02 icam-in germany bianca schlegel
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Integrated Coastal AreaManagement
Experiences and lessons learnt fromGermany
Bianca SchlegelTechnical Advisor
Management of Natural Resources in theCoastal Zone of Soc Trang Province
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Seite 229.11.2011
Study tour with
Vietnamesedelegates
Northern Germany,
July 2011
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Urban Flood Management
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Elbe is a very dynamicestuary which isvulnerable toanthropogenic influences
- Tidal influences- Floodings- Harbour- Estuary Management
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Urban Flood Management
3 types of flood protection:
Dykes and walls
Construction on dwelling mounds
Individual site protection
Some residential areas are allowed to be flooded,here specific solutions for infrastructure are needed
Public flood protection is financed by the city andthe state
Private protection measures have to be paid bythose who want to settle in the endangered areas
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Picture: http://www.ibbsn.de/refer.html
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Tidal Elbe concept
Fairway deepening for ships led to
increased tidal pumping - biggest challenge now
Ecosystem functions are endangered
Concept for sustainable sediment managementand development of tidal Elbe (2006)
Engineering measures Retention areas
Improved sediment management
Only works as participatory process!
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Dyke construction & Drainage
More than 800 years of experiences with dykeconstructions have led to improved dyke designs
Dykes form an artificial barrier and requiretechnical solutions of the drainage
Secure discharge is of great importancefor flood protection and agriculture
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Individual Coastal Protection
Hallig: small, undyked island in the North Sea
Flooded regularly during stormy weather
Houses built on small dwelling mounds (Warften)
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Individual Coastal Protection
Dynamic equilibrium of sedimentation and sealevel rise (ca. 4-5 mm/year)
Currently Halligen are adapting in natural way
Future sea level rise requires adaptation
5 Halligen:
UNESCO biosphere reserve
due to unique characteristiclandscape, surrounding
ecosystem and culture
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BeachManagement
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- Connected to the
mainland by theHindenburgdamm
- Construction led tomorphodynamic changes
and to- significant losses of landat the southern spit of theisland
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Beach Management
Several measures tried and failed
Ca. 1880: Groins
Increased erosion at other places
1960: Tetrapods
Too heavy for soft sand
Since 1970: sand nourishments Sand is now only put in locations
where it is needed
Soft, close to nature solution
High costs justified by the high
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Governance of coastal protection
State and communities have their own tasks andresponsibilities
State tasks: 100% financed by state
Shared tasks: can be financed up to 90% by state
Maintenance tasks: 100% financed by communities
Advisory Board Integrated Coastal Protection
Led by the Ministry with participation ofcommunities, mayors, nature conservationists etc.
Meetings twice per year
The states ears are opened to the needs of the
local communities
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Governance of coastal protection
New master plan currently developed to integrateall aspects
(Coastal) Land use planning
Economic activities/ Tourism
Disaster prevention
Nature conservation
Wadden Sea is World Heritage Site
Good example for combination of coastal andenvironmental protection
Regional and (inter)national cooperation can beareas of conflict
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Managing the OffshoreZone
Central Command for Maritime Emergencies
Is responsible for planning, training and
implementation of maritime emergency measures Shares responsibilities with neighbouring countries
in quick response zones (no diplomatic channels)
Can access equipment and staff of partners
Has overall coordination and operational control,even if borders are crossed until situation is cleared
Works autonomously, not subject to any directivesin case of operations
Has clear legal foundation
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Managing the Offshore Zone
Offshore wind energy represents a direct andeconomical usage of coastal zone
Over 20 years of experiences with offshore windenergy in North Sea and Baltic Sea
Consistent and strong winds provide betterconditions than on land
New methods are tested constantly
Environmental impacts have to be considered(e.g. acoustic noise that disturbs marine mammals)
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Key lessons learnt
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Individualsolutions
needed
Large-
scalesolutions
Individualadaptedsolutions
Localcharacteristicsand
requirements
There is no single solution forthe whole coast
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Key lessons learnt
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Sustainable ICAM requires
Consideration of future
scenarios in todays planning
Participation ofmany stakeholders
for decisions
Consideration ofcomplex processes
and interactions
Dealing withuncertainties
Interdisciplinaryand cross-border
consensus
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Thank you for your attention!
29 11 2011
Questions?