbs;TYrb‘ÍnvarIGKÁisnI b:uEnþrkSaeRhVkg;GKÁisnI[enAdEdl . eragcRkvarIGKÁisnImancMNucviC¢manCaeRcIn.eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIGacbeBaäH(Start)m:asuIn kñúgry³eBlmYyya:gqab; nigGacTTYlnUvbnÞúkGKÁisnIrhUtdl;GnuPaBGtibrmarbs;vakñúgry³eBl b:unµannaTIb:ueNÑaH.PaKeRcInkarbeBaäHm:asuInvarIGKÁisnIGacmincaM)ac;RtÚvkar GKÁisnIsRmab;beBaäH (Start-upPower)eTehIyebIm:asuInvarIGKÁisnIxøHRtÚvkarGKÁisnIsRmab;beBaäHvak¾vaRtÚvkarkñúgGnu PaBmYytictYcb:ueNÑaH.dUecñHeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIswgEtTaMgGs;KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnIGac beBaäHedayxøÜnÉg(Black Start Power Plants) .eragcRkGKÁisnIGacbeBaäHedayxøÜnÉg KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnImYyEdlminRtÚvkarfamBlGKÁisnIdMbUgBIxageRkAedIm,IbeBaäHm:asuInrbs;xøÜn[ dMeNIrkareTKWma:suInTaMgenaHGacbeBaäHdMeNIrkaredayxøÜnÉg.karbeBaäHm:asuInrebobenH eyIgehAfa beBaäHedayxøÜnÉg(Black Start) . eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI CaFmµtamanCIvitdMeNIrkarEvg BI50eTA60qñaMCaTUeTA.eyIgeXIjfaeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIxøHEdlkMBugdMeNIrkarsBVéf¶enAkñúgBiPB elak manGayuCag100qñaMrYceTAehIy ehIykMBugEtdMeNIrkarCaFmµta .

3-1 eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwk

rUbTI 19> rUbPaBéneragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwkmYy rUbTI 20> KMnUsbMRBÜjéneragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwk

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enAkñúgKMnUsbMRBÜjéneragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwkkñúgrUbTI 20> xagelI eyIgeXIjfa cMeBaHeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwk RbPBTwkGacCaTwkePøóg b¤k¾CaTwkEdlhUrmkBItMbn;xag elIeTot RtÚv)anTb;sþúkTukkñúg GagsþúkTwk(Reservoir) edaysar TMnb;(Dam) . TwkEdlRtÚv )ansþúkTukkñúgGagenH zitenATIx<s; EdleKGacTmøak;vacuHmkeRkamtam bMBg;bgðÚr(Penstock) . TwkEdlbgðÚrcuHeRkamRtÚvecjtam RckbgðÚrTwk(Intake) edIm,ITmøak;cuHtambMBg;bgðÚr nigrt;kat; TYrb‘InvarIGKÁisnI(Hydro Turbine) edIm,IbgVilTYrb‘InvarIGKÁisnI . enARckbgðÚr man]bkrN_ 2 sMxan; KW 1-sMNaj;RtgkMeTckMTIepSg²EdlGacmankñúgTwkkuM[vart;cUleTATYrb‘Ín nigTI2-TVarTwk sRmab;biTnigebIkTwkbgðÚrcUleTAkñúgbMBg;bgðÚr . r:UT½r TYrb‘InvarIGKÁisnI mansøabCaeRcInsRmab;TTYl kmøaMgbukrbs;Twk edIm,IbegáIteTACakmøaMgbgVilmYy bgVil dgbgVilTYrb‘Ín(Turbine Shaft) . bnÞab;BIbgVilTYrb‘InrYc kmøaMgbukrbs;TwkfycuH rYchUrcuHeTAsÞwg b¤Tenø EdlenACitenH . kmøaMg bgVilrbs;TYrb‘InvarIGKÁisnI bnþeTAbgVilr:UT½rm:asuInplitGKÁisnI EdleKdak;enABIelITYrb‘Ín edIm,Iplit GKÁisnI ehIyGKÁisnIenHRtÚv)anbMEbøgeTACaGKÁisnItg;süúgx<s; sRmab;bBa¢ÚneTAkEnøgbnÞúkeRbIR)as; Edlmancm¶ayq¶ay .

3-2 eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbIlMhUrrbs;TenøpÞal; eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbIlMhUrrbs;TenøpÞal; (Run off River Hydro Power Plants) man lkçN³dMeNIrkardUcKñanwgeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwkEdr . GVIEdlxusKñarvageragcRkvarI GKÁisnIeRbITMnb;sþúkTwk nigeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbIlMhUrrbs;TenøpÞal; KWkm<s;b:Utg;EsülTwk rbs;eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbIlMhUrrbs;TenøpÞal;mankm<s;TabBIeRBaHcMeBaHeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenH

rUbTI 21> TYrb‘Ín nigm:asuInplitGKÁisnI rbs;eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI

rUbTI 22> rUbPaBénm:asuInplitGKÁisnIrbs;eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI

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eKRKan;EterobcMCar)aMgmYyEpñkénTenøedIm,IbBa©al;TwkhUrrbs;Tenø[eLIgkMBs;bnþicedIm,IykkmøaMg TwkhUreTAbgVilTYrb‘ÍnvarIGKÁisnIb:ueNÑaH.edaysarkm<s;b:Utg;EsülTwkticeragcRkvarIGKÁisnI eRbIlMhUrpÞal;rbs;TenøRtÚvkarFarTwkEdlhUreRcIndUecñHehIyeTIberagcRkvarIGKÁisnIRbePTenH eRcIneFVIenAelITenøFM²EdlmanFarTwkeRcIn . cMNucviC¢manbEnßmrbs;eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIRbePTenH KWkarrkSaTuklMhUrrbs;TenømYyEpñk[enAhUrtamFmµCatidEdl edIm,IrkSaeGkULÚsuIrbs;TenøenAdEdl . 3-3 eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITwkbUmTuk karerobcM[man eragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITwkbUmTuk(Pump Storage Hydro Power

Plants) KWCameFüa)aymYyEdlGacsnSMGKÁisnITuk sRmab;kareRbIR)as;enAeBlbnÞab;eTot . erag cRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITwkbUmTukRtÚvmanGagTwk 2KWTI1-GagTwkxagelI nigTI2-GagTwkxageRkam . GKÁisnIRtÚv)anplitedaykarbgðÚrTwkBIGagTwkxagelI cuHmkGagTwkxageRkam enAeBlRbB½n§GKÁisnI manbnÞúkGtibrma. enAeBlRbB½n§GKÁisnImanbnÞúkGb,brma EdleBlenaHGKÁisnImanéføefak eKeRbI GKÁisnIEdlmanéføefakenHbUmTwkBIGagTwkxageRkam eTAsþúkTukenAGagTwkxagelI . CaFmµta Rkúm h‘unplitGKÁisnIGacTTYl)anéføGKÁisnIéføenAkñúgry³eBlEdlRbB½n§manbnÞúkGtibrma ehIybg;éfø GKÁisnIefakenAkñúgry³eBlEdlRbB½n§manbnÞúkGb,rma sRmab;eRbIbUmTwkeLIgeTAelI . CaFmµta ma:suInGKÁisnIEdleRbIkñúgeragcRkenH RtÚvmanlT§PaB2TI1-lT§PaBdMeNIrkarCam:asuInplitGKÁisnIsRmab;eragcRkvarIGKÁisnI nigTI2-lT§PaBdMeNIrkarCam:asuInbUmTwk . bBaðamYyEdleKCYbRbTHkñúgkardMeNIrkareragcRkvarIGKÁisnIeRbITwkbUmTuk KWkareFVIya:gNa beBaäHm:asuInbUmTwk[dMeNIrkar . karbeBaäHm:UT½rbUmTwk edayeRbIR)as;ExSbNþajGKÁisnIBIRbB½n§ GKÁisnI GaceFVI[RbB½n§GKÁisnIEdlpÁt;pÁg;Føak;tg;süúgxøaMg bNþal[KuNPaBGKÁisnIRtÚvFøak;cuH . kñúgkrNIxøH eKeRbITYrb‘IncMnYn 2 enAkñúgeragcRkvarIGKÁisnIRbePTenH TYrb‘InTI1 eKeRbICam:asuInplit GKÁisnIedIm,ICYybeBaäHbeBa©jGKÁisnIeTA[TYrb‘ÍnmYyeTot EdleRbICam:UT½rbUmTwk . enAeBlEdl TYrb‘InTI1dMeNIrkarbeBa©jGKÁisnICYypgenaH eBlenaHkarbeBaäHTYrb‘ÍnTI 2 EdledIrtYCam:UT½rbUmTwk eLIgelI mineFVI[b:HBal;xøaMgelIRbB½n§GKÁisnIeT . enAeBlEdlm:UT½rbUmTwkbeBaäHrYcehIy nig dMeNIrkarCaFmµtaehIy eBlenaHTYrb‘InTI1GacbBaÄb;dMeNIrkar)an .

4- eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehH ¬b¤TYrb‘In]sµ½n¦

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rUbTI 23> rUbPaBeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehHmYykEnøg

eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehH(CombustionTurbinePowerPlants)b¤eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘In]sµ½n(GasTurbinePowerPlants)

KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnImYyEdldutbeBaäH\n§n³enAkñúgm:asuInRbtikmµ(JetEngine)begáItCa]sµ½nEdlmansm<aFxøaMg)aj;ecjBIcMehHenHedIm,IbgVilTYrb‘In.

dMeNIrkarrbs;eragcRkenH

KWdMbUgbMputxül;RtÚv)anbMENnya:gxøaMg[eTACaxül;ENnEdlmansm<aFx<s;bnÞab;mk\n§n³RtÚveK)aj;cUleTAkñúgxül;ENnenHrYcRtÚveqHeLIgbegáItCa]sµ½nEdlmansm<aFnigsItuNðPaBx<s;xøaMg. edaysarsm<aFx<s;xøaMg]sµ½nekItBIcMehHenH)an)aj;qøgkat;søabTYrb‘IndUcCakñúgkrNIcMhayTwkrt;kat;Tyrb‘IncMhayenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayEdreFVI[ekItCakmøaMgbgVilmYyd¾xøaMgbgVildgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘InehIydgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘InP¢ab;eTAbgVilm:asuInplitGKÁisnIedIm,IplitfamBlGKÁisnI.]sµ½nEdlecjBITYrb‘IIn]sµ½nenHeRkayBIbgVilTYrb‘InrYcCaFmµtaenAmansItuNðPaBnigsm<aFx<s;enAeLIy . cMNucviC¢manmYysMxan;énTYrb‘IncMehHKWTYrb‘InenHGacRtÚv)anerobcM[mankarbBa¢aBIcm¶ay edaymincaM)ac;RtÚvkarmnusSenAEk,r)an.ma:suInenHGacbeBaäH)any:agelOncMENkkarsagsg; temøIgeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenHKWelOnbMput.enAkñúgkrNIxøHGñkEdlRtÚvkareragcRkGKÁisnIRbePT enHGaceFVIkarTijeragcRkTaMgmUltamrebobem:AkarEtmþg(Turnkey)mann½yfam©as;erag cRkRKan; EteFVIkic©snüaCamYyGñklk;elIsMPar³nigkartemøIgTaMgmUlnigeFVIkarTTYleragcRkenHenAeBlEdleragcRkRtÚv)antemøIgrYcnigdak;[dMeNIrkar)an.PaKeRcInma:suInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehHenHeKerobcMtemøIgCakBa©b;enAkñúgkugTWn½rFMmYyEtmþg.ma:suInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehH

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EdlmanTMhMtUc²xøHeKerobcMelIreTHdwkmYyEdlGaccl½t)anrh½seTAkEnøgEdlRtÚvkarGKÁisnIbnÞan;xøaMg . eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehHGacERbRbÜlkarplitrbs;xøÜneTAtamkarERbRbÜlrbs;RbB½n§ GKÁisnI)an.eragcRkenHGacdMeNIrkarcab;BIbnÞúksUnürhUtdl;bnÞúkeBjnigbRBa©as;mkvijkñúg ry³eBlEtb:unµannaTIb:ueNÑaH . cMNucGviC¢manrbs;eragcRkRbePTenHKW\n§n³EdlGaceRbIR)as;)anrbs;eragcRkRbePTenH mankRmitRBMEdn ]TahrN_ eRbgedüEsl eRbgsaMg eRbgynþehaHb¤]sµ½nFmµCatib:ueNÑaHehIy RbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;kMedAEdl)anmkBIkardut\nÞn³mankMritTab . cMNucGviC¢manmYyeTotrbs;eragcRkRbePTenHKWbBaðabrisßan Bak;B½n§CamYyEpSgEdlPay ecjBITYrb‘In . enAkñúgEpSgEdlPayecjrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenHeTAkñúgbriyakas manlay LMeTAeday]sµ½nBulxøH . sItuNðPaBx<s;xøaMgenAkñúgbnÞb;cMehH nwgeFVI[ekItman]sµ½n nIRTicGuksuIt EdlecjeTACamYyEpSg PaycUleTAkñúgbriyakas . GaRs½yeTAtamRbePT\n§n³EdleRbIR)as; GacnwgmanbrimaNEpSgeRcInb¤tic ]TahrN_kareRbI]sµ½nFmµCatimanEpSgticCagkareRbIeRbgedü Esl . edayTYrb‘IncMehHKWCam:asuInRbtikmµ dUcKñanwgm:asuInynþehaHRbtikmµEdr dUecñH kRmitsemøg enACuMvijTYrb‘IncMehHk¾mankRmitx<s;Edr EdlTamTar[RtÚvmanviFankarN_karBarsemøgsRmab;Gñk eFVIkarCamYyTYrb‘IncMehHenH . GRtaRbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;kMedA cMeBaHTYrb‘IncMehH mankRmitTab KWRbEhlBI 20° eTA 40° Gtibrimab:ueNÑaH . edIm,IbegáInRbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;TYrb‘IncMehHenH CaFmµtakMedAén]sµ½nEdlPayecjBI TYrb‘IncMehHenH eKcat;EcgykeTAeRbImþgeTot edayykeTAkMedAbegáItcMhayTwkedIm,IbgVilTYrb‘In cMhaymYyeTot EdleKehAfa eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkarpÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhay .

5- eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhay eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhay(Combined-Cycle Power Plants) man meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnI2dak;pÁúMcUlKña ³ m:asuInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehH nigm:asuInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘In cMhay.ma:suInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMehHmanTYrb‘IncMehHEdleRbIR)as;kardut\n§n³enAkñúgm:asuInRbtikmµ(JetEngine)begáItCaxül;]sµ½nEdlmansm<aFnigsItuNÐPaBx<s;xøaMg)aj;tRmg;eTAsøabTYrb‘In edIm,IbgVildgbgVilrbs;TYrb‘InehIydgbgVilenHtP¢ab;eTAbgVilr:UT½rm:asuInplitGKÁisnIedIm,IbegáItCafamBlGKÁisnI.]sµ½nekþAEdleRbIrYcehIyPayecjBITYrb‘IncMehHenHeKerobcMeRbIvamþgeTotedayda

65

rUbTI 25> eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKña-EpñkTI1m:asuInTYrb‘IncMehH rUbTI 26> eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKña-EpñkTI2m:asuInTYrb‘IncMhay

k;bMBg;[vart;cUleTA m:asuInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhayeRbIR)as;kMedAsl; (Heat Recovery

Steam Generator) edIm,IkMedATwkbegáItCacMhay.cMhayEdl)anekIteLIg edaysarkarkMedAenH nwgeTAbgVilTYrb‘IncMhayénm:asuInplitGKÁisnITI2bnþeTot.PaKeRcInTYrb‘IncMehHéneragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenH eRcIneRbI]sµ½nFmµCati Ca\n§n³ . cMNucviC¢manrbs;RbB½n§pÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhayenHKWfamBlGKÁisnIbEnßmEdlplitecjBIsMNl;kMedAEdlPayecjBIm:asuInTYrb‘IncMehHeFVI[RbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;kMedAsrubrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIekIneLIgeRcIn.cMNucviC¢manTI2rbs;eragcRkRbePTenHKWcMhayTwkEdlbegáIteLIgBIkMedAsl;rbs;TYrb‘IncMehHk¾GacykeTAeRbIR)as;sRmab;muxgarepSgeTotEdrdUcCakMedAGaKar¬sRmab;bNþaRbeTs

EdlmanrdUvRtCak;¦kMedATwksRmab;eRbIR)as; nigcMhayTwksRmab;eragcRk

rUbTI 24> eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKña-rUbPaBBIeRkA

]sSahkmµRbePTxøHEdlRtÚvkareRbIcMhayTwkkñúgkarplit dUcCaeragcRkeFVIRkdas; eragcRksuIm:g;t_ eragcRkplitTwkkk .l. dUecñH kardut\n§n³EtmYydgenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKñaenH eFVI[eyIgGac TTYl)annUvesvafamBleRcInRbePT ]TahrN_ famBlGKÁisnI cMhayTwksRmab;]sSahkmµd¾éT TwkekþA kMedAGaKar CaedIm . eBlxøH eragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKñaGacpþl;nUvRbsiT§PaBeRbIR)as;kMedArhUt dl;eTA 90° . rUbPaBCa]TahrN_éneragcRkGKÁisnIpÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhay manbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI 24 / 25 nig 26 xageRkam .

66

rUbTI 27> rUbPaBénm:asuInedüEslmYy

6- eragcRkGKÁisnIm:asuIncMehHkñúg eragcRkGKÁisnIm:asuIncMehHkñúg(Internal Combustion Power Plants)b¤ eragcRkGKÁisnIm:asuInedüEsl(Diesel Engine Power Plants) KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnImYyEdleRbI m:asuIncMehHkñúg(InternalCombustionEngine)b¤EdleKniymehAmüa:gfam:asuInedüEsl(Dies

elEngine)edIm,IbgVilm:asuInplitGKÁisnIbegáItCafamBlGKÁisnI.rUbPaBénm:asuIncMehHkñúgb¤ m:asuInedüEslmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 27 xageRkam . RbB½n§dMeNIrkarrbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúgmanlkçN³xusBIRbB½n§dMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘IncMehHRtg; kardut\n§n³énm:asuIncMehHkñúgKWRtÚveFVIenAkñúgbnÞb;mYyEdlehAfabnÞb;cMehH(Combustion

Chamber).bnÞb;cMehHrbs;m:asuInedüEslmanragCasuILaMgdUecñHeTIbeBlxøHeKehAbnÞb;cMehHenHfa suILaMgcMehH(Combustion Cylinder) .

enAkñúgsuILaMgcMehHman

BIsþúg(Piston)EdlGacrt;cuHeLIg)antamKnøgrbs;suILaMg.eKalkarN_énkardMeNIrkarrbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúgb¤m:asuInedüEslKW dMbUgbMputxül;RtÚv)anbUmbBa©ÚleTAkñúgsuILaMgcMehHrYcbMENnva[ENn bnÞab;mk\n§n³RtÚveK)aj;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbnÞb;cMehHEdlmanxül;kMBugENnxøaMgenaHnigdutbeBaäHvaeLIgeFVI[sItuNðPaBnigsm<aFenAkñúgbnÞb;cMehHekIneLIgxøaMgbegáItCakmøaMgrujd¾xøaMgrujBIsþúg [eFVIclna.bnÞab;BIrujBIsþúgdl;cugsuILaMgehIysm<aFkñúgsuILaMgenHRtÚv)anRBElgecaleTAkñúgb riyakaskñúgrUbPaBCaEpSgehIykñúgbnÞb;cMehHcab;epþImbUmbBa©Úlxül;bMENnxül;bBa©Úl\n§n³ nigdut\n§n³begáInsm<aFrujBIsþúgmþgeTotCabnþbnÞab;.enAkñúgm:asuInedüEslclnaeLIgcuHrbs; BIsþúgRtÚv)anbMEbøg[eTACaclnaviledaysardgBIsþúgnigdgrév(Crankshaft)edIm,IbgVilr:UT½rrbs;m:asuIn.rcnasm<½n§sMxan;²énm:asuIncMehHkñúgb¤m:asuInedüEsl manbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 28 xageRkam .

67

rUbTI 28> rcnasm<½n§sMxan;²rbs;m:asuInedüEsl

eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEsl manEpñksMxan;²dUcxageRkam ³ 1-ma:suInedüEsl 2-RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;eRbg\n§n³ 3-RbB½n§eRbgrMGil 4-RbB½n§beBa©jEpSg 5-RbB½n§bBa©Úlxül; 6-RbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;m:asuIn

rcnasm<½n§sMxan;²rbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEsl manbgðajkñúgrUbTI 29 xageRkam .

tYm:asuIn suILaMgcMehH

BIsþúg

RTnab;suILaMgcMehH dgBIsþúg dgrév

r:UT½rm:asuIn

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rUbTI 29> rcnasm<½n§sMxan;²rbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEsl

CaFmµtaeragcRkGKÁisnIedüEslGaceRbIRbePT\n§n³ dUcCa eRbgedüEsl eRbgexµA ]sµ½n b¤ eBlxøHeRbIeRbgpgnig]sµ½npg . eragcRkRbePTenHmanRbsiT§PaBeRbIR)as;kMedAx<s;CageragcRk TYrb‘In]sµ½n KWkñúgkRmit BI 35° eTA 40° b:uEnþTabCageragcRkpÁúMKñarvagcMehHnigcMhay . cMNucviC¢manrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEsl KWeragcRkenHGacbeBaäH)any:agelOn nigGac beBaäH)anedayBuM)ac;RtÚvkarRbPBGKÁisnIBIxageRkA cMENkkarsagsg; temøIgeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePT enH k¾elOnEdr . cMeBaHesckþIRtÚvkarGnuPaBtUclµm eKGacerobcMma:suInplitGKÁisnIedüEsl Ca kBa©b;enAkñúgkugtWn½rmYyEtmþg EdleKGacelIkykeTAdak;enAkEnøgRtÚvkarGKÁisnIsRmab;eFVIkarplit Pøam²Etmþg dUcmanbgðajCa]TahrN_kñúgrUbTI 30 xageRkam .

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rUbTI 30> m:asuInplitGKÁisnIedüEslerobCakBa©b;kñúgkugtWn½rmYy

cMNucviC¢manmYyeTotrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEsl KWeragcRkenHGacERbRbÜlkarplitrbs;xøÜneTAtamkarERbRbÜlrbs;RbB½n§GKÁisnI)an . eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEslGacdMeNIrkarcab;BIbnÞúksUnürhUtdl;bnÞúkeBjnigbRBa©as;mkvij kñúgry³eBlEtb:unµannaTIb:ueNÑaH . cMNucGviC¢manrbs;eragcRkGKÁisnIedüEslKW\n§n³EdlGaceRbIR)as;)ansRmab;eragcRk RbePTenH mankRmitRBMEdn KW eRbgedüEsl eRbgsaMg eRbgexµA b¤]sµ½nFmµCati b:ueNÑaH ehIy bc©úb,nñ\n§n³TaMgenHmanéføx<s; . eRkABIenaHeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenH k¾mancMNucGviC¢manGMBI bBaðabrisßanBak;B½n§CamYyEpSgEdlPayecjBIm:asuInEdr.enAkñúgEpSgEdlPayecjeGaRs½yeTAtam RbePT\n§n³EdleRbIR)as; GacnwgmanbrimaNEpSgeRcInb¤tic ]TahrN_kareRbI]sµ½nFmµCatiman EpSgticCageK bnÞab;mkkareRbIeRbgedüEslmanEpSgticCagkareRbIeRbgexµA .

7- eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül; eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIkmøaMgxül;bk;edIm,IbgVilsøabTYrb‘InplitGKÁisnI ehAfaeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;(Wind Turbine Power Plants) ehIyTYrb‘InEdleKeRbIenH ehAfaTYrb‘Inxül;(WindTurbine).CaFmµtaeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;mYyKWCakarpÁúMKñarvagm:asuInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;(WindTurbineGenerator)CaeRcInbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,ITTYl)annUvGnuPaBsrubmYyEdlmanTMhMFM.ma:suInplitGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;nImYy²KWeRbób)andUcCakgðarFMmYyEdlmansøabFM²sRmab;rgkmøaMgcrnþxül;Edlbk;mkcMedIm,IbgVilm:asuInplitGKÁisnIEdldak;P¢ab;enACamYy.sBVéf¶eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;RtÚv)aneKniymeRbIkan;EteRcIneLIgedaysarkñúgry³Cagdb;qñaMknøgmkenH bec©kviTüaénTYrb‘Inxül;mankarEklMGy:ageRcIn.enAqñaM2006knøgmkenHGnuPaBtemøIgsrubéneragcR

70

kGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;enATUTaMgBiPBelakmanRbEhlnwg74000emháava:t;.rUbPaBéneragcRkGKÁisnI TYrb‘Inxül;mYykEnøg manbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 31 xageRkam.

rUbTI 31> eragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;mYykEnøg

CaFmµtaeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;manéføedImkñúg1KILÚv:at;em:agx<s; . eragcRkGKÁisnIRbePT enHeRcInmanbBaðaGMBInirnþPaBrbs;xül;nigvtþmanrbs;xül;kñúgTMhMmYyezr . edaysartémøedImman kRmitx<s;nigGRtaesßrPaBénkmøaMgxül;Tab eFVI[Rkúmh‘unGKÁisnIPaKeRcInmin)anKitfaeragcRkGKÁinITYrb‘Inxül;KWCaeragcRkGKÁisnIbMerIesckþIRtÚvkarCamUldæaneT KWRKan;EtCaeragcRkGKÁisnI bnÞab;bnSMmYybEnßmb:ueNÑaH . eKalkarN_énkarplitGKÁisnIBIxül; KWfamBlrbs;xül;RtÚv)anbMEbøgeTACafamBlGKÁisnI edaysarkarvilrbs;søabTYrb‘In enAeBlrgkarbk;rbs;xül; . lkçN³sMxan;mYyrbs;famBlxül; KW famBlGKÁisnIEdlplitsmamaRteTAnwgRtIKuNénel,Ónrbs;xül; mann½yfaRbsinebIxül;bk; elOnCagmun 2 dg eBlenaHfamBlEdlGacplit)annwgeRcInCagmun 8 dg . kartemøIgeragcRkGKÁisnITYrb‘Inxül;TamTarnUvkareRCIserIsTItaMgmYyd¾RtwmRtÚv EdlCaTItaMg minman]bsKÁraraMgcrnþrbs;xül; nigenAelITIx<s; b¤x<g;rab b:uEnþRtÚvenACitExSbNþajGKÁisnI edIm,I RsÜlbBa¢ÚnGKÁisnImk[GñkeRbIR)as; . müa:geTotTItaMgEdleRCIserIs RtÚvEtCaTItaMgmYyEdlman nirnþPaBéncrnþxül; nigRtÚvmankmøaMgxül;xøaMg nigezr . famBlxül;RtÚv)aneKcat;TukfaCafamBlEdlmin)ac;cMNayfvika edaysarvamin)ac;dut eRbg\n§n³ b:uEnþRKan;Etehdæarcnasm<½n§sRmab;b:Ebøgva[eTACafamBlGKÁisnImantémøéfø. fam Blxül;enHk¾RtÚv)ancat;TukfaCafamBlkekIteLIgvijEdr edaysarxül;ekItmanrhUt .

8- eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIBnøWRBHGaTitüpÞal;

71

eragcRkGKÁisnIeRbIBnøWRBHGaTitüpÞal;(Solar Direct Power Plants)KWCaeragcRk GKÁisnIEdleRbI]bkrN_ hVÚtUv:ultaGuic(Photovoltaic) b¤ehAxøIfa v:ultaGuic(Voltaic) sRmab; bMEbøgfamBlRBHGaTitüpÞal;eTACafamBlGKÁisnI . ]bkrN_v:ultaGuic KWCapÞaMgkBa©k;mYyEdl eRbIR)as; hVil(Films) b¤vtßúFatuBiess eRcInRbePT edIm,IbMEbøgBnøWRBHGaTitü[eTACafamBlGKÁisnI crnþCab; (dc) . pÞaMgkBa©k;rebobenHeyIgehAfa kBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü(Solar Panel) . kBa©k;BnøW RBHGaTitüGactP¢ab;KñaCaes‘rI b¤CaExñg eRcInpÞaMg edIm,IGacTTYl)annUvtg;süúg nigcrnþGKÁisnIEdl eKRtÚvkar . RbB½n§plitGKÁisnIBIBnøIRBHGaTitüxøH)aneRbIR)as;GaKuyedIm,IsþúkfamBlGKÁisnITuk sRmab;eRbIR)as;enAeBlyb;EdlKµanBnøIéf¶ . famBlGKÁisnIcrnþCab;EdlplitBIeragcRkGKÁisnI eRbIBnøIRBHGaTitüpÞal; GacRtÚv)anbMEbøgeTACafamBlGKÁisnIcrnþqøas;sRmab;karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnITUeTA rbs;Rkúmh‘unGKÁisnI eday]bkrN_mYyeTotEdleKehAfa Rbdab;bMEbøgrvagcrnþCab;nigcrnþqøas; b¤ehAfa GaMgEvrT½r(Inverter). kBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitümYypÞaMgtUc CaFmµtamantg;süúgcrnþCab;1>5v:ul nigGacpþl;crnþGKÁisnI crnþCab;RbEhl 20 mIløIGaMEBr . RbB½n§kBa©k;BnøIRBHGaTitüpÞaMgFM² KWCakarpÁúMrvagpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøIRBH GaTitütUc²eRcIn Caes‘rI b¤CaExñg b¤CaExñgnigCaes‘rIbBaÚUlKña . CaTUeTARbB½n§kBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitümYypÞaMg EdlmanTMhMRbEhl 0/3 Em:RtTTwg nig 1/2 Em:Rt beNþay GacplitGKÁisnI)ancMnYn 50 eTA 60 va:t; dUecñHmann½yfa kBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitümYypÞaMgenHGacpÁt;pÁg;[GMBUlGKÁisnITMhM 60 va:t; kñúgry³eBléf¶EdlmanBnøIRBHGaTitü . edaysarbc©úb,nñesckþIRtÚvkarTItaMgFM nigbec©kviTüaén kareRbIR)as;v:ultaGuic minTan;rIkcMerInxøaMgenAeLIy eFVI[RbB½n§eRbIBnøWRBHGaTitüpÞal;enH BuMTan; GackøayCaeragcRkplitGKÁisnIFM² sRmab;pÁt;pÁg;[esckþIRtÚvkarrbs;RbB½n§GKÁisnIenAeLIy . rUb PaBGMBIkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitümYypÞaMg EdlekIteLIgBIkarpÁúMKñaénpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitütUc²eRcIn man bgðaj kñúgrUbTI 32 xageRkam .

rUbTI 32> rUbPaBénkBa©k;BnøW RBHGaTitümYypÞaMgFM

72

kBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüplitGKÁisnIRbkbedaykRmitbrisßanl¥ minmankarbMBulbriyakas eLIy. GVIEdlCacMNucGviC¢manrbs;karplitGKÁisnIRbePTenHKW nig]bkrN_bMEbøgGKÁisnIBIcrnþ Cab;eTAcrnþqøas; mantémøx<s;eFVI[karplitGKÁisnIBIeragcRkGKÁisnIRbePTenHmanéføx<s; eRbóbeFobCamYyeragcRkd¾éTeTotTaMgGs; . eKsgÇwmfa eTAGnaKt bec©kviTüaénkareRbIkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitünwgmankarrIkcMerInGaceFVIkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitükan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBedaypþl;famBlGKÁisnIkan;EteRcInkñúg1ÉktaépÞRkLaénkBa©k;ehIyéfø]bkrN_enHGacnwgcuHefakEdlGaceFVI[GKÁisnIplitecjBIBnøWRBHGaTitüenHGacRbkYtRbECgCamYyGKÁisnIplitecjBIeragcRkplitGKÁisnIRbePTd¾éTepSg²eTotenAeBlenaHeTIbeKGaceRbIR)as;karplitGKÁisnIBIBnøWRBHGaTitüenHbegáIteTACaeragcRkGKÁisnIFM² edIm,IpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI[RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIFM²)an . bc©úb,nñenHeKeRbIR)as;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitürebobenHsRmab;CakarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnItUc² enAtMbn; CnbTdac;Rsyal EdlenATIenaHedIm,IbegáIt[manGKÁisnIeRbIR)as; eKBuMmanCMerIsGVIepSgeRkABIenH eT . enARbeTsmYycMnYnFM edaysarplRbeyaCn_brisßan nigedaysar]bkrN_plitGKÁisnIeday BnøWRBHGaTitüenH Ca]bkrN_mYyBak;B½n§CamYykarCYysRmÜlkarrs;enArbs;RbCaCnRkIRkenAtam CnbTdac;Rsyal rdæaPi)alRbeTseK )anGnueRKaHBn§TaMgLayelI]bkrN_RbePTenH[manGRta TabbMput eBlxøHKWGRtaBn§esµIsUnüEtmþg .

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